Inqaku loMhleli: I-Intanethi ye-Pharmaceutical iyavuya ukunikezela eli nqaku linamacandelo amane malunga ne-orbital welding ye-bioprocess piping yingcali yoshishino uBarbara Henon we-Arc Machines. Eli nqaku lithatyathwe kwintetho kaGqr. Henon kwinkomfa ye-ASME ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo.
Thintela ilahleko yokumelana ne-corrosion.Amanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo afana ne-DI okanye i-WFI yi-etchant enobudlova kakhulu yensimbi engenasici.Ukwengeza, i-WFI ye-pharmaceutical grade ijikeleziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (80 ° C) ukugcina ubunyumba.Kukho ukwahlukana okufihlakeleyo phakathi kokunciphisa ubushushu ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa izinto eziphilayo ezikhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-rouge ye-brown ukunyusa imveliso ye-rouge eyingozi kwimveliso. ngokugqwala kwamacandelo enkqubo yemibhobho yensimbi engenastainless.Ubumdaka kunye neeoksidi zentsimbi zinokuba ngamacandelo aphambili, kodwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi, ichromium kunye nenickel nazo zinokubakho.Ubukho be-rouge buyingozi kwezinye iimveliso kwaye ubukho bayo bunokukhokelela kwi-corrosion eyongezelelekileyo, nangona ubukho bayo kwezinye iinkqubo bubonakala bulungile.
Ukuwelda kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukumelana nomhlwa. Umbala oshushu ngumphumo wezinto ze-oxidizing ezifakwe kwi-welds kunye ne-HAZs ngexesha le-welding, iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye inxulumene nokwakhiwa kwe-rouge kwiinkqubo zamanzi amayeza.Ukwakheka kwe-oxide ye-Chromium kunokubangela i-tint eshushu, ishiya ngasemva i-chromium-susrosioning layers kunye ne-hot susroblet coloring, i-hot susrobleted layers, i-hot susroblet coloring. ukususa isinyithi ukusuka kumphezulu, kubandakanywa umaleko ophantsi we-chromium, kunye nokubuyisela ukuxhathisa ukubola kumanqanaba asondeleyo kumanqanaba esinyithi asisiseko.Noko kunjalo, ukuchola kunye nokusila kuyingozi kumphezulu wokugqitywa.Ukugqithiswa kwenkqubo yokubhobhoza kunye ne-nitric acid okanye i-agent ye-chelating formulations yenziwa ukoyisa imiphumo emibi ye-welding kunye nokwakhiwa kwempahla phambi kokuba uhlalutyo lwe-electron lubonise uhlalutyo lwe-elektroni lubonise uhlalutyo lwe-elektroni. yeoksijini, chromium, intsimbi, nickel kunye manganese eyenzeka kwi weld kunye nobushushu echaphazelekayo zone ukuya pre-weld state.Noko ke, passivation kuchaphazela kuphela umaleko umphezulu wangaphandle kwaye ayigqobhozi ngaphantsi 50 angstroms, kanti umbala thermal unako ukwandisa 1000 angstroms okanye ngaphezulu ngaphantsi komhlaba.
Ngoko ke, ukuze kufakwe iinkqubo zemibhobho enganyangekiyo kufutshane ne-substrates engadityaniswanga, kubalulekile ukuzama ukunciphisa i-welding kunye nomonakalo owenziwe nge-lahti kumanqanaba anokubuyiselwa kakhulu ngokudlula. ukuthintela ukulahleka kokumelana ne-corrosion.Ukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuphumeza i-welds ephindaphindayo kunye neyokuhambelanayo ephezulu, kunye nokuphathwa ngokucokisekileyo kwemibhobho yensimbi engenasici kunye namacandelo ngexesha lokuvelisa ukuthintela ukungcoliseka, yimfuneko ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomgangatho ophezulu wemibhobho echasene ne-corrosion kwaye inikezela ngenkonzo yemveliso yexesha elide.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-high-purity biopharmaceutical stainless steel piping systems ziye zafumana i-evolution ekuphuculeni ukugqwala kokumelana kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Iintsimbi ezininzi ezingenastainless ezazisetyenziswa phambi ko-1980 zazingama-304 zentsimbi estainless ngenxa yokuba yayingabizi kakhulu kwaye iphuculwe ngaphezu kobhedu olwalusetyenzisiwe ngaphambili. Enyanisweni, ii-300 ze-300 series i-stainless corrosion ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-stainless steel stainless. , kwaye ayifuni ukutshisa okukhethekileyo kwangaphambili kunye nonyango lokufudumala kweposi.
Kungekudala, ukusetyenziswa kwe-316 yensimbi engenasici kwizicelo zemibhobho yokucoca okuphezulu kuye kwaphakama.Uhlobo lwe-316 lufana nokubunjwa kwe-Type 304, kodwa ngaphezu kwe-chromium kunye ne-nickel alloying elements eziqhelekileyo kuzo zombini, i-316 iqulethe malunga ne-2% ye-molybdenum, ephucula kakhulu i-313 ye-313 yokumelana ne-3L0L, i-Lypecor 316L, i-L, i-316L, i-L, i-316L, i-L. amabakala, abe nomxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi kunamabakala aqhelekileyo (0.035% vs. 0.08%).Olu kunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni kuhloswe ukunciphisa inani le-carbide precipitation enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa ye-welding.Oku kukwenziwa kwe-chromium carbide, echitha imida yeenkozo ze-chromium base metal, okwenza kube yi-susceptible. Iqondo lokushisa lixhomekeke kwaye yingxaki enkulu xa i-soldering ngesandla.Sibonise ukuba i-orbital welding ye-super-austenitic stainless steel AL-6XN ibonelela nge-corrosion resistant welds kune-welds efanayo eyenziwa ngesandla. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-welding ye-orbital inikeza ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-amperage, i-pulsation kunye nexesha, okubangela ukuba i-welding ephantsi kunye nengaphezulu kwi-3 ye-uniform ye-welding kunye ne-3 L edibeneyo ye-3 yokudibanisa kunye ne-3 L edibeneyo yokushisa i-3L kunye ne-4 yokudibanisa i-3 L edibeneyo yokushisa. kuphelisa i-carbide precipitation njengento ebangela ukuphuhliswa kwe-corrosion kwiinkqubo zemibhobho.
Ukutshintsha kobushushu ukuya kubushushu bentsimbi engenasici.Nangona iiparamitha ze-welding kunye nezinye izinto zinokugcinwa ngaphakathi kokunyamezela ngokufanelekileyo, kusekho ukungafani kwigalelo lobushushu elifunekayo ukuze udibanise isinyithi esingenasici ukusuka kubushushu ukuya kubushushu. kwi-1538 ° C (2800 ° F), ngelixa i-alloyed metals inyibilika ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nogxininiso lwe-alloy nganye okanye i-trace element ekhoyo. Ekubeni kungekho zifudumezi ezimbini zensimbi engenasici ziya kuqulatha ugxininiso olufanayo lwento nganye, iimpawu ze-welding ziya kwahluka ukusuka eziko ukuya kwisithando somlilo.
I-SEM ye-316L ye-weld ye-orbital yombhobho kumbhobho we-AOD (phezulu) kunye nezinto ze-EBR (ezantsi) zibonise umahluko obonakalayo ekuphucukeni kwe-weld bead.
Nangona inkqubo ye-welding enye ingasebenza kwii-heaters ezininzi kunye ne-OD efanayo kunye nobukhulu bodonga, ezinye iishushu zifuna i-amperage encinci kwaye ezinye zifuna i-amperage ephezulu kunesiqhelo.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukufudumeza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yomsebenzi kufuneka kulandelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe iingxaki ezinokwenzeka.
Ingxaki yesulfure.Isulfure ye-Elemental yintlupheko enxulumene nentsimbi ekhutshwe kakhulu ngexesha le-steelmaking process.AISI Uhlobo lwe-304 kunye ne-316 ye-stainless steels icaciswe ngomxholo wesulfure ophezulu we-0.030%.Ngophuhliso lweenkqubo zanamhlanje zokusulungekisa isinyithi, ezifana ne-Argon Oxygen Decarburization nge-Vacuum Vacuum Decarburization (i-Acuum drumcuum decarburization) kunye ne-Acuum melcuum . I-Arc Remelting (i-VIM + VAR), iye yakwazi ukuvelisa iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo kakhulu kwiindlela ezilandelayo.ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zabo.Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iimpawu ze-weld pool zitshintsha xa umxholo wesulfure wentsimbi ungaphantsi malunga ne-0.008%.Oku kubangelwa umphumo wesulfure kunye nomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwezinye izinto kwi-coefficient yeqondo lokushisa le-coefficient ye-level pool of the surface tension of the surface pool.
Kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu zesulfure (0.001% - 0.003%), ukungena kwe-weld puddle kuba banzi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-welds efanayo eyenziwe kwizinto eziphathekayo zesulfure eziphakathi. yanele ukuvelisa i-weld engene ngokupheleleyo.Oku kwenza izinto ezinomxholo wesulfure ophantsi kakhulu kunzima kakhulu ukudibanisa, ngakumbi ngeendonga ezityebileyo.Ekugqibeleni okuphezulu kogxininiso lwesulfure kwi-304 okanye i-316 yensimbi engenasici, i-weld bead idla ukuba i-fluid encinci kwimbonakalo kunye ne-rougher kune-medium sulfur materials.Ngoko ke, ngenxa ye-weldability, i-weldability, i-weldability, umxholo we-5 malunga ne-5 yesulfure iya kuba yi-0. kwi-ASTM A270 S2 ye-tubing esemgangathweni yamayeza.
Abavelisi bombhobho wentsimbi ecocekileyo ye-electropolished baye baqaphela ukuba namanqanaba aphakathi esalfure kwi-316 okanye 316L yentsimbi engenanto yenza kubenzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesemiconductor yabo kunye nabathengi be-biopharmaceutical kwimigangatho egudileyo, engenamngxuma yangaphakathi. I-se sulfide (MnS) "i-stringers" ekhutshwe ngexesha le-electropolishing kwaye ishiye i-voids kwi-micron ye-0.25-1.0.
Abavelisi kunye nabathengisi beetyhubhu ezimiselweyo baqhuba imakethi yokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-Ultra Sulfur ukuba zisuswe kwimithombo yombane. "Izixhobo.
Ukongeza ekuphuculeni i-weldability yensimbi engenasici, ubukho besinye isulfure buye baphucule ukusebenziseka.Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi kunye nabavelisi badla ngokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomxholo wesulfure echaziweyo.I-tubing ye-welding ene-sulfur concentrations ephantsi kakhulu kwi-fittings, i-valve okanye enye i-tubing enomxholo ophezulu wesulfure unokwenza iingxaki ze-welding yesulfure ephantsi. ction kwenzeka, Ukungena kuba nzulu kwicala eliphantsi-sulphur ngaphezu kwicala eliphezulu-sulphur, nto leyo echasene noko kwenzekayo xa ukuwelda imibhobho ehambelana nogxininiso lwesulfure.Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, i-weld bead inokungena ngokupheleleyo kwizinto eziphantsi-sulfure kwaye ishiye ingaphakathi le-weld lingaxutywanga ngokupheleleyo (Fihey kunye neSimeneau, i-oda lomxholo we-car sulfur kwi-sulfur ye-192). penter Steel Division of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania iye yazisa isulfure ephantsi (0.005% max) 316 bar stock (Uhlobo 316L-SCQ) (VIM + VAR) ) yokwenziwa kofakelo kunye namanye amacandelo ekujoliswe ukuba welded kwimibhobho yesulfure ephantsi.Welding ezimbini zesalfure ephantsi kakhulu izinto eziphantsi kakhulu kunezixhobo zesalfure eziphantsi kakhulu omnye komnye kulula kakhulu.
Ukutshintshela ekusebenziseni iityhubhu zesulfure ephantsi kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sokufumana i-electropolished yangaphakathi ye-tube surfaces.Ngelixa ukugqitywa kwendawo kunye ne-electropolishing zibalulekile kuzo zombini imboni ye-semiconductor kunye ne-biotech / i-pharmaceutical industry, i-SEMI, xa ubhala inkcazo yeshishini le-semiconductor, icaciswe ukuba i-316L Survey Survey for process gas lines. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baguqule i-ASTM 270 yabo inkcazo yokubandakanya i-tubing ye-pharmaceutical-grade tubing ekhawulela umxholo wesulfure kuluhlu lwe-0.005 ukuya kwi-0.017. Oku kufuneka kubangele ubunzima obuncinci be-welding xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu oluphantsi lwesulfure.Noko ke, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangaphakathi kolu luhlu olulinganiselwe, ukuchithwa kwe-arc kunokuthi kuqhutywe ngokucokisekileyo i-pipesulfur ephantsi okanye i-pipesulfur ephantsi kufuneka ifake ngokucophelela i-pipesulfur. ukufudumeza kwezinto kunye nokujonga ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwe-Solder ukuhambelana phakathi kokufudumeza.Ukuveliswa kwee-welds.
ezinye izinto ezilandelwayo.Ukulandelela izinto ezibandakanya isulfure, i-oksijeni, i-aluminium, i-silicon kunye ne-manganese zifunyenwe zichaphazela ukungena.Landa izixa ze-aluminium, i-silicon, i-calcium, i-titanium kunye ne-chromium ekhoyo kwisiseko sesinyithi njengoko i-oxide inclusions ihambelana nokubunjwa kwe-slag ngexesha le-welding.
Iziphumo zezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyanyuka, ngoko ke ubukho beoksijini bunokuphelisa ezinye zeziphumo zesulfure ephantsi.Amanqanaba aphezulu e-aluminiyam angachasana nesiphumo esihle ekungeneni kwesulfure.Imanganese iguquguquka kubushushu be-welding kwaye idipozithi kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu.Ezi diphozithi zemanganese zinxulunyaniswa nelahleko yokungatyalwa kwe-corrosion, i-Semicondu7 yovavanyo lwangoku. kunye ne-ultra-low manganese 316L izinto zokuthintela le lahleko yokuxhathisa ukubola.
Ukubunjwa kwe-Slag.Iziqithi ze-Slag zivela ngamaxesha athile kwintsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi kwezinye izifudumezi.Lo ngumba wendalo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho kwimilinganiselo ye-welding inokunciphisa oku, okanye utshintsho kumxube we-argon / we-hydrogen unokuphucula i-weld.Pollard yafumanisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-aluminium kwi-silicon kwisiseko sesinyithi sichaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-slag engavumelekanga, ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-slag engavumelekanga. .010% kunye nomxholo we-silicon kwi-0.5%. Nangona kunjalo, xa umlinganiselo we-Al / Si ungaphezulu kweli nqanaba, i-spherical slag inokwenza kunokuba i-plaque type.Olu hlobo lwe-slag lunokushiya imigodi emva kwe-electropolishing, engamkelekanga kwizicelo eziphezulu zokuhlambuluka.Iziqithi ze-Slag ezenza kwi-OD ye-weldration ye-weldation kwi-ID ye-ID ye-slag ingabangela i-ID ye-penethi engalinganiyo kunye ne-ID. I-ld bead inokuba sesichengeni sokuhlwa.
I-weld-run-run weld kunye ne-pulsation.I-standard automatic automatic orbital tube welding yi-weld eyodwa yokudlula kunye ne-pulsed current kunye nesantya esiqhubekayo sokujikeleza kwesantya.Le ndlela ifanelekile kumbhobho onamamitha angaphandle ukusuka kwi-1 / 8 "ukuya malunga ne-7" kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-0.083 "nangaphantsi.Emva kokuba i-timed ye-timer ye-tubered yenzeke ngexesha lokulibaziseka kwe-tuberd iyenzeka ngexesha lokulibaziseka kwe-tuberd. ikhona kodwa akukho ukujikeleza okwenzekayo.Emva kokulibaziseka okujikelezayo, i-electrode ijikeleza i-weld joint de i-weld idibanise okanye idibanise inxalenye yokuqala ye-weld ngexesha lokugqibela lokudibanisa.
Imowudi yenyathelo ("synchronized" welding) .Ukudibanisa i-welding yezixhobo ezityebileyo ezinodonga, ngokuqhelekileyo kukhulu kune-0.083 intshi, umthombo wamandla we-fusion welding ungasetyenziselwa kwimo ehambelanayo okanye yenyathelo.Kwimowudi ye-synchronous okanye inyathelo, i-welding yangoku i-pulse ihambelana ne-stroke, ngoko ke i-rotor imile ukwenzela ukungena okuphezulu kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-pulse yangoku ngexesha lokuhamba kwexesha elide. ngokomyalelo we-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.5 imizuzwana, xa kuthelekiswa neyeshumi okanye ikhulu lexesha lepulse yesibini ye welding eqhelekileyo. Le ndlela yobuchule inokuthi ngempumelelo weld 0.154 "okanye 6" angqindilili 40 gauge 40 umbhobho obhityileyo eludongeni kunye 0.154 "okanye 6" "okanye 6" udonga ukutyeba. ukufakwa kwimibhobho apho kunokubakho ukungafani kokunyamezelwa kwe-dimensional, ukungahambi kakuhle okanye ukungahambelani kweMaterial thermal.Olu hlobo lwe-welding lufuna malunga nexesha eliphindwe kabini le-arc le-welding yesiqhelo kwaye ayifanelekanga kakhulu kwizicelo ze-ultra-high-purity (UHP) ngenxa yobubanzi, i-rougher seam.
variables Programmable.Isizukulwana sangoku semithombo yamandla e-welding yi-microprocessor-based kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ezichaza amaxabiso amanani kwi-welding parameters kwi-diameter ethile (OD) kunye nobukhulu bodonga lombhobho ukuba udityaniswe, kubandakanywa ixesha lokuhlanjululwa, i-welding yangoku, isantya sokuhamba (RPM) ), inani leemaleko kunye nexesha ngalinye, ixesha le-pulse, ixesha lokuhla, njl. i-llation amplitude kunye nexesha lokuhlala, i-AVC (i-arc voltage control ukubonelela nge-arc gap rhoqo), kunye ne-upslope.Ukwenza i-welding ye-fusion, faka intloko ye-welding kunye ne-electrode efanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kwe-clamp yombhobho kumbhobho kwaye ukhumbule ishedyuli ye-welding okanye inkqubo evela kwimemori yomthombo wamandla.
Ukufumana okuguquguqukayo okungacwangciswanga.Ukufumana ngokuqhubekayo umgangatho we-welding, i-welding parameters kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo.Oku kufezekiswa ngokuchaneka komthombo wamandla we-welding kunye neprogram ye-welding, eyiseti yemiyalelo efakwe kumthombo wamandla, equka i-welding parameters, i-welding ubungakanani obuthile bombhobho okanye umbhobho.Kufuneka kwakhona kubekho imilinganiselo yokulawula umgangatho we-welding kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho we-welding welding kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokulawula i-welding esebenzayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho we-welding welding I-lding ihlangabezana nemigangatho evunyelweneyo.Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile kunye neenkqubo ngaphandle kweeparameters ze-welding kufuneka zilawulwe ngononophelo.Ezi zinto ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulungisa isiphelo esilungileyo, ukucoca kakuhle kunye nezenzo zokuphatha, ukunyamezela okulungileyo kwe-dimensional ye-tubing okanye ezinye iindawo ezidibeneyo, uhlobo lwe-tungsten oluhambelanayo kunye nobukhulu, iigesi ezingenayo ezihlanjululwe kakhulu, kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngokucophelela kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Iimfuno zokulungiselela ukuwelda isiphelo sombhobho zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-welding ye-orbital kune-welding manual.I-welded joints for welding ye-orbital pipe welding idla ngokudibanisa i-square butt.
Iziphelo zombhobho kufuneka zihambelane kunye kwintloko ye-weld ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho msantsa obonakalayo phakathi kweziphelo ze-square butt joint.Nangona i-welded joints kunye nezithuba ezincinci zinokufezekiswa, umgangatho we-weld unokuchaphazeleka kakubi.I-gap enkulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho ingxaki.Indibano embi inokubangela ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kwe-soldering. ezi ezifana nezo zenziwe yi-Protem, Wachs, kunye nezinye, ezihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-welds ye-orbital egudileyo elungele umatshini.
Ukongeza kwiparameters welding ukuba amandla igalelo weld, kukho ezinye iinguqu ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe elinzulu kwi-welding, kodwa aziyonxalenye yenkqubo ye-welding yangempela. Oku kubandakanya uhlobo kunye nobukhulu be-tungsten, uhlobo kunye nokucoceka kwegesi esetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-arc kunye nokuhlanjululwa ngaphakathi kwe-weld joint, i-gas flow rate esetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa kwentloko kunye nolunye uhlobo olusetyenzisiweyo lokucoca, ukufowunelwa kolunye uhlobo lolwazi olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nolu lwazi lusetyenzisiweyo. Iinguqu "ezingenakucwangciswa" kwaye zirekhode kwishedyuli ye-welding.Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo lwegesi lubhekwa njengento ebalulekileyo kwiNkcazo yeNkqubo ye-Welding (WPS) kwiinkqubo ze-welding ukuze zihambelane ne-ASME yeCandelo le-IX yeBoiler kunye neKhowudi ye-Pressure Vessel.
i-welding gas.Insimbi engenasici iyamelana ne-oksijini ye-atmospheric oxidation kwiqondo lokushisa.Xa ifudunyezwa kwindawo yayo yokunyibilika (1530 ° C okanye i-2800 ° F yentsimbi ecocekileyo) i-oxidized ngokulula.I-argon ye-inert isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengegesi ekhuselayo kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwangaphakathi okudibeneyo okudibeneyo kwi-oxygen ye-oxygen kwi-oxygen inkqubo okanye inkqubo ye-oxibital. I-discoloration-induced discoloration eyenzeka okanye kufuphi ne-weld emva kwe-welding.Ukuba igesi yokucoca ayilona nqanaba eliphezulu okanye ukuba inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa ayivuzi ngokupheleleyo kangangokuba umlinganiselo omncinci womoya uvuza kwinkqubo yokucoca, i-oxidation ingaba yi-teal ekhanyayo okanye eluhlaza. I-996-99.997% ecocekileyo, kuxhomekeke kumthengisi, kwaye iqulethe i-5-7 ppm ye-oksijini kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, kuquka i-H2O, i-O2, i-CO2, i-hydrocarbons, njl., kwi-40 ppm i-maximum.I-argon ephezulu-yobunyulu kwi-cylinder okanye i-argon ye-liquid kwi-Dewar okanye i-argon ye-liquid kwi-Dewar 9109 i-puree ye-9109 ecocekileyo ye-9109 i-imp; ppm oksijini.QAPHELA: Izicoci zegesi ezifana neNanochem okanye uMgcini weSango zingasetyenziswa ngexesha lokucoca ukunciphisa amanqanaba okungcoliseka kwiindawo ngebhiliyoni (ppb) uluhlu.
Imixube yegesi efana ne-75% ye-helium / i-25% ye-argon kunye ne-95% ye-argon / i-5% ye-hydrogen ingasetyenziswa njengeegesi ezikhuselayo kwii-applications ezikhethekileyo.Imixube emibini ivelise i-welds eshushu kunezo zenziwe phantsi kwezicwangciso zeprogram efanayo njenge-argon.Imixube ye-Helium ifanelekile ngokukodwa ekungeneni okuphezulu ngokuxutywa kwe-fusion welding kwi-carbon hydrogenated arducation i-consultant . iigesi elding for UHP applications.Imixube Hydrogen zineengenelo ezininzi, kodwa ezinye disadvantages.Inzuzo enzulu kukuba ivelisa udaka olumanzi kunye nomphezulu weld ogudileyo, nto leyo ilungele ukuphumeza iinkqubo zonikezelo igesi ultra-high kunye egudileyo umphezulu wangaphakathi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Ubukho hydrogen inika umoya wokunciphisa, ngoko ke ukuba umkhondo woxinaniso oksijini olunciphayo, jonga kwi oksijini oksijini ecuthayo isiphumo esincinci sijonge kumxube we-oksijini ococekileyo okhoyo, ngoko ke ukuba umkhondo woxinaniso we-oksijini ungaphantsi, ujonge i-oksijini ecocekileyo ye-oksijini. i-argon ecocekileyo.Le mpembelelo ilungile malunga ne-5% ye-hydrogen umxholo.Abanye basebenzisa i-95/5% i-argon / i-hydrogen umxube njenge-ID yokucoca ukuphucula ukubonakala kwe-weld bead yangaphakathi.
I-weld bead isebenzisa umxube we-hydrogen njengoko igesi ekhuselayo iyancipha, ngaphandle kokuba insimbi engenasici inomxholo wesulfure ephantsi kakhulu kwaye ivelisa ubushushu obungaphezulu kwi-weld kunokuba isetyenzisiwe sangoku kunye ne-argon engaxutywanga.Into ebalulekileyo ye-argon / imixube ye-hydrogen kukuba i-arc ayizinzile kakhulu kune-argon ecocekileyo, kwaye kukho i-arc toft drift ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kukho i-toft ye-arc toft. zinyamalale xa kusetyenziswe igesi exutyiweyo yomthombo ohlukeneyo, ebonisa ukuba unokubangelwa kukungcoliseka okanye ukuxubana kakubi.Ngenxa yokuba ubushushu obuveliswa yi-arc buhluka kunye noxinaniso lwe-hydrogen, ugxininiso oluqhubekayo lubalulekile ukuphumeza i-welds ephindaphindayo, kwaye kukho ukungafani kwi-gas exutywe ngaphambili edibeneyo. s ayizange igqitywe, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-arc inzima kakhulu kwaye i-tungsten ingadinga ukutshintshwa emva kwe-welds enye okanye ezimbini.Imixube ye-Argon / hydrogen ayinakusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-carbon steel okanye i-titanium.
Isici esahlukileyo senkqubo ye-TIG kukuba ayidli i-electrodes.I-Tungsten ineyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika kwayo nayiphi na isinyithi (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) kwaye i-electron emitter efanelekileyo, eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa njenge-electrode engasetyenziswayo.Iipropati zayo ziphuculwe ngokudibanisa i-2% yezinto ezithile ezinqabileyo zomhlaba oksijini ezifana ne-lareum oxide okanye i-turc oxide eqala ukuphucula i-turc oxide. I-ngsten ayifane isetyenziswe kwi-GTAW ngenxa yeempawu eziphezulu ze-cerium tungsten, ngokukodwa kwi-orbital ye-GTAW izicelo.
I-Electrode egqitywe ngokugqintyambo ifana kakhulu ngobukhulu.Umgangatho ogudileyo usoloko ukhethwa kwindawo enqabileyo okanye engahambelaniyo, njengoko ukuhambelana kwijometri ye-electrode kubaluleke kakhulu kwiziphumo ezihambelanayo, ezifanayo ze-welding.Ii-electron ezikhutshwa kwi-tip (DCEN) zigqithise ubushushu ukusuka kwi-tungsten tip ukuya kwi-weld.I-tip ecocekileyo ivumela ukuba i-welding ibe mfutshane kakhulu, kodwa ingabangela ukuba i-welding ihlale ixesha elide, kodwa ingabangela ukuba i-welding ihlale ixesha elide. kubalulekile ukugaya ngomatshini incam ye-electrode ukuqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda kwejiyometri ye-tungsten kunye ne-weld repeatability.Incam enqabileyo inyanzelisa i-arc ukusuka kwi-weld ukuya kwindawo efanayo kwi-tungsten.I-tip ye-tip diameter ilawula ubume be-arc kunye nomthamo wokungena kwi-current ethile.I-angle ye-taper ichaphazela i-current / i-voltage ye-voltage yeempawu ze-arc kunye ne-voltage ebalulekileyo yokulawula i-arc kunye ne-tusten eyaziwayo kufuneka ibe yimpawu ebalulekileyo ye-arc kunye nobude obucacileyo. isetyenziselwa ukuseta i-arc gap.I-gap ye-arc yexabiso elithile langoku limisela i-voltage kwaye ngaloo ndlela amandla asetyenziswa kwi-weld.
Ubungakanani be-electrode kunye nencam yencam yayo ikhethwe ngokuhambelana nokuqina kwe-welding yangoku.Ukuba umsinga uphezulu kakhulu kwi-electrode okanye incam yayo, inokulahlekelwa yintsimbi ukusuka kwincam, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-electrode ene-tip diameter enkulu kakhulu ngoku kunokubangela i-arc drift. isetyenziswe kunye ne-0.040 "i-electrode ye-diameter ye-welding ye-welding encinci ye-Components.Ngokuphindaphinda inkqubo ye-welding, uhlobo lwe-tungsten kunye nokugqiba, ubude, i-taper angle, i-diameter, i-tip diameter kunye ne-arc gap kufuneka zonke zichazwe kwaye zilawuleke.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-tube welding, i-cerium tungsten isoloko inconywa kuba olu hlobo lunobomi benkonzo ende kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo kwaye zineempawu ezintle kakhulu ze-non-igradiosten i-igniosten i-arc-igradiosten arc-igradio.
Ngolunye ulwazi, nceda uqhagamshelane noBarbara Henon, uMphathi wezoBugcisa boMpapasho, i-Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331.Ifowuni: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.