Ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo uthuli kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiivenkile ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi.Ngezantsi ziimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo ngabaphathi beevenkile ezincinci nabaphakathi malunga nolawulo lomgangatho womoya.Getty Images
I-Welding, i-plasma cutting, kunye ne-laser cutting ivelisa i-fumes, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-fumes, equkethe amasuntswana othuli omoya owenziwe yinto encinci eyomileyo eqinile.Olu thuli lunokunciphisa umgangatho womoya, luphazamise amehlo okanye ulusu, lonakalisa imiphunga, kwaye lube yingozi xa luhlala phezu komhlaba.
Umsi wokulungisa usenokuba ne-lead oxide, i-iron oxide, i-nickel, i-manganese, ubhedu, i-chromium, i-cadmium kunye ne-zinc oxide.
Ukulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kothuli kunye nomsi kwindawo yokusebenzela kubalulekile kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bakho, izixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo.Eyona ndlela ingcono yokubamba uthuli kukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqokelela eyisusa emoyeni, ikhuphe ngaphandle, kwaye ibuyisele umoya ococekileyo ngaphakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula uthuli ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiivenkile ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi ngenxa yeendleko kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziya kuzama ukulawula uthuli kunye nomsi ngokwabo, becinga ukuba iivenkile zabo azifuni inkqubo yokuqokelela uthuli.
Nokuba usaqala okanye ubuneshishini iminyaka emininzi, unokuba nomdla kwiimpendulo kwimibuzo ehlala ibuzwa ngabaphathi beevenkile ezincinci nabaphakathi malunga nolawulo lomgangatho womoya.
Okokuqala, ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza umngcipheko wezempilo kunye nesicwangciso sokunciphisa.Ngokomzekelo, uvavanyo lococeko lwezoshishino luya kukunceda ukuchonga izinto ezinobungozi eluthulini kwaye unqume amanqanaba okuvezwa.Olu vavanyo kufuneka lubandakanye ukuvavanya indawo yakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuba udibana noKhuseleko lwezeMisebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA) IMida evumelekileyo yokuVeza (PELs) kwiintlobo zothuli eziveliswa sisicelo sakho.
Buza umthengisi wakho wezixhobo zokukhupha uthuli ukuba banokucebisa ucoceko lwemizi-mveliso okanye ifemu yobunjineli yokusingqongileyo enamava ekuchongeni uthuli kunye nomsi okhethekileyo kwizibonelelo zokusebenza zesinyithi.
Ukuba uphinda ujikeleze umoya ococekileyo ubuyele kwindawo yakho, qiniseka ukuba uhlala ngaphantsi kwemida yokusebenza ebekwe yi-OSHA PEL yokungcola.
Ekugqibeleni, xa uyila inkqubo yakho yokukhupha uthuli, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba udala indawo yokusebenzela ekhuselekileyo ngokuhambelana ne-Cs ezintathu zokutsalwa kothuli kunye nokususwa komsi: ukubamba, ukuhambisa, kunye nokukhusela.
Lo ngumzekelo wekhatriji yokuqokelela uthuli lweshishini ebekwe ngaphandle kwendawo yokuwelda.Umfanekiso: Camfil APC
Inkqubo yokuqokelela uthuli eyenzelwe ukusebenza kwakho lulawulo lobunjineli olungqiniweyo nolungqiniweyo olubamba, luhambise kwaye luqulethe izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziyingozi. Abaqokeleli bothuli beendaba ezomileyo ezineefilitha eziphezulu zekhatriji kunye nezihluzi zesibini zifanelekile ukubamba amasuntswana othuli oluphefumlayo.
Iinkqubo zokubamba umthombo zithandwa kakhulu kwizicelo ezibandakanya i-welding yamacandelo amancinci kunye nezixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zibandakanya imipu yokukhupha umphunga (iingcebiso zokufunxa), iingalo zokukhupha eziguquguqukayo, kunye ne-slotted fume hoods okanye i-fume extraction hoods kunye nezikhuselo zecala.
Iindawo ezivaliweyo kunye ne-canopy zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinamacala angama-20 ngeenyawo ze-robos, zinokusebenza kwi-robots ye-robos, isebenza kwi-robots yerobhothi kunye neerobhothi ezininzi.
Xa isicelo sakho singahambelani neziphakamiso ezichazwe ngaphambili, inkqubo yokusingqongileyo inokuqulunqwa ukuba isuse umsi kuninzi, ukuba awukho yonke indawo.Khumbula ukuba njengoko uhamba ukusuka ekubanjweni komthombo, i-enclosure kunye ne-hood ukuya kwiqoqo le-ambient, ukuhamba komoya okufunekayo kwandisa kakhulu, njengoko kwenza ixabiso lexabiso lenkqubo.
Iivenkile ezininzi ezincinci kunye neziphakathi zivame ukusabela kuphela emva kokuzama ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulondoloza imali ze-DIY, ezifana nokuvula iingcango kunye neefestile kunye nokudala iinkqubo zabo zokukhupha, ukulawula umsi.
Into yokuqala okufuneka uyenze kukufumanisa apho iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zenzeke kwindawo yakho.Le nto ingaba yimfucu yetafile yeplasma, i-freehand arc gouging, okanye i-welding kwi-workbench.Ukusuka apho, jongana nenkqubo evelisa umsi omningi kuqala.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa ukuchaswa kwabasebenzi kwimiphunga eyingozi kukusebenza kunye nomvelisi wokuqokelela uthuli olusemgangathweni onokukunceda ukuba uchonge kwaye wenze inkqubo yesiko kwindawo yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubandakanya ukufakela inkqubo yokuqokelela uthuli kunye nesihlunu se-cartridge esisiseko kunye ne-high-effective high-effective secondary security filter.
Imithombo yokucoca ephambili oyikhethayo kwisicelo ngasinye kufuneka isekelwe kubungakanani bamasuntswana othuli, iimpawu zokuqukuqela, ubuninzi kunye nokuhanjiswa.Izihluzo zesibini zokubeka iliso zokhuseleko, ezifana nezihluzo ze-HEPA, zandise ukusebenza kakuhle kokubanjwa kwamasuntswana ukuya kwi-0.3 microns okanye ngaphezulu (ukubamba ipesenti ephezulu ye-PM1) kwaye kuthintele umsi onobungozi ukuba ukhululwe emoyeni xa kukho ukusilela kokucoca okuphambili.
Ukuba sele unenkqubo yokulawula umsi, jonga ngononophelo ivenkile yakho kwiimeko ezibonisa ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle.Ezinye iimpawu ezilumkisayo ziquka:
Qaphela amafu omsi ajiyileyo kwaye ajinga emoyeni imini yonke emva komcimbi wakho we-welding.Nangona kunjalo, ukufumba komsi omkhulu akuthethi ukuba inkqubo yakho yokutsalwa ayisebenzi kakuhle, oko kunokuthetha ukuba ugqithise ubuchule benkqubo yakho yangoku.Ukuba usanda kwandisa imveliso, unokufuna ukuphinda uhlaziye ukuseta kwakho kwangoku kwaye wenze utshintsho ukulungiselela ukwandisa umsebenzi.
Ulawulo olululo lothuli kunye nomsi lubalulekile kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bakho, izixhobo kunye nendawo yokusebenzela.
Okokugqibela, kusoloko kubalulekile ukumamela, ukujonga, kunye nokubuza abasebenzi bakho. Bangakwazisa ukuba ulawulo lwakho lobunjineli lwangoku lulawula ngokufanelekileyo uthuli kwiziko lakho kwaye bacebise iindawo zokuphucula.
Imithetho ye-OSHA yamashishini amancinci ingaba nzima, ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekwazini ukuba yiyiphi imigaqo omele uyilandele kwaye yeyiphi oye wakhululwa kuyo.Kaninzi, izitolo ezincinci zicinga ukuba zinokuhamba phantsi kwe-radar yemimiselo ye-OSHA-de kube yilapho umqeshwa ekhalaza.Masicace: Ukungahoywa kwemimiselo akuphelisi iingozi zempilo yabasebenzi.
Ngokutsho kweSiqendu 5 (a) (1) ye-OSHA's General Responsibility Provider, abaqeshi kufuneka bachonge kwaye banciphise iingozi zendawo yokusebenza.Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi ezichonga zonke iingozi (uthuli) oluveliswa kwiindawo zabo.Ukuba uthuli luvutha kwaye luqhuma, ulawulo lothuli kufuneka luqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yeSizwe soMlilo, ukuba ayifuni irekhodi yoKhuselo loMlilo.
I-OSHA iphinda ibeke imilinganiselo ye-PEL yezinto ezingcolileyo zomoya ezivela kwi-welding kunye ne-metalworking.Ezi PELs zisekelwe kwi-8 yeyure-ixesha elilinganiselweyo elilinganisiweyo lamakhulu othuli, kubandakanywa nezo ziqulethwe kwi-welding kunye ne-metalworking fumes ezidweliswe kwi-Annotated PEL table.Xa uhlolo lokuqala lomoya lubonisa iimfuno zabaqhubi be-exposure phantsi kwamanqanaba omsebenzi we-OSHA ukuphumeza amanqanaba omsebenzi ofunekayo.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, umsi unokucaphukisa amehlo kunye nolusu.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqaphele iziphumo ezinobuthi.
I-Particulate matter (PM) kunye nobubanzi be-microns ze-10 okanye ngaphantsi (≤ PM10) inokufikelela kwindlela yokuphefumula, ngelixa iinqununu ze-2.5 microns okanye ngaphantsi (≤ PM2.5) zingangena nzulu kwimiphunga.
Ukuvezwa rhoqo kwi-PM kwandisa umngcipheko wezifo zokuphefumula, kubandakanywa nomhlaza wemiphunga.Amasuntswana amaninzi avela kwi-welding kunye nokusebenza kwesinyithi awela ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lwengozi, kwaye ubume kunye nobukhulu bengozi buya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwezinto ezicutshungulwayo.Ukuba usebenzisa insimbi engenasici, insimbi epholileyo, i-aluminium, i-galvanized, okanye ezinye izinto, iipahti zedatha yokhuseleko lwezinto ezibonakalayo ziyimpawu ezilungileyo zokukhusela idatha.
IManganese sesona sinyithi siphambili kucingo lokuwelda kwaye inokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, ukungabi naludwe kunye nobuthathaka.Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumsi wemanganese kunokubangela iingxaki zemithambo-luvo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-chromium enehexavalent (i-hexavalent chromium), i-carcinogen eveliswa ngexesha le-welding ye-chromium-containing metals, inokubangela ukugula kwexesha elifutshane lokuphefumla kunye nokucaphuka kwamehlo okanye ulusu.
I-Zinc oxide evela ekusebenzeni okushushu kwentsimbi enamazimba inokubangela i-metal fume fever, isigulo sexesha elifutshane esineempawu eziqatha ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kokuphuma emsebenzini, njengeempelaveki okanye emva kweeholide.
Ukuba sele unenkqubo yokulawula umsi, jonga ivenkile yakho ngononophelo iimeko ezibonisa ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle, njengamafu omsi aphuphumayo imini yonke.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuvezwa kwe-beryllium zingabandakanya ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukukhohlela, ukudinwa, ukunciphisa umzimba, umkhuhlane, kunye nokubila ebusuku.
Kwi-welding kunye nemisebenzi yokusika i-thermal, inkqubo yokukhupha uthuli eyenzelwe kakuhle kwaye igcinwe ikhusela iingxaki zokuphefumula kubasebenzi kwaye igcina izibonelelo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zangoku zomoya.
Ewe.Umoya ozele ngumsi unokugquma oomatshini bokutshisa ubushushu kunye neekhoyili zokupholisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iinkqubo zeHVAC zifune ukugcinwa rhoqo.Imiphunga ye-Welding inokungena kwizihluzi eziqhelekileyo ze-HVAC, ibangele ukuba iinkqubo zokufudumeza zingaphumeleli kwaye zivale iikhoyili zokupholisa umoya.
Umgaqo olula kodwa obalulekileyo wokhuseleko kukubuyisela isihluzo sothuli phambi kokuba sibe sininzi. Faka indawo yokucoca ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
Ezinye izihluzi zekhatriji zobomi obude zinokusebenza iminyaka emibini okanye ngaphezulu phakathi kweenguqu.Nangona kunjalo, izicelo ezinothuli olunzima zihlala zifuna utshintsho oluthe gqolo lokucoca.
Ukukhetha isihluzo sokutshintsha esilungileyo somqokeleli wekhatriji yakho kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu kumaxabiso kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo. Lumka xa uthenga izihluzi ezifakela umqokeleli wekhatriji yakho - ayizizo zonke izihluzi ezifanayo.
Rhoqo, abathengi baxinga ngexabiso elingcono.Noko ke, ixabiso loluhlu ayisosona sikhokelo sokuthenga isihluzo sekhatriji.
Ngokubanzi, ukukhusela wena kunye nabasebenzi bakho ngenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqokelela uthuli kuya kuhamba indlela ende ekuncedeni ishishini lakho elincinci ukuya kweliphakathi liphumelele.
I-WELDER, eyayisakuba yi-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bokwenene abenza iimveliso esizisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngazo yonke imihla.Eli phephancwadi liye lanceda abantu baseMntla Merika iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-digital edition ye-FABRICATOR, ufikelelo olulula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zeshishini.
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Yonwabela ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-digital edition ye-STAMPING Journal, ebonelela ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, ezona ndlela zintle kunye neendaba zeshishini lentengiso yesitampu sesinyithi.
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