Umbuzo: Kutshanje siqalise ukwenza umsebenzi ofuna ukuba amanye amacandelo enziwe ikakhulu kwibakala lama-304 intsimbi engenastainless, edityaniswe kuyo ngokwayo kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo.Siye safumana imiba eqhekekileyo kwintsimbi engenastainless ukuya kwintsimbi engenastainless welds ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.25″ ubukhulu.Kwakhankanywa ukuba sinezibalo zeferrite eziphantsi kwaye ungayichaza njani le nto?
A: Lo ngumbuzo olungileyo. Ewe, sinokukunceda uqonde ukuba lithini inani eliphantsi le-ferrite kunye nendlela yokuthintela.
Okokuqala, makhe sihlolisise inkcazo yensimbi engenasici (SS) kunye nendlela i-ferrite ehambelana ngayo namalungu adityanisiweyo.Insimbi emnyama kunye ne-alloys iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-50% yentsimbi.Oku kubandakanya zonke i-carbon kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici kunye namanye amaqela achaziweyo.I-Aluminium, ithusi kunye ne-titanium ayinayo isinyithi, ngoko ziyimizekelo emihle kakhulu ye-alloys non-ferrous.
Amacandelo aphambili ale alloy yi-carbon steel kunye ne-90% yentsimbi kunye ne-SS kunye ne-70 ukuya kwi-80% yesinyithi. Ukuze ihlelwe njenge-SS, kufuneka ibe ne-11.5% ye-chromium eyongeziweyo. Amanqanaba e-Chromium ngaphezu kobu buncinane bomqobo okhuthaza ukubunjwa kweefilimu ze-chromium oxide kwiindawo zensimbi kunye nokuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwe-oxid corsion (i-oxid corsion).
I-SS ihlulwe kakhulu ibe ngamaqela amathathu: i-austenite, i-ferrite kunye ne-martensite.Igama labo livela kwisakhiwo se-crystal yokushisa kwegumbi elenza ukuba libe phezulu.Elinye iqela eliqhelekileyo yi-duplex SS, eyibhalansi phakathi kwe-ferrite kunye ne-austenite kwisakhiwo se-crystal.
Amabakala e-Austenitic, i-series ye-300, iqulethe i-16% ukuya kwi-30% ye-chromium kunye ne-8% ukuya kwi-40% ye-nickel, eyenza i-crystal structure ye-austenitic kakhulu. ukuchasana kakuhle kokubola;ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa ukutya, inkonzo yeekhemikhali, i-pharmaceutical and cryogenic applications.Ukulawula ukubunjwa kwe-ferrite kunika ubunzima obuphezulu beqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.
I-Ferritic SS yibakala le-400 le-series enemagnethi ngokupheleleyo, iqulethe i-11.5% ukuya kwi-30% ye-chromium, kwaye ine-ferritic predominant crystal structure.Ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-ferrite, i-stabilizers ibandakanya i-chromium, i-silicon, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-niobium ngexesha lokuvelisa i-steel. zonke iintlobo eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngama-405, 409, 430 kunye nama-446.
amabakala Martensitic, kwakhona ezichongiweyo 400 series ezifana 403, 410 kunye 440, zimagnetic, ziqulathe 11.5% ukuya 18% chromium, kwaye martensite njenge crystal structure.Le indibaniselwano inomxholo wegolide esezantsi, nto leyo ebenza ukuba bangabizi kakhulu ukuvelisa.Babonelela ukuxhathisa umhlwa;amandla aphezulu;kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-tableware, izixhobo zamazinyo kunye nezotyando, i-cookware, kunye neentlobo ezithile zezixhobo.
Xa udibanisa i-SS, uhlobo lwe-substrate kunye ne-in-service application luya kugqiba isinyithi esifanelekileyo sokuzalisa ukusetyenziswa.Ukuba usebenzisa inkqubo yokukhusela igesi, unokufuna ukuhlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekukhuseleni imixube yegesi ukukhusela iingxaki ezithile ezinxulumene ne-welding.
Ukuze uthengise i-304 ngokwayo, uya kufuna i-electrode ye-E308 / 308L. "L" imele i-carbon ephantsi, enceda ukuthintela ukubola kwe-intergranular.Ezi electrode zinomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-0.03%;nantoni na engentla oku kwandisa umngcipheko we-carbon precipitating kwimida yengqolowa kunye nokudibanisa ne-chromium ukwenza i-chromium carbides, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-steel.Oku kubonakala ukuba i-corrosion ivela kwindawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa (HAZ) ye-SS edibeneyo edibeneyo.
Ekubeni i-304 luhlobo lwe-austenitic ye-SS, intsimbi ye-weld ehambelanayo iya kuqulatha uninzi lwe-austenite.Noko ke, i-electrode ngokwayo iya kuqulatha i-ferrite stabilizer, efana ne-molybdenum, ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-ferrite kwi-weld metal.Abenzi badla ngokudwelisa uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwezixa ze-ferrite kwi-austenite, i-metalnitic echazwe ngaphambili, i-metalnitic ekhankanywe ngaphambili, i-metalnitic echazwe kwi-stabilizer eyomeleleyo. ukusuka kongezwe kwintsimbi edibeneyo.
Amanani eFerrite athathwe kwidayagram ye-Schaeffler kunye ne-WRC-1992 diagram, esebenzisa i-nickel kunye ne-chromium iifomyula ezifanayo ukubala ixabiso, elithi xa licwangciswe kumzobo livelise inani eliqhelekileyo.nangona kunjalo, ngeepesenti eziphezulu, inani le-ferrite liyanda ngesantya esikhawulezayo.Khumbula ukuba i-ferrite kwi-SS ayifani ne-carbon steel ferrite, kodwa isigaba esibizwa ngokuba yi-delta ferrite.I-Austenitic SS ayinayo ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esihambelana neenkqubo eziphezulu zokushisa ezifana nonyango lobushushu.
Ukubunjwa kwe-ferrite kuyanqweneleka ngenxa yokuba i-ductile ngaphezu kwe-austenite, kodwa kufuneka ilawulwe. Amanani e-ferrite aphantsi anokuvelisa i-welds kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kwezinye izicelo, kodwa zithandwa kakhulu ekuqhekekeni okutshisa ngexesha le-welding. .
Ekubeni ukhankanyile ukuba unemiba yokuqhekeka kunye nenani eliphantsi le-ferrite, kufuneka uhlolisise isinyithi sakho sokuzalisa kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ivelisa inani elaneleyo le-ferrite - malunga ne-8 kufuneka incede. Kwakhona, ukuba usebenzisa i-flux cored arc welding (FCAW), ezi zinyithi zokuzalisa ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-100% ye-carbon dioxide ekhusela igesi okanye i-725% enokubangela ukuba umxube we-carbon dioxide uphakame. ukutshintshela kwi-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) inkqubo kwaye usebenzise i-98% ye-argon / 2% umxube we-oksijini ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ne-carbon pickup.
Ukuze udibanise i-SS kwi-carbon steel kufuneka usebenzise izinto zokuzalisa i-E309L. Le metal yokuzalisa isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukuthunga iintsimbi ezingafaniyo kwaye yenza umlinganiselo othile we-ferrite emva kokuba i-carbon steel ihlanjululwe kwi-weld.Kuba enye ikhabhoni ifakwe kwi-carbon steel, i-ferrite stabilizers yongezwa kwi-filler metal ukuchasana nokuthambekela kwekhabhoni yesicelo.
Isishwankathelo, ukuba ufuna ukuphelisa iintanda ezishushu kwi-austenitic SS edibeneyo edibeneyo, qinisekisa isinyithi esaneleyo se-ferrite filler kwaye ulandele ukuziphatha kakuhle kwe-welding.Gcina igalelo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwe-50 kJ / intshi, gcina amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ukuya aphantsi, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-solder joints ayinayo nayiphi na intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba i-soldering. .
I-WELDER, eyayisakuba yi-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bokwenene abenza iimveliso esizisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngazo yonke imihla.Eli phephancwadi liye lanceda abantu baseMntla Merika iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.
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