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Ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea lisampole tsa metsi e na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso ho mahlale a bophelo le tlhahlobo ea tikoloho.Mosebetsing ona, re thehile photometer e kopanetsoeng le e theko e tlaase e thehiloeng ho metal waveguide capillaries (MCCs) bakeng sa boikemisetso ba ultrasensitive ba ho monya.Tsela ea optical e ka eketsoa haholo, 'me e telele ho feta bolelele ba' mele ba MWC, hobane leseli le hasantsoeng ke marako a tšepe a boreleli a ka ba teng ka har'a capillary ho sa tsotelehe hore na ketsahalo e kae.Ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tlase joalo ka 5.12 nM ho ka finyelloa ho sebelisoa li-reagents tse tloaelehileng tsa chromogenic ka lebaka la amplification e ncha e sa tloaelehang ea optical le ho fetola sampole ka potlako le ho lemoha tsoekere.
Photometry e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lisampole tsa mokelikeli ka lebaka la bongata ba li-reagents tse fumanehang tsa chromogenic le lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor optoelectronic1,2,3,4,5.Ha ho bapisoa le qeto ea setso e thehiloeng ho cuvette ea ho monya, metsi a waveguide (LWC) capillaries reflect (TIR) ​​ka ho boloka leseli la probe ka har'a capillary1,2,3,4,5.Leha ho le joalo, ntle le ntlafatso e eketsehileng, tsela ea optical e haufi feela le bolelele ba 'mele oa LWC3.6,' me ho eketsa bolelele ba LWC ho feta 1.0 m ho tla hlokofatsoa ke khanya e matla ea leseli le kotsi e kholo ea li-bubble, joalo-joalo 3, 7. Mabapi le sele e reriloeng e nang le mekhoa e mengata bakeng sa ntlafatso ea litsela tsa optical, moeli oa ho lemoha o ntlafatsoa feela ka ntlha ea 8.95.
Hona joale ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea LWC, e leng Teflon AF capillaries (e nang le index ea refractive ea ~ 1.3 feela, e ka tlaase ho ea metsi) le silica capillaries e koahetsoeng ka Teflon AF kapa lifilimi tsa tšepe1,3,4.Ho finyella TIR ka har'a sehokelo pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa dielectric, lisebelisoa tse nang le index e tlase ea refractive le li-angles tse phahameng tsa khanya li hlokahala3,6,10.Mabapi le li-capillaries tsa Teflon AF, Teflon AF e phefumoloha ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se nang le masoba3,11 mme e khona ho monya lintho tse nyane lisampong tsa metsi.Bakeng sa li-capillaries tsa quartz tse koahetsoeng ka ntle le Teflon AF kapa tšepe, index ea refractive ea quartz (1.45) e phahame ho feta lisampole tse ngata tsa metsi (mohlala 1.33 bakeng sa metsi)3,6,12,13.Bakeng sa li-capillaries tse koahetsoeng ka filimi ea tšepe ka hare, thepa ea lipalangoang e 'nile ea ithutoa14,15,16,17,18, empa mokhoa oa ho roala o rarahane, holim'a filimi ea tšepe e na le mohaho o thata le o nang le porous4,19.
Ho feta moo, LWCs tsa khoebo (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries le AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) li na le mefokolo e meng, joalo ka: bakeng sa liphoso..Molumo o moholo o shoeleng oa TIR3,10, (2) T-connector (ho hokahanya li-capillaries, fibers, le li-inlet/outlet tubes) o ka tšoara li-bubble tsa moea10.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, boikemisetso ba maemo a tsoekere bo bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere, lefu la ho thatafala ha sebete le lefu la kelello20.le mekhoa e mengata ea ho lemoha e kang photometry (ho kenyeletsoa spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 le colorimetry pampiring 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical plasmon plasmson 637, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 le capillary electrophoresis 40,41 joalo-joalo.Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba mekhoa ena e hloka lisebelisoa tse theko e boima, 'me ho fumanoa ha tsoekere ka bongata ba nanomolar e ntse e le phephetso (mohlala, bakeng sa litekanyo tsa photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, khatello e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea tsoekere).moeli o ne o le 30 nM feela ha li-nanoparticles tse putsoa tsa Prussia li ne li sebelisoa e le mohlala oa peroxidase).Litlhahlobo tsa tsoekere ea nanomolar hangata lia hlokahala bakeng sa lithuto tsa cellular tsa boemo ba limolek'hule joalo ka thibelo ea kholo ea mofetše oa tšoelesa ea senya42 le boits'oaro ba CO2 ba ho lokisa ba Prochlorococcus leoatleng.
Sengoliloeng sena, fotometer e kopaneng, e theko e tlase e thehiloeng holim'a tšepe ea waveguide capillary (MWC), SUS316L capillary ea tšepe e sa jeleng paate e nang le bokaholimo bo ka hare ba motlakase, e ile ea ntlafatsoa bakeng sa boikemisetso ba ho monya ha ultrasensitive.Kaha leseli le ka ts'oaroa ka har'a li-capillaries tsa tšepe ho sa tsotelehe hore na ho etsahala'ng, tsela ea optical e ka eketsoa haholo ka ho hasana ha leseli holim'a litšepe tse senyehileng le tse boreleli, 'me e telele ho feta bolelele ba 'mele ba MWC.Ntle le moo, sehokelo sa T se bonolo se etselitsoe khokahano ea optical le sehokelo sa mokelikeli ho fokotsa molumo o shoeleng le ho qoba ho ts'oaroa ha bubble.Bakeng sa fotometer ea 7 cm MWC, moeli oa ho lemoha o ntlafatsoa ka makhetlo a ka bang 3000 ha o bapisoa le spectrophotometer ea khoebo e nang le 1 cm cuvette ka lebaka la ntlafatso e ncha ea tsela e sa lekanyetsoang ea optical le phetoho e potlakileng ea sampole, 'me mahloriso a ho lemoha tsoekere a ka finyelloa.ke 5.12 nM feela e sebelisang li-reagents tse tloaelehileng tsa chromogenic.
Joalokaha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1, photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC e na le MWC e bolelele ba 7 cm e nang le sebaka se ka hare sa EP se nang le electropolished, 505 nm LED e nang le lense, photodetector e ka feto-fetohang, le tse peli bakeng sa ho kopanya optical le ho kenya metsi.Etsoa.Valve ea litsela tse tharo e hokahaneng le Pike inlet tube e sebelisoa ho fetola sampole e kenang.Peek tube e lumellana hantle khahlanong le poleiti ea quartz le MWC, kahoo molumo o shoeleng ho T-connector o bolokoa bonyane, o thibela ka katleho hore li-bubble tsa moea li se ke tsa tšoasoa.Ntle le moo, borokho bo kopantsoeng bo ka hlahisoa habonolo le ka nepo ho MWC ka poleiti ea quartz ea T-piece.
Beam le sampole ea mokelikeli li kenngoa ka har'a MCC ka T-piece, 'me lebone le fetang ka MCC le amoheloa ke mochine oa lifoto.Litharollo tse kenang tsa lisampole tse silafetseng kapa tse se nang letho li ile tsa kenngoa ka har'a ICC ka valve ea litsela tse tharo.Ho ea ka molao oa Beer, tekano ea optical ea sampole e mebala e ka baloa ho tsoa ho equation.1.10
moo Vcolor le Vblank e leng matšoao a tlhahiso ea photodetector ha mebala le lisampole tse se nang letho li kenngoa ho MCC, ka ho latellana, 'me Vdark ke letšoao le ka morao la photodetector ha LED e tingoa.Phetoho ea lets'oao la tlhahiso ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank e ka lekanyetsoa ka ho fetola lisampole.Ho latela equation.Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1, haeba ΔV e le nyane haholo ho feta Vblank–Vdark, ha ho sebelisoa sampole switching scheme, liphetoho tse nyane ho Vblank (mohlala drift) li ka ba le phello e nyane boleng ba AMWC.
Ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea MWC-based photometer le cuvette-based spectrophotometer, tharollo ea enke e khubelu e ile ea sebelisoa e le sampole ea 'mala ka lebaka la botsitso ba eona bo botle ba mebala le mokhoa o motle oa mahloriso-absorbance linearity, DI H2O e le sampole e se nang letho..Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 1, letoto la litharollo tsa enke e khubelu li lokisitsoe ke mokhoa oa serial dilution o sebelisa DI H2O joalo ka solvent.Tekanyo e lekanyelitsoeng ea sampole 1 (S1), pente e khubelu ea mantlha e sa tsoakoang, e ile ea khethoa e le 1.0.Ka feiga.Setšoantšo sa 2 se bontša litšoantšo tsa optical tsa 11 tse khubelu tsa enke (S4 ho S14) tse nang le likhahla tse lekanyelitsoeng (tse thathamisitsoeng ho Lethathamo la 1) ho tloha 8.0 × 10-3 (ka ho le letšehali) ho 8.2 × 10-10 (ka ho le letona).
Liphetho tsa litekanyo tsa sampole 6 li bontšoa ho Feiga.3(a).Lintlha tsa ho fetoha pakeng tsa lisampole tse silafetseng le tse se nang letho li tšoauoa setšoantšong ka metsu e habeli "↔".Hoa hlokomeleha hore motlakase oa tlhahiso o eketseha ka potlako ha o fetoha ho tloha ho disampole tsa mebala ho ea ho mehlala e se nang letho le ka tsela e fapaneng.Vcolor, Vblank le ΔV e tsamaellanang li ka fumanoa joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong.
(a) Liphetho tsa litekanyo tsa sampole 6, (b) sampole 9, (c) sampole 13, le (d) sampole 14 ho sebelisoa photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC.
Liphetho tsa litekanyo tsa lisampole 9, 13, le 14 li bonts'itsoe ho Feiga.3(b)-(d), ka ho latellana.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3 (d), ΔV e lekantsoeng ke 5 nV feela, e batlang e le makhetlo a 3 ho feta boleng ba lerata (2 nV).ΔV e nyane ho thata ho e khetholla ho lerata.Ka hona, moeli oa ho lemoha o fihlile ho palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea 8.2 × 10-10 (sample 14).Ka thuso ea li-equations.1. Monyetla oa AMWC o ka baloa ho tloha ho litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa Vcolor, Vblank le Vdark.Bakeng sa photodetector ka phaello ea 104 Vdark ke -0,68 μV.Liphetho tsa litekanyo tsa lisampole kaofela li akaretsoa ho Lethathamo la 1 'me li ka fumanoa boitsebisong ba tlatsetso.Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 1, monyetla o fumanoang maemong a phahameng a tletse, kahoo monyetla o kaholimo ho 3.7 o ke ke oa lekanngoa ka li-spectrometer tse thehiloeng ho MWC.
Ha ho bapisoa, sampuli ea enke e khubelu e ile ea boela ea lekanngoa ka spectrophotometer 'me ho kenngoa ha Acuvette e lekantsoeng ho bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 4. Litekanyetso tsa Acuvette ho 505 nm (joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 1) li ile tsa fumanoa ka ho bua ka li-curve tsa sampuli 10, 11, kapa 12 (joalokaha ho bontšitsoe sethathong).ho ea setšoantšong sa 4) e le motheo.Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe, moeli oa ho lemoha o fihletse mohopolo o lekanyelitsoeng oa 2.56 x 10-6 (sample 9) hobane li-curve tsa ho monya tsa disampole 10, 11 le 12 li ne li sa khethollehe ho tse ling.Ka hona, ha ho sebelisoa photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC, moeli oa ho lemoha o ile oa ntlafatsoa ke karolo ea 3125 ha e bapisoa le spectrophotometer e thehiloeng ho cuvette.
Ho itšetlehile ka ho kenngoa ha maikutlo ho hlahisoa ho Fig.5.Bakeng sa litekanyo tsa cuvette, monyetla o lekana le mahloriso a enke ka tsela ea bolelele ba 1 cm.Athe, bakeng sa litekanyo tse thehiloeng ho MWC, keketseho e sa lekanyetsoang ea ho monya e ile ea bonoa maemong a tlase.Ho ea ka molao oa Beer, monyetla o lekana le bolelele ba tsela ea optical, kahoo ho monya ho fumana AEF (e hlalosoang e le AEF = AMWC / Acuvette ka tekanyo e tšoanang ea enke) ke karolelano ea MWC ho bolelele ba tsela ea optical ea cuvette.Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 5, maemong a holimo, AEF e sa feleng e pota-potile 7.0, e leng ntho e utloahalang kaha bolelele ba MWC ke makhetlo a 7 hantle ho feta 1 cm cuvette. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tse tlaase (mahloriso a amanang le <1.28 × 10-5), AEF e eketseha ka ho fokotseha ha mahloriso 'me e ne e tla fihla boleng ba 803 nakong ea khatello e amanang le 8.2 × 10-10 ka ho fetisa sekhahla sa tekanyo e thehiloeng ho cuvette. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tse tlaase (mahloriso a amanang le <1.28 × 10-5), AEF e eketseha ka ho fokotseha ha mahloriso 'me e ne e tla fihla boleng ba 803 nakong ea khatello e amanang le 8.2 × 10-10 ka ho fetisa sekhahla sa tekanyo e thehiloeng ho cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5 относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tse tlaase (mahloriso a amanang le <1.28 × 10-5), AEF e eketseha ka ho fokotseha ha mahloriso 'me e ka fihla boleng ba 803 ka tekanyo e lekanyelitsoeng ea 8.2 × 10-10 ha e ntšoa ho tloha mokokotlong oa tekanyo ea cuvette.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5)下，AEF测量曲线，在相关浓度為8.2 × 10-10 时将达到803 的值。然而 ， 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， , AEF 随着 的 降低 而 , 并低 并且 并万 并万 并测量 曲线 ， 在 浓度 bakeng sa 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到803 值. Однако при низких концентрациях (релевантные концентрации < 1,28 × 10-5) АЭП увеличивается с уменьшением концентрации ния на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 803 . Leha ho le joalo, maemong a tlaase (mahlaseli a bohlokoa <1.28 × 10-5) AED e eketseha ka ho fokotseha ha mahloriso, 'me ha e ntšoa ho tloha mokokotlong oa tekanyo e thehiloeng ho cuvette, e fihla ho tekanyo e lekanyelitsoeng ea 8.2 × 10-10 803.Sena se fella ka tsela e lumellanang ea optical ea 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), e telele ho feta bolelele ba 'mele ba MWC, esita le ho feta LWC e telele ka ho fetisisa e fumanehang khoebong (500 cm ho tloha World Precision Instruments, Inc.).Doko Engineering LLC e na le bolelele ba 200 cm).Keketseho ena e sa lekanyetsoang ea ho monya LWC ha e so tlalehe pele.
Ka feiga.6(a)-(c) e bonts'a sets'oants'o sa mahlo, setšoantšo sa microscope, le setšoantšo sa profil ea optical sa bokaholimo ba karolo ea MWC, ka ho latellana.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.6(a), bokaholimo bo ka hare bo boreleli ebile boa benya, bo ka bonahatsa leseli le bonahalang, 'me le khanya haholo.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.6(b), ka lebaka la ho holofala le tlhaho ea kristale ea tšepe, mesas e nyane le mefokolo e hlaha sebakeng se boreleli. Ka lebaka la sebaka se senyenyane (<5 μm × 5 μm), ho thatafala ha sebaka se seholo ho ka tlaase ho 1.2 nm (setšoantšo sa 6 (c)). Ka lebaka la sebaka se senyenyane (<5 μm × 5 μm), ho thatafala ha sebaka se seholo ho feta 1.2 nm (setšoantšo sa 6 (c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Ka lebaka la sebaka se senyenyane (<5 µm×5 µm), ho thatafala ha boholo ba sebaka se ka tlaase ho 1.2 nm (setšoantšo sa 6 (c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c）).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c）). Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Ha re nahana ka sebaka se senyenyane (<5 µm × 5 µm), ho thatafala ha libaka tse ngata ho ka tlaase ho 1.2 nm (setšoantšo sa 6 (c)).
(a) Setšoantšo sa Optical, (b) setšoantšo sa microscope, le (c) setšoantšo sa pono ea bokaholimo ba sehiloeng sa MWC.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.7 (a), tsela ea optical LOP ka capillary e khethoa ke angle of incidence θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, moo LC e leng bolelele ba 'mele ba capillary).Bakeng sa li-capillaries tsa Teflon AF tse tletseng DI H2O, sekhahla sa liketsahalo se tlameha ho ba se seholo ho feta sekhahla sa bohlokoa sa 77.8 °, kahoo LOP e ka tlaase ho 1.02 × LC ntle le ntlafatso e eketsehileng3.6.Athe, ka MWC, ho koalloa ha leseli ka har'a capillary ho ikemela ka index ea refractive kapa angle of incidence, kahoo ha angle ea liketsahalo e fokotseha, tsela e khanyang e ka ba telele ho feta bolelele ba capillary (LOP » LC).Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.7(b), bokaholimo ba tšepe bo ka bakang ho hasana ha leseli, ho ka eketsang tsela ea optical haholo.
Ka hona, ho na le litsela tse peli tse khanyang bakeng sa MWC: leseli le tobileng ntle le ho bonahatsa (LOP = LC) le khanya ea sawtooth e nang le litšoantšo tse ngata pakeng tsa marako a mahlakoreng (LOP »LC).Ho ea ka molao oa Beer, matla a mabone a fetisitsoeng ka ho toba le a zigzag a ka hlalosoa e le PS× exp(-α×LC) le PZ×exp(-α×LOP) ka ho latellana, moo α e sa khaotseng e leng coefficient ea ho monya, e itšetlehileng ka ho feletseng ka mahloriso a enke.
Bakeng sa inki ea khatello e phahameng (mohlala, mahloriso a amanang> 1.28 × 10-5), khanya ea zigzag e fokotsehile haholo 'me matla a eona a tlase haholo ho feta a khanya e otlolohileng, ka lebaka la ho monya-coefficient e kholo le tsela ea eona e telele ea optical. Bakeng sa enke ea khatello e phahameng (mohlala, mahloriso a amanang> 1.28 × 10-5), khanya ea zigzag e fokotsehile haholo 'me matla a eona a tlase haholo ho feta a khanya e otlolohileng, ka lebaka la ho monya-coefficient e kholo le tsela ea eona e telele ea optical. Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, относительная концентрация >1,28 × 10-5) е, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэффициента поглощения le гораздо более длинного оптического излучения. Bakeng sa enke ea khatello e phahameng (mohlala, mahloriso a amanang> 1.28 × 10-5), lebone la zigzag le fokotsoa ka matla 'me matla a lona a tlase haholo ho feta a khanya e tobileng ka lebaka la coefficient e kholo ea ho monya le nako e telele haholo ea optical emission.pina.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强度度远数大，光学旴间更长.浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） , z 字形 衰减 很 大 , 浓度 浓度>是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и более длительного оптического времени. Bakeng sa li-inks tse phahameng tsa mahloriso (mohlala, likhahla tse amehang> 1.28 × 10-5), leseli la zigzag le fokotsehile haholo 'me matla a lona a tlase haholo ho feta a khanya e tobileng ka lebaka la coefficient e kholo ea ho monya le nako e telele ea optical.tsela e nyane.Ka hona, leseli le tobileng le ne le laola boikemisetso ba ho monya (LOP = LC) 'me AEF e ne e bolokiloe kamehla ho ~ 7.0. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha monya-coefficient e fokotsehile ka ho fokotseha ha khatello ea enke (mohlala, mahloriso a amanang le <1.28 × 10-5), matla a khanya ea zigzag a eketseha ka potlako ho feta khanya e otlolohileng ebe joale leseli la zigzag le qala ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha monya-coefficient e fokotsehile ka ho fokotseha ha khatello ea enke (mohlala, mahloriso a amanang le <1.28 × 10-5), matla a khanya ea zigzag a eketseha ka potlako ho feta khanya e otlolohileng ebe joale leseli la zigzag le qala ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Напротив, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относительная концентраций 5×5), <br> загообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем у прямого света, и затем начинает играть зигзагообразный свет. Ho e-na le hoo, ha coefficient ea ho monya e fokotseha ka ho fokotseha ha khatello ea enke (mohlala, mahloriso a lekanyelitsoeng <1.28 × 10-5), matla a khanya ea zigzag a eketseha ka potlako ho feta a leseli le tobileng, ebe leseli la zigzag le qala ho bapala.karolo ea bohlokoa ho feta.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5嗉着增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色。相反 , 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 , 相关 浓度 1 × 1 ×字形光 的 强度 比 增加 得 更 , 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一 个 重要 重要 重要 重要色. И наоборот, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответствупую концен81×1, 11,51,51,51,51,5,5,11,5,5,5,5,5,8,1,1. зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем прямого, и тогда зигзагообразный свет начинает играть более важную роль. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha coefficient ea ho monya e fokotseha ka ho fokotseha ha khatello ea enke (mohlala, mahloriso a tšoanang <1.28 × 10-5), matla a khanya ea zigzag a eketseha ka potlako ho feta leseli le tobileng, ebe leseli la zigzag le qala ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo.motho ea phethang karolo.Ka hona, ka lebaka la tsela ea sawtooth optical (LOP »LC), AEF e ka eketseha ho feta 7.0.Litšobotsi tse nepahetseng tsa phetisetso ea leseli tsa MWC li ka fumaneha ho sebelisoa mohopolo oa waveguide mode.
Ntle le ho ntlafatsa tsela ea optical, ho feto-fetoha ha sampuli ka potlako ho boetse ho tlatsetsa meeling ea ho lemoha e tlaase haholo.Ka lebaka la palo e nyane ea MCC (0.16 ml), nako e hlokahalang ea ho chencha le ho fetola tharollo ho MCC e ka ba tlase ho metsotsoana e 20.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 5, boleng bo fokolang bo ka bonoang ba AMWC (2.5 × 10-4) ke makhetlo a 4 ho feta Acuvette (1.0 × 10-3).Ho fetoha ka potlako ha tharollo e phallang ka capillary ho fokotsa phello ea lerata la tsamaiso (mohlala, ho hoholeha) ho nepahala ha phapang ea ho monya ha ho bapisoa le tharollo ea ho boloka ka har'a cuvette.Ka mohlala, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.3(b)-(d), ΔV e ka khetholloa habonolo ho lets'oao la ho hoholeha ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha sampole ka potlako ka har'a capillary e nyane.
Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 2, mefuta e mengata ea litharollo tsa tsoekere mefuteng e fapaneng e lokisitsoe ho sebelisoa DI H2O joalo ka mokelikeli.Lisampole tse silafetseng kapa tse se nang letho li ile tsa lokisoa ka ho kopanya tharollo ea tsoekere kapa metsi a hloekisitsoeng ka tharollo ea chromogenic ea glucose oxidase (GOD) le peroxidase (POD) 37 ka tekanyo e tsitsitseng ea bophahamo ba 3: 1, ka ho latellana.Ka feiga.8 e bonts'a linepe tsa optical tsa disampole tse robong (S2-S10) tse nang le tsoekere e tsoang ho 2.0 mM (ka ho le letšehali) ho isa ho 5.12 nM (ka ho le letona).Bofubelu bo fokotseha ka ho fokotseha ha khatello ea tsoekere.
Liphetho tsa litekanyo tsa disampole 4, 9, le 10 tse nang le fotometer e thehiloeng ho MWC li bonts'itsoe ho Feiga.9(a)-(c), ka ho latellana.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.9(c), tekanyo ea ΔV e fetoha e fokolang 'me butle-butle e eketseha nakong ea tekanyo ha 'mala oa GOD-POD reagent ka boeona (esita le ntle le ho kenya glucose) o fetoha butle-butle khanyeng.Kahoo, litekanyo tse latellanang tsa ΔV li ke ke tsa phetoa bakeng sa lisampole tse nang le khatello ea tsoekere e ka tlase ho 5.12 nM (sampole ea 10), hobane ha ΔV e nyane ka ho lekaneng, ho se tsitse ha reagent ea GOD-POD ho ke ke ha hlola ho hlokomolohuoa.Ka hona, moeli oa ho lemoha tharollo ea tsoekere ke 5.12 nM, leha boleng ba ΔV bo lekanang (0.52 µV) bo le boholo haholo ho feta boleng ba lerata (0.03 µV), ho bonts'a hore ΔV e nyane e ntse e ka bonoa.Moeli ona oa ho lemoha o ka ntlafatsoa le ho feta ka ho sebelisa li-reagents tse tsitsitseng haholoanyane tsa chromogenic.
(a) Liphetho tsa litekanyo tsa sampole 4, (b) sampole 9, le (c) sampole 10 ho sebelisoa photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC.
Monyetla oa AMWC o ka baloa ho sebelisoa litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa Vcolor, Vblank le Vdark.Bakeng sa photodetector e nang le phaello ea 105 Vdark ke -0,068 μV.Litekanyo tsa disampole kaofela li ka beoa ho thepa ea tlatsetso.Ha ho bapisoa, lisampole tsa tsoekere le tsona li ile tsa lekanyetsoa ka spectrophotometer mme monyetla o lekantsoeng oa Acuvette o fihlile moeling oa ho lemoha oa 0.64 µM (sampole 7) joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 10.
Kamano pakeng tsa ho monya le ho tsepamisa mohopolo e hlahisoa ho Setšoantšo sa 11. Ka photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC, ntlafatso ea makhetlo a 125 moeling oa ho lemoha e fihletsoe ha e bapisoa le spectrophotometer e thehiloeng ho cuvette.Ntlafatso ena e tlase ho feta tlhahlobo ea enke e khubelu ka lebaka la botsitso bo bobe ba reagent ea GOD-POD.Keketseho e se nang moeli ea ho monya maemong a tlase le eona e ile ea bonoa.
Photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC e ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ho lemoha lisampole tsa metsi.Tsela ea optical e ka eketsoa haholo, 'me e telele ho feta bolelele ba' mele ba MWC, hobane leseli le hasantsoeng ke marako a tšepe a boreleli a ka ba teng ka har'a capillary ho sa tsotelehe hore na ketsahalo e kae.Maemo a ka tlase ho 5.12 nM a ka finyelloa ho sebelisoa li-reagents tse tloaelehileng tsa GOD-POD ka lebaka la amplification e ncha e sa tloaelehang ea optical le ho fetola sampole ka potlako le ho lemoha tsoekere.Photometer ena e kopaneng le e theko e tlase e tla sebelisoa haholo mahlaleng a bophelo le ho lekola tikoloho bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea morao-rao.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1, photometer e thehiloeng ho MWC e na le MWC e bolelele ba 7 cm (bophara bo ka hare ba 1.7 mm, bophara ba ka ntle ba 3.18 mm, EP class electropolished ka hare, SUS316L capillary ea tšepe e sa hloekang), 505 nm wavelength LED (Thorlabs M505M505F6be), le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa P505F6be (Thorlabs M505F6be). DB450C) le lihokelo tse peli tsa T bakeng sa puisano ea optical le mokelikeli kahare / kantle.Sehokelo sa T se entsoe ka ho tlama poleiti ea quartz e bonaletsang ho phapu ea PMMA eo ho eona MWC le Peek tubes (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) li kenngoa ka thata le ho khomaretsoa.Valve ea litsela tse tharo e hokahaneng le Pike inlet tube e sebelisoa ho fetola sampole e kenang.Photodetector e ka fetola matla a optical a amohetse P hore e be pontšo ea motlakase e matlafalitsoeng N× V (moo V / P = 1.0 V / W ho 1550 nm, phaello ea N e ka fetoloa ka letsoho ka har'a mefuta ea 103-107).Bakeng sa bokhutšoanyane, V e sebelisoa sebakeng sa N× V e le lets'oao la tlhahiso.
Ha ho bapisoa, khoebo ea spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series) e nang le R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) e nang le sele ea cuvette ea 1.0 cm e ile ea boela ea sebelisoa ho lekanya ho monya ha lisampole tsa mokelikeli.
Sebaka se ka hare sa sehiloeng sa MWC se ile sa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa profil ea optical surface (ZYGO New View 5022) e nang le qeto e otlolohileng le ea lateral ea 0.1 nm le 0.11 µm, ka ho latellana.
Lik'hemik'hale tsohle (tekanyo ea ho hlahloba, ha ho na ho hloekisoa ho eketsehileng) li ile tsa rekoa ho Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea Glucose li kenyelletsa glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine le phenol, joalo-joalo Tharollo ea chromogenic e ne e lokiselitsoe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa GOD-POD 37.
Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 2, mefuta e mengata ea litharollo tsa tsoekere maemong a fapaneng li ile tsa lokisoa ho sebelisoa DI H2O joalo ka mokelikeli ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa serial dilution (sheba Supplementary Materials bakeng sa lintlha).Lokisetsa lisampole tse silafetseng kapa tse se nang letho ka ho kopanya tharollo ea tsoekere kapa metsi a hloekisitsoeng ka tharollo ea chromogenic ka tekanyo e tsitsitseng ea bophahamo ba 3: 1, ka ho latellana.Mehlala eohle e ne e bolokiloe ho 37 ° C e sirelelitsoe khanyeng bakeng sa metsotso ea 10 pele ho tekanyo.Ka mokhoa oa GOD-POD, lisampole tse silafetseng li fetoha tse khubelu ka boholo ba ho monya ho 505 nm, 'me ho monya ho batla ho lekana le khatello ea tsoekere.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 1, letoto la litharollo tsa enke e khubelu (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China) li ile tsa lokisoa ka mokhoa oa serial dilution o sebelisa DI H2O joalo ka mokelikeli.
Mokhoa oa ho qotsa sengoloa sena: Bai, M. et al.Compact Photometer e ipapisitse le li-capillaries tsa waveguide tsa tšepe: bakeng sa qeto ea likhakanyo tsa nanomolar tsa tsoekere.saense.5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
Moaparo, P. & Franke, H. Ho eketsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea mokelikeli le taolo ea boleng ba pH ho sebelisa mokelikeli-core waveguide. Moaparo, P. & Franke, H. Ho eketsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea mokelikeli le taolo ea boleng ba pH ho sebelisa mokelikeli-core waveguide.Dress, P. and Franke, H. Ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea mokelikeli le taolo ea pH ka mokelikeli oa mantlha oa waveguide. Dress, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和pH 值控制的准确性。 Dress, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和pHDress, P. le Franke, H. Ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea mokelikeli le taolo ea pH ho sebelisa li-waveguides tsa metsi.Fetohela ho mahlale.metara.68, 2167–2171 (1997).
Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Boikemisetso bo tsoelang pele ba colorimetric ba trace ammonium metsing a leoatle a nang le sele e telele ea metsi a maqhubu a capillary. Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Boikemisetso bo tsoelang pele ba colorimetric ba trace ammonium metsing a leoatle a nang le sele e telele ea metsi a maqhubu a capillary.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ le Hansel, DA Boikemisetso bo tsoelang pele ba colorimetric ba ho sala morao palo ea ammonium metsing a leoatle ho sebelisa sele ea capillary e nang le waveguide ea metsi. Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA 用长程液体波导毛细管连续比色测定海水中的痕量铵。 Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ le Hansel, DA Boikemisetso bo tsoelang pele ba colorimetric ba ho sala morao palo ea ammonium metsing a leoatle ho sebelisoa li-capillari tsa maqhubu a metsi a nako e telele.Khemistri ka March.96, 73–85 (2005).
Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Tlhahlobo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea morao-rao ea sele ea capillary ea waveguide ka har'a mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho phallo ho matlafatsa kutlo ea mekhoa ea ho lemoha spectroscopic. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Tlhahlobo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea morao-rao ea sele ea capillary ea waveguide ka har'a mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho phallo ho matlafatsa kutlo ea mekhoa ea ho lemoha spectroscopic.Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV le Rangel, AOSS Tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetso tsa morao-rao tsa sele ea capillary ea waveguide ea metsi ka mekhoa ea ho hlahloba phallo ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea mekhoa ea ho lemoha spectroscopic. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS的灵敏度. Páscoa, rnmj, tóth, IV & rangel, aoss 回顾 液体 毛细管 单元 在 基于 的分析 技术 中 的 最术 中 的 最术 的 最术 的 最术 。灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏序 灵敏度度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV le Rangel, AOSS Tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetso tsa morao-rao tsa lisele tsa capillary tsa waveguide tsa metsi ka mekhoa ea ho hlahloba e thehiloeng ho phallo ho matlafatsa kutloisiso ea mekhoa ea ho lemoha spectroscopic.anus.Cheme.Molao 739, 1-13 (2012).
Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Patlisiso ea botenya ba lifilimi tsa Ag, AgI ka capillary bakeng sa li-waveguides tse sekoti. Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Patlisiso ea botenya ba lifilimi tsa Ag, AgI ka capillary bakeng sa li-waveguides tse sekoti.Wen T., Gao J., Zhang J., Bian B. le Shen J. Patlisiso ea botenya ba lifilimi Ag, AgI in capillary for hollow waveguides. Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. 中空波导毛细管中Ag、AgI 薄膜厚度的研究。 Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Lipatlisiso ka botenya ba filimi e tšesaane ea Ag le AgI ka duct ea moea.Wen T., Gao J., Zhang J., Bian B. le Shen J. Patlisiso ea botenya ba filimi e tšesaane Ag, AgI ka har'a li-capillaries tsa waveguide tse sekoti.Fisiks ea infrared.theknoloji 42, 501–508 (2001).
Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Qeto ea likhakanyo tsa nanomolar tsa phosphate metsing a tlhaho a sebelisa ente ea phallo e nang le bolelele ba tsela e telele ea waveguide capillary cell le solid-state spectrophotometric discovery. Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Qeto ea likhakanyo tsa nanomolar tsa phosphate metsing a tlhaho a sebelisa ente ea phallo e nang le bolelele ba tsela e telele ea waveguide capillary cell le solid-state spectrophotometric discovery.Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM le Worsfold, PJ Qeto ea likhakanyo tsa nanomolar phosphate metsing a tlhaho a sebelisa ente ea phallo e nang le sele ea capillary ea waveguide le ho lemoha spectrophotometric ea boemo bo tiileng. Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ的磷酸盐. Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Qeto ea khatello ea phosphate metsing a tlhaho a sebelisa seringe ea metsi le tube ea nako e telele ea waveguide capillary.Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM le Worsfold, PJ Qeto ea nanomolar phosphate metsing a tlhaho a sebelisa phallo ea ente le capillary waveguide e nang le tsela e telele ea optical le ho lemoha spectrophotometric ea boemo bo tiileng.Taranta 71, 1624-1628 (2007).
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