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Tikoloho ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e silafetseng e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ata ha likokoana-hloko tse hanyetsanang le lithethefatsi tse ngata (MDR) le C. difficile.Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho lekola phello ea ozone e hlahisoang ke "dielectric barrier discharge" (DBD) plasma reactor mabapi le ketso ea Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) e hanyetsanang le vancomycin, Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE) e hanyetsanang le carbapenem, Litlamorao tsa Antibacterial tse hanyetsanang le carbapenem tse nang le litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa Prespp.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) e hanyetsanang le carbapenem le likokoana-hloko tsa Clostridium difficile.Lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng tse silafalitsoeng ke VRE, CRE, CRPA, CRAB le C. difficile spores li ne li phekoloa ka ozone ka linako tse sa tšoaneng le linako tsa ho pepeseha.Atomic force microscopy (AFM) e bontšitse phetoho ea holim'a libaktheria ka mor'a phekolo ea ozone.Ha tekanyo ea 500 ppm ozone e sebelisoa ho VRE le CRAB ka metsotso e 15, ho fokotseha ha hoo e ka bang 2 kapa ho feta log10 ho ile ha hlokomeloa ka tšepe e sa hloekang, lesela le lehong, 'me ho fokotseha ha 1-2 log10 ho ile ha bonoa ka khalase le polasetiki.Li-spores tsa C. difficile li ile tsa fumanoa li hanyetsa ozone ho feta lintho tse ling tsohle tse lekiloeng.Ho AFM, ka mor'a ho phekoloa ka ozone, lisele tsa baktheria li ile tsa ruruha le ho holofala.Ozone e hlahisoang ke DBD Plasma Reactor ke sesebelisoa se bonolo le sa bohlokoa sa ho tlosa litšila bakeng sa MDRO le C. difficile spores, tse tsejoang e le likokoana-hloko tse tloaelehileng tsa mafu a amanang le bophelo bo botle.
Ho hlaha ha likokoana-hloko tse hanyetsanang le lithethefatsi tse ngata (MDR) ho bakoa ke tšebeliso e mpe ea lithibela-mafu bathong le liphoofolong 'me e khethiloe ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) e le tšokelo e kholo bophelong ba sechaba1.Haholo-holo, litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li ntse li tobane le ho hlaha le ho ata ha li-MRO.Li-MRO tse ka sehloohong ke Staphylococcus aureus e hanyetsanang le methicillin le vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant enterococcus (VRE), acinetobacter-Crespenbacter (basterumanbacter) e thibelang likokoana-hloko, le basterumanbacter e thibelang likokoana-hloko.Ntle le moo, ts'oaetso ea Clostridium difficile ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa letšollo le amanang le bophelo bo botle, le beha moroalo o moholo tsamaisong ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo.MDRO le C. difficile li fetisoa ka matsoho a basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo bo botle, tikoloho e silafetseng, kapa ka ho toba ho tloha ho motho ho ea ho motho.Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore libaka tse silafetseng libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fetisetsoang ha MDRO le C. difficile ha basebeletsi ba bophelo bo botle (HCWs) ba kopana le libaka tse silafetseng kapa ha bakuli ba kopana ka ho toba le libaka tse silafetseng 3,4.libaka tse silafetseng libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li fokotsa ts'oaetso ea MLRO le C. difficile tšoaetso kapa colonization5,6,7.Ka lebaka la ho tšoenyeha ha lefats'e ka ho phahama ha antimicrobial resistance, ho hlakile hore ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng mabapi le mekhoa le mekhoa ea ho tlosa litšila libakeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.Haufinyane tjena, mekhoa ea ho hloekisa liteishene tse sa amaneng le batho, haholo lisebelisoa tsa ultraviolet (UV) kapa lisebelisoa tsa hydrogen peroxide, li amohetsoe e le mekhoa e tšepisang ea ho tlosa litšila.Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tsena tse fumanehang khoebong tsa UV kapa tsa hydrogen peroxide ha li turu feela, ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka UV ho sebetsa feela libakeng tse pepenene, athe ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka plasma ea hydrogen peroxide ho hloka nako e telele e batlang e le telele pele ho potoloho e latelang ea ho bolaea likokoana-hloko5.
Ozone e na le thepa e tsebahalang e thibelang kutu 'me e ka hlahisoa ka theko e tlase8.E boetse e tsejoa e le chefo bophelong ba batho, empa e ka bola ka potlako ho ba oksijene.Lisebelisoa tsa DBD li u lumella ho etsa plasma ea mocheso o tlase moeeng le ho hlahisa ozone.Ho fihlela joale, ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea ozone e lekanyelitsoe haholo-holo ho thibela likokoana-hloko metsi a letamo la ho sesa, metsi a nooang le likhoerekhoere10.Lithuto tse 'maloa li tlalehile ts'ebeliso ea eona maemong a tlhokomelo ea bophelo8,11.
Thutong ena, re sebelisitse compact DBD plasma ozone jenereithara ho bontša katleho ea eona ea ho hloekisa MDRO le C. difficile, esita le tse kentsoeng ka thepa e sa tšoaneng e sebelisoang hangata litabeng tsa bongaka.Ho feta moo, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ozone e hlakisitsoe ho sebelisoa litšoantšo tsa atomic force microscopy (AFM) tsa lisele tse nang le ozone.
Likokoana-hloko li ile tsa fumanoa likarolong tsa kliniki tsa: VRE (SCH 479 le SCH 637), Klebsiella pneumoniae e hanyetsanang le carbapenem (CRE; SCH CRE-14 le DKA-1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa e hanyetsanang le carbapenem (CRPA; 54 le 83) le libaktheria tsa carbapenem.libaktheria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA; 54 le 83).e hanyetsanang le Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB; F2487 le SCH-511).C. difficile e ile ea fumanoa ho National Pathogen Culture Collection (NCCP 11840) ea Korea Agency for Disease Control and Prevention.E ile ea qheleloa ka thoko ho mokuli oa Korea Boroa ka 2019 mme ea fumanoa e le ea ST15 e sebelisa tatellano ea tatellano ea multilocus.Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth (BD, Sparks, MD, USA) e kentsoeng ka VRE, CRE, CRPA le CRAB e ne e kopantsoe hantle 'me e kenngoa ka 37 ° C. bakeng sa lihora tsa 24.
C. difficile o ile a ts'oaroa ka anaerobically ho blood agar ka lihora tse 48.Likolone tse 'maloa li ile tsa kenngoa ho 5 ml ea moro oa pelo ea boko 'me tsa kenngoa tlas'a maemo a anaerobic bakeng sa lihora tse 48.Ka mor'a moo, setso se ile sa sisinyeha, 5 ml ea 95% ea ethanol e ile ea kenngoa, ea sisinyeha hape 'me ea siuoa mocheso oa motsoako ka metsotso e 30.Ka mor'a centrifugation ka 3000 g bakeng sa metsotso e 20, lahla supernatant 'me u emise pellet e nang le spores le ho bolaea libaktheria ka 0,3 ml ea metsi.Lisele tse sebetsang li ne li baloa ka peō ea spiral ea ho emisoa ha sele ea baktheria holim'a lipoleiti tsa mali tsa agar kamora ho hlapolloa ka nepo.Gram staining e netefalitse hore 85% ho isa ho 90% ea likarolo tsa baktheria e ne e le li-spores.
Boithuto bo latelang bo entsoe ho batlisisa litlamorao tsa ozone joalo ka sebolaea-mafu libakeng tse fapaneng tse silafalitsoeng ke MDRO le C. difficile spores, tse tsejoang ka ho baka mafu a amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo.Lokisetsa lisampole tsa tšepe e sa hloekang, lesela (k'hothone), khalase, polasetiki (acrylic), le lehong (phaene) le boholo ba sentimetara e le 'ngoe ka sentimetara e le' ngoe.Litlankane tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko pele li sebelisoa.Mehlala eohle e ile ea etsoa sterilized ka autoclaving pele ho ts'oaetso ea libaktheria.
Thutong ena, lisele tsa baktheria li ile tsa hasana libakeng tse fapaneng tsa substrate hammoho le lipoleiti tsa agar.Ka mor'a moo, liphanele li hloekisoa ka ho li beha sebakeng sa ozone ka nako e itseng le sebakeng se itseng ka phaposing e koetsoeng.Ka feiga.1 ke senepe sa lisebelisoa tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa ozone.Li-reactor tsa plasma tsa DBD li entsoe ka ho hokela li-electrode tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang tse nang le perforated le tse pepesitsoeng ka pele le ka morao ho lipoleiti tsa aluminium (dielectric) tse boima ba 1 mm.Bakeng sa li-electrode tse nang le perforated, sebaka sa ho bula le sekoti se ne se le 3 mm le 0.33 mm, ka ho latellana.Elektrode e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le sebopeho se chitja se nang le bophara ba 43 mm.Phepelo ea motlakase e phahameng ea maqhubu a phahameng (GBS Elektronik GmbH Minipuls 2.2) e ile ea sebelisoa ho sebelisa motlakase oa sinusoidal oa tlhoro ea 8 kV ho fihla sehlohlolong sa 12.5 kHz ho li-electrode tse nang le li-perforated ho hlahisa plasma mathōkong a li-electrode.li-electrode tse nang le perforated.Kaha theknoloji ke mokhoa oa ho thibela khase, sterilization e etsoa ka phaposing e arotsoeng ka molumo ka likarolo tse ka holimo le tse tlaase, tse nang le lisampole tse silafalitsoeng ke baktheria le lijenereithara tsa plasma, ka ho latellana.Kamore e kaholimo e na le likou tse peli tsa li-valve ho tlosa le ho ntša ozone e setseng.Pele o sebelisoa tekong, phetoho ea nako ea mahloriso a ozone ka phapusing ka mor'a ho bulela sekheo sa plasma e ne e lekantsoe ho latela sekhahla sa ho monya ha mohala oa spectral oa 253.65 nm oa lebone la mercury.
(a) Morero oa seta sa liteko tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko linthong tse fapaneng tse sebelisang ozone e hlahisoang ka har'a DBD plasma reactor, le (b) mahloriso a ozone le nako ea tlhahiso ea plasma ka phaposing ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko.Setšoantšo se entsoe ho sebelisoa OriginPro version 9.0 (OriginPro software, Northampton, MA, USA; https://www.originlab.com).
Ntlha ea pele, ka ho hloekisa lisele tsa baktheria tse behiloeng holim'a lipoleiti tsa agar tse nang le ozone, ha ho ntse ho fetola mahloriso a ozone le nako ea phekolo, nako e nepahetseng ea ozone le nako ea phekolo bakeng sa ho silafatsa MDRO le C. difficile li ile tsa khethoa.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea sterilization, kamore e hloekisoa pele ka moea o tikolohong ebe e tlatsoa ka ozone ka ho bulela karolo ea plasma.Ka mor'a hore lisampole li phekoloe ka ozone ka nako e reriloeng esale pele, ho sebelisoa pompo ea diaphragm ho tlosa ozone e setseng.Litekanyo li sebelisitse sampole ea moetlo o felletseng oa lihora tse 24 (~ 108 CFU/ml).Mehlala ea ho emisoa ha lisele tsa baktheria (20 μl) e ile ea qala ka ho hlapolloa makhetlo a leshome ka letsoai le sa hloekang, ebe lisampole tsena li ile tsa ajoa lipoleiting tsa agar tse hloekisitsoeng ka ozone ka phaposing.Ka mor'a moo, lisampole tse pheta-phetoang, tse nang le lisampole tse pepesitsoeng le tse sa pepesehang ho ozone, li ile tsa kenngoa ka 37 ° C ka lihora tse 24 'me tsa baloa likolone ho hlahloba katleho ea sterilization.
Ho feta moo, ho ea ka maemo a sterilization a hlalositsoeng thutong e ka holimo, phello ea ho senya theknoloji ena ho MDRO le C. difficile e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa litlankane tsa lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng (tšepe e sa hloekang, lesela, khalase, polasetiki le li-coupons tsa lehong) tse sebelisoang hangata mekhatlong ea bongaka.Litloaelo tse felletseng tsa lihora tse 24 (~ 108 cfu/ml) li sebelisitsoe.Mehlala ea ho emisoa ha sele ea baktheria (20 μl) e ile ea hlapolloa makhetlo a leshome ka letsoai le sa hloekang, ebe li-coupons li qoelisoa ka har'a li-broth tsena tse hlapollotsoeng ho lekola tšoaetso.Mehlala e tlositsoeng ka mor'a ho qoelisoa ka har'a moro oa dilution e kenngoa ka har'a lijana tse sa hloekang tsa Petri ebe e omisoa ka mocheso oa kamore ka lihora tse 24.Beha sekoahelo sa sejana sa petri holim'a sampuli 'me u se behe ka hloko ka kamoreng ea teko.Tlosa sekwahelo sejaneng sa Petri 'me u pepese sampole ho ozone ea 500 ppm metsotso e 15.Lisampole tsa taolo li ile tsa beoa khabineteng ea polokeho ea baeloji 'me ha lia ka tsa pepesetsoa ozone.Hang ka mora ho pepesehela ozone, disampole le disampole tse sa tshelwang ka mahlasedi (ke hore ditaolo) di ile tsa tswakwa le letswai le sa hlwekang ho sebedisa motswako wa vortex ho arola baktheria hotswa hodimo.Ho emisoa ho ile ha hlapolloa ka makhetlo a 10 ka letsoai le hloekisitsoeng, ka mor'a moo palo ea baktheria e hlapolotsoeng e ile ea khethoa lipoleiti tsa agar tsa mali (bakeng sa libaktheria tsa aerobic) kapa lipoleiti tsa agar tsa mali tsa anaerobic bakeng sa Brucella (bakeng sa Clostridium difficile) 'me tsa kenngoa ka 37 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 24.kapa tlas'a maemo a anaerobic bakeng sa lihora tse 48 ho 37 ° C ka kopi e le 'ngoe ho fumana hore na ho na le mahloriso a pele a inoculum.Phapano dipalong tsa baktheria pakeng tsa ditaolo tse sa pepeswang le disampole tse pepesehileng di ile tsa ballwa ho fana ka phokotso ya palo ya dipalo tsa baktheria (ke hore, ho sebetsa ka thata ho thibela dikokwanahloko) tlasa maemo a teko.
Lisele tsa baeloji li tlameha ho se tsamaee ka poleiti ea litšoantšo ea AFM;ka hona, mica disk e bataletseng le e ts'oanang e ts'oanang e nang le sekala sa roughness e nyane ho feta boholo ba sele e sebelisoa e le substrate.Bophara le botenya ba li-disks e ne e le 20 mm le 0.21 mm, ka ho latellana.Ho tiisa lisele ka holim'a metsi, bokaholimo ba mica bo koahetsoe ka poly-L-lysine (200 µl), e etsa hore e be le tjhaji e ntle mme lera la sele le qosoe hampe.Ka mor'a ho roala ka poly-L-lysine, li-mica disks li ile tsa hlatsuoa ka makhetlo a 3 ka metsi a 1 ml deionized (DI) le moea o omisitsoeng bosiung bo le bong.Joale, lisele tsa baktheria li ne li sebelisoa holim'a mica e koahetsoeng ka poly-L-lysine ka ho noa tharollo ea baktheria e hlapollang, e siiloeng ka metsotso e 30, ebe sebaka sa mica se hlatsuoa ka 1 ml ea metsi a deionized.
Halofo ea lisampole e ne e phekoloa ka ozone le morpholoji ea holim'a lipoleiti tsa mica tse jereng VRE, CRAB le C. difficile spores e ne e bonoa ho sebelisoa AFM (XE-7, litsamaiso tsa boikhathollo).Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa AFM o behiloe ho mokhoa oa ho tlanya, e leng mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho etsa litšoantšo tsa lisele tsa baeloji.Litekong, ho ile ha sebelisoa microcantilever e etselitsoeng mokhoa oo e seng oa ho ikopanya (OMCL-AC160TS, OLYMPUS Microscopy).Litšoantšo tsa AFM li ile tsa rekotoa ho ipapisitsoe le sekhahla sa tlhahlobo ea 0.5 Hz se hlahisang qeto ea lipikselse tsa 2048 × 2048.
Ho fumana maemo ao ho ona DBD plasma reactors e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa ho thibela peo, re entse letoto la liteko re sebelisa bobeli MDRO (VRE, CRE, CRPA, le CRAB) le C. difficile ho fapanyetsana mahloriso a ozone le nako ea ho pepeseha.Ka feiga.1b e bonts'a nako ea mahloriso ea ozone bakeng sa boemo bo bong le bo bong ba teko ka mor'a ho bulela sesebelisoa sa plasma.Khatiso e ile ea eketseha ka logarithmically, ea fihla ho 300 le 500 ppm ka mor'a metsotso e 1.5 le 2,5, ka ho latellana.Liteko tsa pele tse nang le VRE li bonts'itse hore bonyane bo hlokahalang ho tlosa baktheria hantle ke 300 ppm ozone metsotso e 10.Ka hona, litekong tse latelang, MDRO le C. difficile li ile tsa pepesehela ozone libakeng tse peli tse fapaneng (300 le 500 ppm) le ka linako tse peli tse fapaneng tsa ho pepeseha (10 le 15 metsotso).Bokhoni ba ho sterilization bakeng sa tekanyo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ozone le ho beha nako ea ho pepeseha ho ile ha baloa le ho bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 1. Ho pepesetsoa 300 kapa 500 ppm ozone bakeng sa metsotso ea 10-15 ho entse hore ho fokotsehe ka kakaretso VRE ea 2 kapa ho feta log10.Boemo bona bo phahameng ba ho bolaea baktheria ka CRE bo fihletsoe ka metsotso e 15 ea ho pepesehela 300 kapa 500 ppm ozone. Phokotso e phahameng ea CRPA (> 7 log10) e ile ea finyelloa ka ho pepesehela 500 ppm ea ozone bakeng sa 15 min. Phokotso e phahameng ea CRPA (> 7 log10) e ile ea finyelloa ka ho pepesehela 500 ppm ea ozone bakeng sa 15 min. Высокое снижение CRPA (> 7 log10) было достигнуто при воздействии 500 частей на миллион озона в течение 15 минут. Phokotso e phahameng ea CRPA (> 7 log10) e fihletsoe ka ho pepesehela ozone ea 500 ppm metsotso e 15.暴露于500 ppm 的臭氧15 分钟后，可大幅降低CRPA (> 7 log10).暴露于500 ppm 的臭氧15 分钟后，可大幅降低CRPA (> 7 log10). Существенное снижение CRPA (> 7 log10) после 15-минутного воздействия озона с концентрацией 500 ppm. Phokotso e kholo ea CRPA (> 7 log10) ka mor'a metsotso ea 15 ho pepesehela 500 ppm ozone.Ho bolaoa ho sa utloahaleng ha libaktheria tsa CRAB ho 300 ppm ozone; leha ho le joalo, ho 500 ppm ozone, ho bile le phokotso ea > 1.5 log10. leha ho le joalo, ho 500 ppm ozone, ho bile le phokotso ea > 1.5 log10. однако при концентрации озона 500 частей на миллион наблюдалось снижение > 1,5 log10. leha ho le jwalo, kgahlanong le ozone ya 500 ppm, ho ile ha hlokomelwa phokotseho ya > 1.5 log10.然而，在500 ppm 臭氧下，减少了> 1.5 log10.然而，在500 ppm 臭氧下，减少了> 1.5 log10. Однако при концентрации озона 500 частей на миллион наблюдалось снижение >1,5 log10. Leha ho le joalo, sebakeng sa ozone ea 500 ppm, ho ile ha bonoa ho fokotseha ho> 1.5 log10. Ho pepesa li-spores tsa C. difficile ho 300 kapa 500 ppm ozone ho entse hore ho fokotsoe > 2.5 log10. Ho pepesa li-spores tsa C. difficile ho 300 kapa 500 ppm ozone ho entse hore ho fokotsoe > 2.5 log10. Воздействие на споры C. difficile озона с концентрацией 300 или 500 частей на миллион приводило к снижению > 2,5 log10. Ho pepeseha ha C. difficile spores ho 300 kapa 500 ppm ozone ho entse hore > 2.5 log10 e fokotsehe.将艰难梭菌孢子暴露于300 或500 ppm的臭氧中导致> 2.5 log10 减少。 300 或500 ppm 的臭氧中导致> 2.5 log10 减少。 Воздействие на споры C. difficile озона с концентрацией 300 или 500 частей на миллион приводило к снижению >2,5 log10. Ho pepeseha ha C. difficile spores ho 300 kapa 500 ppm ozone ho entse hore > 2.5 log10 e fokotsehe.
Ho ipapisitsoe le liteko tse kaholimo, ho ile ha fumanoa tlhoko e lekaneng ea ho koala libaktheria ka tekanyo ea 500 ppm ozone metsotso e 15.VRE, CRAB le C. difficile spores li 'nile tsa lekoa bakeng sa phello ea likokoana-hloko ea ozone linthong tse sa tšoaneng tse akarelletsang tšepe e sa hloekang, lesela, khalase, polasetiki le lehong le sebelisoang hangata lipetlele.Bokhoni ba bona ba ho thibela likokoana-hloko bo bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 2. Likokoana-hloko tsa liteko li ile tsa hlahlojoa habeli.VRE le CRAB, ozone e ne e sa sebetse hantle holim'a khalase le polasetiki, le hoja ho fokotseha ha log10 hoo e ka bang karolo ea 2 kapa ho feta ho ile ha hlokomeloa holim'a tšepe e sa hloekang, lesela le lehong.Li-spores tsa C. difficile li ile tsa fumanoa li hanyetsa phekolo ea ozone ho feta likokoana-hloko tse ling tsohle tse lekiloeng.Ho ithuta ka lipalo-palo phello ea ozone ka phello ea polao ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng khahlanong le VRE, CRAB, le C. difficile, liteko tsa t li ile tsa sebelisoa ho bapisa phapang pakeng tsa palo ea CFU ka milliliter ho laola le lihlopha tsa liteko ka thepa e fapaneng (setšoantšo sa 2).mefuta e bontšitse phapang e kholo ea lipalo-palo, empa ho ile ha hlokomeloa liphapang tsa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tsa VRE le CRAB ho feta tsa C. difficile spores.
Scatterplot ea liphello tsa ozone polaong ea baktheria ea thepa e sa tšoaneng (a) VRE, (b) CRAB, le (c) C. difficile.
Ho nahana ka AFM ho ile ha etsoa ho li-spores tsa VRE, CRAB, le C. tse thata tse entsoeng ka ozone le tse sa phekoloang ho ithuta ka ho qaqileng mokhoa oa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa ozone.Ka feiga.3a, c le e bonts'a litšoantšo tsa AFM tsa VRE, CRAB le C. difficile spores, ka ho latellana.Joalokaha ho bonoa litšoantšong tsa 3D, lisele li boreleli ebile li tiile.Lipalo 3b, d le f li bontša VRE, CRAB le C. difficile spores ka mor'a phekolo ea ozone.Ha lia ka tsa fokotseha feela ka boholo ba lisele tsohle tse lekiloeng, empa bokaholimo ba tsona bo ile ba mpefala ka ho fetesisa kamora ho pepesehela ozone.
Litšoantšo tsa AFM tsa VRE, MRAB le C. difficile spores (a, c, e) le (b, d, f) tse tšoaroang ka 500 ppm ozone bakeng sa 15 min.Litšoantšo li entsoe ho sebelisoa Park Systems XEI version 5.1.6 (XEI Software, Suwon, Korea; https://www.parksystems.com/102-products/park-xe-bio).
Lipatlisiso tsa rona li bontša hore ozone e hlahisoang ke thepa ea plasma ea DBD e bontša bokhoni ba ho tlosa MDRO le C. difficile spores, tse tsejoang e le lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa mafu a amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo.Ho phaella moo, thutong ea rona, ha ho nahanoa hore tšilafalo ea tikoloho le MDRO le C. difficile spores e ka ba mohloli oa tšoaetso e amanang le bophelo bo botle, phello ea likokoana-hloko ea ozone e fumanoe e atlehile bakeng sa thepa e sebelisoang haholo-holo maemong a sepetlele.Liteko tsa decontamination li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa thepa ea plasma ea DBD ka mor'a hore ho silafatsoe ka maiketsetso ho lisebelisoa tse kang tšepe e sa hloekang, lesela, khalase, polasetiki le lehong le nang le MDRO le C. difficile spores.Ka lebaka leo, le hoja phello ea decontamination e fapana ho itšetlehile ka thepa, bokhoni ba ho senya ozone bo hlolla.
Lintho tse angoang khafetsa liphaposing tsa sepetlele li hloka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko.Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho silafatsa lintho tse joalo ke ho hloekisa ka letsoho ka sebolaea-mafu sa metsi se kang motsoako oa quaternary ammonium 13. Esita le ka ho khomarela ka tieo litlhahiso tsa tšebeliso ea likokoana-hloko, MPO e thata ho e tlosa ka ho hloekisa tikoloho ea setso (hangata ho hloekisa ka letsoho)14.Ka hona, ho hlokahala mahlale a macha, joalo ka mekhoa e sa amaneng le batho.Ka lebaka leo, ho bile le thahasello ho li-disinfectants tse nang le khase, ho kenyelletsa hydrogen peroxide le ozone10.Molemo oa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka khase ke hore li khona ho fihla libakeng le linthong tseo mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea matsoho e ke keng ea fihla ho tsona.Hydrogen peroxide e sa tsoa qala ho sebelisoa maemong a bongaka, leha ho le joalo hydrogen peroxide ka boeona e chefo 'me e tlameha ho sebetsoa ho latela mekhoa e thata ea ho sebetsana le eona.Ho hloekisoa ha plasma ka hydrogen peroxide ho hloka nako e telele ea ho hloekisa pele ho nako e latelang ea ho koala.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ozone e sebetsa e le moemeli oa antibacterial-spectrum, o sebetsang khahlanong le libaktheria le likokoana-hloko tse hanyetsanang le likokoana-hloko tse ling8,11,15.Ho phaella moo, ozone e ka hlahisoa ka theko e tlaase moeeng oa sepakapaka ’me ha e hloke lik’hemik’hale tse chefo tse eketsehileng tse ka sieang sebaka se kotsi tikolohong, kaha e qetella e robeha hore e be oksijene.Leha ho le joalo, lebaka leo ka lona ozone e sa sebelisoeng haholo e le sebolaea likokoana-hloko ke le latelang.Ozone e chefo ho bophelo ba batho, kahoo mahloriso a eona ha a fete 0.07 ppm ka karolelano bakeng sa lihora tse fetang 816, kahoo li-sterilizers tsa ozone li 'nile tsa hlahisoa' me li kenngoa 'marakeng, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho hloekisa likhase tsa ho tsoa.Hape hoa khoneha ho hema khase le ho hlahisa monko o sa thabiseng ka mor'a ho senya5,8.Ozone e ne e sa sebelisoe ka mafolofolo litsing tsa bongaka.Leha ho le joalo, ozone e ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng likamoreng tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko le ka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea moea, 'me ho tlosoa ha eona ho ka potlakisoa haholo ka ho sebelisa converter ea catalytic.Thutong ena, re bonts'a hore li-sterilizers tsa plasma ozone li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko maemong a tlhokomelo ea bophelo.Re thehile sesebelisoa se nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho thibela likokoana-hloko, ts'ebetso e bonolo le tšebeletso e potlakileng bakeng sa bakuli ba sepetlele.Ho feta moo, re thehile yuniti e bonolo ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko e sebelisang moea o phelang ntle le litšenyehelo tse ling.Ho fihlela joale, ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e lekaneng mabapi le litlhoko tse tlase tsa ozone bakeng sa ho kenya tšebetsong MDRO.Thepa e sebelisitsoeng thutong ea rona e bonolo ho e hlophisa 'me e na le nako e khutšoanyane' me e lebelletsoe ho ba molemo bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko khafetsa.
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea bactericidal ea ozone ha o hlake ka botlalo.Liphuputso tse 'maloa li bontšitse hore ozone e senya lisele tsa baktheria, e leng se lebisang ho lutla ha intracellular le qetellong ea lysis17,18.Ozone e ka kena-kenana le ts'ebetso ea cellular ea enzymatic ka ho sebetsana le lihlopha tsa thiol mme e ka fetola metheo ea purine le pyrimidine ka nucleic acid.Phuputso ena e ile ea bona sebopeho sa li-spores tsa VRE, CRAB, le C. difficile pele le ka mor'a phekolo ea ozone 'me ea fumana hore ha lia fokotseha ka boholo feela, empa li ile tsa boela tsa e-ba thata haholo holim'a metsi, tse bontšang tšenyo kapa ho bola ha lera le ka ntle.le lisebelisoa tsa ka hare ka lebaka la khase ea ozone e na le matla a matla a oxidizing.Tšenyo ena e ka lebisa ho se sebetse ha sele, ho itšetlehile ka boima ba liphetoho tsa cellular.
C. difficile spores ho thata ho tlosa likamoreng tsa sepetlele.Li-spores li lula libakeng tseo li tšollang ho tsona tse 10,20.Ho phaella moo, thutong ena, le hoja ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha logarithmic ka makhetlo a 10 ho palo ea libaktheria ka lipoleiti tsa agar ho 500 ppm ozone ka metsotso e 15 e ne e le 2.73, phello ea bactericidal ea ozone linthong tse sa tšoaneng tse nang le C spores .difficile e fokotsehile.Ka hona, mekhoa e fapaneng e ka nkoa e le ho fokotsa tšoaetso ea C. difficile maemong a tlhokomelo ea bophelo.Bakeng sa ho sebelisoa likamoreng tse ka thōko tsa C. difficile feela, ho ka 'na ha e-ba molemo ho fetola nako ea ho pepeseha le matla a phekolo ea ozone.Ho phaella moo, re tlameha ho hopola hore mokhoa oa ho hloekisa ozone o ke ke oa nkela sebaka sa ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa matsoho ka li-disinfectants le mekhoa ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko, hape e ka atleha haholo ho laola C. difficile 5.Thutong ena, katleho ea ozone joalo ka sebolaea likokoana-hloko e fapane bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea MPO.Ho sebetsa hantle ho ka itšetleha ka lintlha tse 'maloa tse kang sethala sa kholo, lerako la sele, le bokhoni ba mekhoa ea ho lokisa21,22.Lebaka la phello e fapaneng ea sterilizing ea ozone holim'a thepa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka ba ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha biofilm.Liphuputso tse fetileng li bontšitse hore E. faecium le E. faecium li eketsa khanyetso ea tikoloho ha li le teng e le biofilms23, 24, 25. Leha ho le joalo, thuto ena e bontša hore ozone e na le phello e kholo ea bactericidal ho MDRO le C. difficile spores.
Moeli oa boithuto ba rona ke hore re ile ra lekola phello ea ho boloka ozone kamora ho lokisoa.Sena se ka lebisa ho overestimation ea palo ea lisele tse sebetsang tsa baktheria.
Le hoja thuto ena e ile ea etsoa ho lekola katleho ea ozone e le sebolaea-mafu sebakeng sa sepetlele, ho thata ho hlahisa liphetho tsa rona maemong ohle a sepetlele.Kahoo, ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ho batlisisa ho sebetsa le ho lumellana ha sterilizer ena ea ozone ea DBD sebakeng sa sebele sa sepetlele.
Ozone e hlahisoang ke DBD plasma reactor e ka ba ntho e bonolo le ea bohlokoa ea ho tlosa litšila bakeng sa MDRO le C. difficile.Kahoo, phekolo ea ozone e ka nkoa e le mokhoa o mong o sebetsang oa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tikolohong ea sepetlele.
Lintlha tse sebelisitsoeng le/kapa tse hlahlobiloeng thutong ea hajoale li fumaneha ho tsoa ho bangoli ba fapaneng ka kopo e utloahalang.
Leano la lefats'e la WHO la ho ba le khanyetso ea likokoana-hloko.https://www.who.int/drugresistance/WHO_Global_Strategy.htm/en/ E teng.
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