Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor womfanekiso oqingqiweyo weSango leLifu eMillennium Park yaseChicago kukuba ufana nemekyuri elulwelo, ebonisa ngaphandle komthungo isixeko esisingqongileyo.
“Into ebendifuna ukuyenza eMillennium Park kukwenza into eza kungena kwisibhakabhaka saseChicago… ukuze abantu babone amafu edada kuyo kunye nezo zakhiwo zide kakhulu zibonakaliswa emsebenzini.Ngoko, Ngenxa yendlela emile ngayo emnyango, lowo uthabatha inxaxheba, abaphulaphuli, baya kukwazi ukungena kweli gumbi linzulu gqitha, ngendlela elenza into efanayo emfanekisweni womntu njengoko umphandle womsebenzi usenza kwimbonakaliso yezinto zesixeko esisingqongileyo.”-igcisa laseBritani elaziwayo kwihlabathi u-Anish Kapoor, umkroli we-Cloud Gate
Ukujonga indawo ezolileyo yalo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo wentsimbi engenakutyiwa, kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba ingakanani na intsimbi nesibindi esilele phantsi komphezulu wayo. ISango leCloud lifihla amabali angaphezu kwe-100 abenzi bentsimbi, abasiki bentsimbi, abawelder, abalungisi, iinjineli, amagcisa, abasebenzi bentsimbi, abafakeli kunye nabaphathi—kuyo yonke iminyaka emihlanu.
Abaninzi basebenza ixesha elingaphezulu, benza umsebenzi we-workshop phakathi kobusuku, bemisa inkampu kwisayithi, kwaye basebenza nzima kwii-degrees ze-110 kwiisuti ezigcweleyo zeTyvek® kunye ne-half-mask respirators.Abanye basebenza kwiindawo ezichasene ne-gravity, ukuxhoma kwiibhanti zokuhlala ngelixa bephethe izixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwiindawo ezithambileyo.
Ukuqinisa umkroli u-Anish Kapoor wengqikelelo yamafu adadayo kwi-110-toni, i-66-foot-ubude, i-33-foot-ubude yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo wentsimbi ecocekileyo yayingumsebenzi wenkampani yomvelisi i-Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, kunye ne-MTH, i-Villath Park, i-IL20 yesakhiwo esidala se-IL20. Isinyithi se-ural kunye neekontraka zoyilo lwesakhiwo seglasi kwindawo yaseChicago.
Iimfuno zokuphumeza iprojekthi ziya kuchaphazela ukwenziwa kobugcisa, ubuchule, izakhono zoomatshini kunye nobuchule bokwenza iinkampani zombini.
Eminye yemiceli mngeni yeprojekthi ivela kwimilo egobileyo engaqhelekanga-ichaphaza okanye iqhosha lesisu elijikekileyo-kwaye eminye isuka kubukhulu bayo.Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yakhiwa ziinkampani ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eziqelelene ngamawaka eekhilomitha, idala iingxaki ngezothutho kunye nezitayile zomsebenzi.Iinkqubo ezininzi ekufuneka zenziwe ebaleni kunzima ukuzenza kwindawo yevenkile, kungasathethwa ke ukuba kukho umba onzima owenziweyo. , akukho mephu yendlela.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unamava amaninzi kulwakhiwo lweqokobhe, ekuqaleni kwiinqanawa kwaye kamva kwezinye iiprojekthi zobugcisa, abafanelekele imisebenzi yolwakhiwo olulodwa lweqokobhe.Anish Kapoor wacela abaphumelele kwifiziksi kunye nobugcisa ukuba banike imodeli encinci.
“Ngoko ndenze isampulu ye-2 x 3 yeemitha, isiqwenga esigudisiweyo esigudisiweyo, kwaye wathi, 'Owu, uyenzile, nguwe wedwa oyenzileyo,' kuba ebejonge iminyaka emibini ekhangela umntu oza kuyenza," utshilo uSilva.
Isicwangciso sokuqala sasiyi-PSI yokwenza ngokupheleleyo kunye nokwakha umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, kwaye emva koko ithumele yonke inxalenye esezantsi ye-Pacific Ocean, ngokusebenzisa i-Panama Canal, ngasentla ecaleni kwe-Atlantic Ocean, kunye ne-St. iipaneli ezigobileyo kwafuneka ziqiniswe ukuthutha kunye nelori ukuya eChicago, apho i-MTH yayiza kudibanisa i-substructure kunye ne-superstructure, kwaye idibanise iipaneli kwi-superstructure.
Ukugqiba kunye nokupholisa ii-welds zeSango le-Cloud ukwenzela ukujonga okungenamthungo kwakuyeyona nto inzima kakhulu yofakelo lwentsimi kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa.Inkqubo ye-12-step iphetha nge-rouge ekhanyayo efana ne-jeweler's polish.
“Ngoko sisebenze kule projekthi isithuba seminyaka emithathu, sisenza la malungu,” utshilo uSilva.” Ngumsebenzi onzima lo.Uninzi lwelo xesha lichithwa ekucingeni indlela yokwenza kunye nokusebenza ngeenkcukacha;uyazi, ukuyifezekisa.Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo itekhnoloji yekhompyuter kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwentsimbi yakudala kukubumba kunye nokudibanisa itekhnoloji ye-aerospace. "
Kunzima ukwenza into enkulu kwaye inzima ngokuchaneka, uthe.Awona macwecwe makhulu ayenomlinganiselo weenyawo ezisi-7 ububanzi neenyawo ezili-11 ubude kwaye anobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-1,500.
"Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD kunye nokudala imizobo yokwenyani yeevenkile yomsebenzi ngokwenene yiprojekthi enkulu ngokwayo," utsho uSilva.
"Senze imodeli yekhompyuter saza sayahlulahlula," utshilo uSilva." Ndisebenzise amava am ngokwakhiwa kweqokobhe, kwaye bendinemibono malunga nendlela yokwahlulahlula iimilo ukuze imigca yomthungo isebenze ukuze sifumane ezona ziphumo zisemgangathweni.
Ezinye iipleyiti zisikwere, ezinye ziyi-pie-shaped.Xa zisondele ngakumbi kwinguqu enqabileyo, i-pie-shaped i-pie-shaped, kwaye inkulu i-radial transition.Phezulu, i-flatter kwaye inkulu.
I-Plasma isika i-1/4- ukuya kwi-3/8-intshi-engqingqwa ye-316L yentsimbi, eyomelele ngokwaneleyo ngokwayo, uSilva uthi.Oku kwenziwa ngokwenza kunye nokwenza isakhelo senkqubo yeembambo kwi-slab nganye ngokuchanekileyo.Ngale ndlela sinokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo imilo ye-slab nganye. "
Iibhodi ziqengqeleka kwiirola ze-3D eziye zayilwa yiPSI zaze zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuqengqeleka ezi bhodi (jonga uMfanekiso 1).”Kuluhlobo lomzala kwiirola zaseBritane.Sibaqengqa sisebenzisa ubuchule obufana nendlela i-fenders eyenziwa ngayo, "utshilo uSilva. Bend ipaneli nganye ngokuyihambisa ngasemva naphambili kwii-roller, ukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo kwii-roller de iipaneli zibe ngaphakathi kwe-0.01 intshi yobukhulu obufunwayo. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu okufunekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwenza amaphepha ngokufanelekileyo, wathi.
I-welder emva koko ithunge i-flux cored kwisakhiwo senkqubo yeembambo zangaphakathi. "Ngokoluvo lwam, i-flux cored yindlela efanelekileyo yokudala i-welds yesakhiwo kwinsimbi engenasici," kuchaza uSilva.
Yonke imiphezulu yeebhodi iphantsi kwezandla kunye nomatshini owenziweyo ukuze unqumle ukuya kwiwaka elifunwayo le-intshi echanekileyo ukuze zonke zihambelane (jonga umfanekiso 2) .Hlola imilinganiselo ngokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuskena i-laser.Ekugqibeleni, ipleyiti iphuculwe kwisibuko kwaye ihlanganiswe nefilimu ekhuselayo.
Ngokumalunga nesinye kwisithathu seepaneli, kunye nesiseko kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, zakhiwe kwindibano yesilingo ngaphambi kokuba iipaneli zithunyelwe zisuka e-Auckland (jonga iMifanekiso 3 kunye ne-4) .Icwangciswe inkqubo ye-siding kwaye yenza i-welding ye-seam kwezinye iibhodi ezincinci ukuze zidibanise.
Ubushushu, ixesha kunye nokunyakaza kweloli kunokubangela ukuba iphepha eliqengqelekayo likhulule.I-ribbed grating ayilungiselelwe nje ukunyusa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa nokugcina imilo yebhodi ngexesha lokuthutha.
Ngoko ke, kunye ne-mesh yokuqinisa ngaphakathi, ipleyiti iphathwa ubushushu kwaye ipholile ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwezinto eziphathekayo.Ukuthintela ngakumbi umonakalo ekuhambeni, ii-cradles zenzelwe ipleyiti nganye, ezithi ke zilayishwe kwizikhongozeli, malunga nezine ngexesha.
Izikhongozeli zaye zalayishwa kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo, malunga nezine ngexesha, kwaye zathunyelwa eChicago kunye nabasebenzi be-PSI ukuze kufakwe kunye nabasebenzi be-MTH. Omnye ngumntu wezothutho oququzelela ukuthutha, kwaye omnye ungumphathi kwindawo yobugcisa. Usebenza nabasebenzi be-MTH yonke imihla kwaye unceda ukuphuhlisa iteknoloji entsha njengoko kuyimfuneko.
U-Lyle Hill, umongameli we-MTH, wathi i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinikwe umsebenzi wokukhusela umfanekiso oqingqiweyo emhlabeni kunye nokufaka i-superstructure, emva koko ukuwelda amashiti kuyo kunye nokunika isanti yokugqibela kunye nokupholisha, ngoncedo lwe-PSI yoBuchwepheshe.Ukugqitywa komfanekiso oqingqiweyo kuthetha ulungelelwaniso phakathi kobugcisa kunye nokusebenza;ithiyori nenyani;ixesha elifunekayo kunye nexesha elicwangcisiweyo.
U-Lou Cerny, usekela-mongameli we-MTH kwezobunjineli kunye nomphathi weprojekthi, uthe into enomdla kuye malunga nale projekthi yinto ekhethekileyo yayo.
Kodwa ukusebenza kumsebenzi wokuqala wohlobo lwayo kufuna ubuchule obuguquguqukayo kwisiza ukuhlangabezana nemingeni engalindelekanga kwaye uphendule imibuzo evelayo njengoko umsebenzi uqhubeka:
Uzifakela njani iipaneli zentsimbi ye-128 yobungakanani bemoto kwi-superstructure esisigxina ngelixa uziphethe ngeeglavu zabantwana? Udibanisa njani ibhontshisi ye-arc enkulu ngaphandle kokuthembela kuyo? Ukungena njani kwi-weld ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuthunga ngaphakathi? Indlela yokufezekisa ukugqiba kwesibuko esigqibeleleyo kwintsimbi yensimbi engenasici ukuba i-welds yensimbi engenasici iya kubetha kwindawo yokukhanya?
Umqondiso wokuqala wokuba oku kuya kuba yiprojekthi enzima kakhulu, uCerny wathi, kuxa kwaqaliswa ukwakhiwa kunye nokufakwa kwizixhobo ze-30 000. Isakhiwo sentsimbi esixhasa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo.
Ngelixa i-zinc-rich-rich structural iron ebonelelwa yi-PSI ukudibanisa isiseko se-substructure yayilula ukwenza, i-substructure site ibekwe isiqingatha ngaphezu kwendawo yokutyela kunye nesiqingatha phezu kwendawo yokupaka iimoto, nganye kwindawo ephakamileyo.
"Ngoko i-substructure luhlobo lwe-cantilevered kunye ne-rickety," uCerny uthe. "Apho sibeka ininzi yale ntsimbi, kubandakanywa nasekuqaleni komsebenzi weplate ngokwawo, ngokwenene kwafuneka ukuba sifumane i-crane ukuba iqhube kumngxuma we-5-foot."
UCerny uthe basebenzise inkqubo ye-anchoring ephucukileyo kakhulu, kubandakanywa inkqubo yokulayishwa kwangaphambili komatshini, efana nohlobo lwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwimigodi yamalahle, kunye nezinye ii-anchors zekhemikhali.Emva kokuba i-substructure yesakhiwo sentsimbi igxininiswe kwikhonkrithi, kuyimfuneko ukwakha i-superstructure apho igobolondo iya kuhlonyelwa.
"Saqala ukufaka inkqubo ye-truss ngokusebenzisa ezimbini ezinkulu ezenziwe nge-304 i-O-intsimbi yensimbi engenasici-enye ekupheleni komntla wesakhiwo kunye nenye kwicala elingasezantsi," utsho uCerny (jonga umzobo 3) amakhonkco abanjwe kunye ne-criss-crossing tube trusses.I-ring-core subframe yakhiwe kumacandelo kunye ne-bolted kunye ne-bolted i-barffeld kwi-barffeeld i-situ.
Ngoko kukho isakhiwo esikhulu esingazange sabonwa mntu;yenzelwe ulwakhiwo olungqongqo,” utshilo uCerny.
Ngaphandle kwemigudu eyiyo yokuyila, ukuyila, ukuyila kunye nokufaka onke amacandelo afunekayo kwiprojekthi yase-Auckland, lo mzobo awuzange ubonwe ngaphambili kwaye ukwaphula iindlela ezintsha kuhlala kuza kunye ne-burrs kunye nemikrwelo.
“Ngelixa indibano kunye neenkqubo zokuwelda zicwangciswe kwangaphambili e-Oakland, ezona meko zesiza zifuna ubuchule bomntu wonke,” utshilo uSilva.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, inkqubo yemihla ngemihla ye-MTH yayikukumisela ukuba yintoni na equkwa ngumsebenzi wosuku kunye nendlela engcono yokwenza amanye amacandelo okumisa i-subframe, kunye ne-struts, "izinto ezithatha i-shock absorber," iingalo, izikhonkwane, kunye nezikhonkwane.Izinti zepogo ezifunekayo ukudala inkqubo ye-siding yethutyana, utshilo u-Er.
“Yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokuyila kunye nokuveliswa ngokubhabha ukugcina izinto zihamba kwaye zizise kwindawo ngokukhawuleza.Sichitha ixesha elininzi sihlela ngale nto sinayo, siyiyila ngokutsha kwaye siyiyila kwakhona kwezinye iimeko, kwaye emva koko senze iindawo ezifunekayo.
Ngokwenyani, siza kuba nezinto ezili-10 ngoLwesibini ekufuneka sizise ngolwesithathu,” utshilo u-Hill.
Malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zamacandelo okunqunyanyiswa kwebhodi ayenziwe okanye alungiswa ebaleni,” utshilo uCerny.” Kwakukho amaxesha apho sasisenza usuku lweeyure ezingama-24.Ndandiba sevenkileni de kube yintsimbi yesi-2, 3am, ndigoduke ngo-5:30 ekuseni ndiyokuhlamba ndize ndithathe izithako, ndisemanzi .”
Inkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa yesikhashana i-MTH yokudibanisa indlu iqulethwe yimithombo, i-struts kunye neentambo.Zonke iindawo ezidibeneyo phakathi kwamacwecwe zibotshwe okwethutyana kunye. "Ngoko ke isakhiwo sonke sixhunyiwe ngomatshini, sinqunyanyiswe ngaphakathi, kunye ne-304 trusses," kusho uCerny.
Baqala ngedome kwisiseko se-omhalus sculpture - "inkaba yeqhosha lesisu"
Ibhodi nganye ye-168 inenkqubo yayo yenkxaso ye-spring spring yamanqaku amane ngoko ixhaswa ngabanye xa isendaweni.
Njengobungqina bokuchaneka komsebenzi we-PSI, indibano ilungile kakhulu kwaye inezikhewu ezimbalwa. "I-PSI yenze umsebenzi omangalisayo wokwenza iiphaneli," utshilo uCerny.I-fitout ilungile ngokwenene, imnandi kum.Siyathetha, ngokwenyani amawaka e-intshi.La macwecwe abekwe Kukho umphetho ovaliweyo kunye. ”
"Xa begqiba indibano, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba yenziwe," watsho uSilva, kungekhona nje ngenxa yokuba i-seams iqinile, kodwa nangenxa yokuba iindawo ezihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo, kunye neepleyiti zazo ezikhazimlayo zesibuko, ziye zadlala ukuze zibonise iindawo ezizungezile.
Ukugqitywa kwe-Cloud Gate kuye kwafuneka kumiswe ngexesha lokuvulwa okukhulu kwepaki ngokwindla ka-2004, ngoko ke u-omhalus wayeyi-GTAW ephilayo, kwaye oko kwaqhubeka iinyanga ezimbalwa.
“Ungawabona amabala amancinane amdaka ngebala, adityaniswe yi-TIG kwisakhiwo sonke,” utshilo uCerny.
"Umngeni omkhulu olandelayo wokuvelisa le projekthi yayikukudibanisa i-seam ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuchaneka kwemilo ngenxa ye-welding shrinkage deformation," watsho uSilva.
I-Plasma welding inika amandla afunekayo kunye nokuqina kunye nomngcipheko omncinci kwibhodi, uCerny uthe.Umxube we-98% we-argon / 2% we-helium usebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni ukungcola kunye nokuphucula ukudibanisa.
I-Welders isebenzisa iindlela ze-keyhole ze-plasma welding zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-Thermal Arc® kunye neetrektara ezikhethekileyo kunye neendibano zetotshi eziphuhliswe kwaye zisetyenziswe yi-PSI.