I-Welding steel stainless steel idinga ukukhethwa kwegesi yokukhusela ukugcina ukubunjwa kwayo kwesinyithi kunye neempawu ezihambelanayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zegesi zokukhusela igesi yensimbi engenasici ziquka i-argon, i-helium, i-oksijini, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-hydrogen (jonga umfanekiso 1) .
Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal conductivity yensimbi engenasici kunye nemeko "ebandayo" yokudluliselwa kwegesi ye-arc welding ye-short-circuit (GMAW), inkqubo ifuna "i-tri-mix" yegesi equkethe i-85% ukuya kwi-90% ye-helium (He), ukuya kwi-10% yeArgon (Ar) kunye ne-2% ukuya kwi-5% ye-CO2 ye-carbon oxide / i-2% i-dioxide ye-2% eqhelekileyo (i-5% ye-carbon dioxide / i-2%). , kunye ne-2-1 / 2% CO2.Ikhono eliphezulu le-ionization ye-helium ikhuthaza i-arcing emva kwesiphaluka esifutshane;idityaniswe ne-conductivity yayo ephezulu ye-thermal, ukusetyenziswa Ukwandisa i-fluidity ye-pool etyhidiweyo.I-Ar component ye-Trimix ibonelela ngokukhusela ngokubanzi kwi-puddle weld, ngelixa i-CO2 isebenza njengecandelo elisebenzayo lokuzinzisa i-arc (jonga i-Figure 2 malunga nendlela iigesi ezikhuselayo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngayo iprofayili ye-weld bead).
Eminye imixube ye-ternary ingasebenzisa i-oksijini njenge-stabilizer, ngelixa abanye basebenzisa umxube we-He / CO2 / N2 ukufezekisa umphumo ofanayo.Abanye abasabalalisi begesi banemibhobho yegesi eyi-proprietary enika inzuzo ethenjisiweyo.Abathengisi baphinda bancome ezi zixube kwezinye iindlela zokuhambisa kunye nomphumo ofanayo.
Eyona mpazamo inkulu abavelisi benza kuzama i-short-circuit GMAW steel stainless kunye nomxube wegesi efanayo (75 Ar / 25 CO2) njengentsimbi ethambileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuba abafuni ukulawula i-cylinder eyongezelelweyo. Lo mxube uqulethe i-carbon eninzi. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na igesi ekhuselayo esetyenziselwa ucingo oluqinileyo kufuneka iqulethe ubuninzi be-5% ye-carbon dioxide. ngaphantsi kwe-0.03%).Ikhabhoni egqithisileyo kwigesi ekhuselayo inokwenza i-chromium carbides, enciphisa ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye neempawu zemishini.I-soot inokuvela kwakhona kwi-weld surface.
Njengenqaku elisecaleni, xa ukhetha iintsimbi zokunciphisa i-GMAW ye-300 series alloys baseal (308, 309, 316, 347), abavelisi kufuneka bakhethe i-LSi grade.LSi fillers inomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni (0.02%) kwaye ngoko ke iyacetyiswa ngokukodwa xa kukho umngcipheko we-corrosion ye-intergranular. enzwaneni.
Abavelisi kufuneka balumke xa besebenzisa iinkqubo zokudlulisa i-short-circuit.Ukuhlanganiswa okungaphelelanga kunokubangela ngenxa yokucima i-arc, ukwenza inkqubo iphantsi kwezicelo ezibalulekileyo.Kwiimeko zomthamo ophezulu, ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinokuxhasa igalelo layo lobushushu (≥ 1/16 intshi imalunga neyona nto i-thinnest i-welded usebenzisa i-pulse spray mode), i-pulseld spray ikhetha indawo yokutshiza, i-material ethandwayo yokutshiza i-pulseld, i-GW ikhetha indawo yokutshiza. njengoko ibonelela ngokudityaniswa okuhambelanayo.
Ezi ndlela zokudlulisa ubushushu obuphezulu azifuni ukuba Ukhusela i-gas.Ukwenzela i-welding yokutshiza ye-300 series alloys, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo yi-98% Ar kunye ne-2% yezinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-CO2 okanye i-O2.Eminye imixube yegesi inokuthi iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-N2.N2 linamandla aphezulu e-ionization kunye ne-thermal conductivity, ekhuthaza ukumanzisa kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza;kwakhona kunciphisa ukugqwetheka.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-pulsed spray GMAW, i-100% Ar ingaba yinto eyamkelekileyo.
I-pool etyhidiweyo iyacotha kwi-ferritic stainless steels kunye ne-duplex stainless steels (50/50 ratio ye-ferrite ukuya kwi-austenite) .Kwi-alloys, umxube wegesi onjenge ~ 70% Ar / ~ 30% He / 2% CO2 iya kukhuthaza ukumanzisa okungcono kunye nokwandisa isantya sokuhamba (jonga umfanekiso 3) . umphezulu (umzekelo, ukongeza i-2% ye-CO2 okanye i-O2 yanele ukunyusa umxholo we-oxide, ngoko ke abavelisi kufuneka baphephe okanye balungele ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kubo).I-Abrasive ngenxa yokuba ezi oxides ziqinile kangangokuba ibrashi yocingo idla ngokungazisusi).
Abavelisi basebenzisa iingcingo zensimbi ezingenasici ze-flux-cored kwi-welding ye-out-of-situ ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ye-slag kule micingo inikezela "kwishelufu" exhasa i-weld pool njengoko iqinisa.Ngenxa yokuba ukubunjwa kwe-flux kunciphisa imiphumo ye-CO2, i-flux-cored stainless steel wire yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye ne-75% ye-CO2 ye-CO2% ye-CO2 kunye ne-2W% yomxube we-CO2 ne-2W . ucingo lunokubiza ngaphezulu kweponti nganye, kuyafaneleka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba isantya esiphezulu se-welding yendawo yonke kunye namazinga okubeka kunokunciphisa iindleko ze-welding jikelele.Ukongezelela, i-wire-cored wire isebenzisa i-voltage ye-DC yesiqhelo eqhubekayo, okwenza inkqubo ye-welding esisiseko ingabizi kakhulu kwaye ingabinzima kakhulu kuneenkqubo ze-GMAW ze-pulsed.
Kwii-alloys ze-300 kunye ne-400 ze-series, i-100% i-Ar ihlala iyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhetha i-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) .Ngexesha le-GTAW yezinye ii-alloys ze-nickel, ngokukodwa ngeenkqubo ezixutywe ngoomatshini, amanani amancinci e-hydrogen (ukuya kwi-5%) anokongezwa ukunyusa isantya sokuhamba (qaphela ukuba ngokungafaniyo ne-carbon steels, i-nickel alloys ye-hydrogen ayinakuqhekeka).
Kwi-welding superduplex kunye ne-superduplex steels stainless, i-98% Ar / 2% N2 kunye ne-98% Ar / 3% N2 zikhetho ezilungileyo, ngokulandelanayo.I-Helium inokongezwa kwakhona ukuphucula ukumanzisa malunga ne-30%.Xa welding super duplex okanye i-super duplex stainless steels, injongo kukuvelisa i-joint of the balanced of the balanced of the balanced 50% ye-aurricaite ye-microstructure kunye ne-microstructure ye-50% elinganayo. ye-microstructure ixhomekeke kwizinga lokupholisa, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-TIG weld pool ipholisa ngokukhawuleza, i-ferrite engaphezulu ihleli xa kusetyenziswa i-100% Ar.
Insimbi engenasici idinga ukukhusela omabini amacala okudibanisa ukuvelisa i-weld egqityiweyo kunye ne-corrosion resistance.
Ukufakwa kweempundu eziqinileyo ezinomgangatho obalaseleyo okanye isiqulatho esiqinileyo ngasemva kwesifakelo sinokungadingi inkxaso yegesi. Apha, umba ophambili kukuthintela ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo kwendawo echaphazeleke bubushushu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweoksidi, nto leyo efuna ukususwa ngoomatshini. Ngokobuchwephesha, ukuba iqondo lobushushu ngasemva lidlula i-500 degrees Fahrenhelding, indlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-Fahrenheit ye-0 iyimfuneko kangakanani, i-Fahrenheit ye-0 iyimfuneko ngakumbi. I-renheit njenge-threshold.Ngokunqwenelekayo, uxhaso kufuneka lube ngaphantsi kwe-30 PPM O2.Okungafaniyo kukuba umva we-weld uya kugotywa, ucolwe kwaye udityaniswe ukuphumeza i-weld yokungena ngokupheleleyo.
Iigesi ezimbini ezixhasayo ezikhethiweyo zi-N2 (ixabiso eliphantsi) kunye ne-Ar (ixabiso elingaphezulu) .Kwiindibano ezincinci okanye xa imithombo ye-Ar ifumaneka ngokulula, ingaba lula ngakumbi ukusebenzisa le gesi kwaye ingafanelanga ukugcinwa kwe-N2. Ukuya kwi-5% ye-hydrogen inokongezwa ukunciphisa i-oxidation.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendlela zorhwebo zikhoyo, kodwa inkxaso eyenziwe ekhaya kunye namadama okucoca aqhelekileyo.
Ukongezwa kwe-10.5% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-chromium yinto enika insimbi engenasici.Ukugcina ezi zakhiwo kufuna ubuchule obuhle ekukhetheni igesi echanekileyo yokukhusela i-welding kunye nokukhusela umva we-joint.Stainless steel zibiza kakhulu, kwaye kukho izizathu ezilungileyo zokuyisebenzisa.Akukho ngongoma ekuzameni ukusika iikona xa kuziwa kule mveliso ye-shielding okanye i-gas yokukhetha i-gas yolwazi, i-gas isoloko isenza ingqiqo. umsabalalisi kunye nengcali yentsimbi yokuzalisa xa ukhetha igesi kunye nentsimbi yokuzalisa i-welding steel stainless.
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