Imibhobho inokohlulwa ibe yimibhobho yentsimbi kunye nemibhobho engeyiyo eyentsimbi. s, kwakunye nemibhobho yobhedu, imibhobho non-ayoni.iibhobho zensimbi zekhabhoni zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Imigangatho ye-ASTM kunye ne-ASME ilawula iindidi zemibhobho kunye nezinto zokubhobhoza ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lenkqubo.
I-Carbon steel iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-industry, ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-90% yemveliso yensimbi epheleleyo.Ngokusekelwe kumxholo wekhabhoni, iintsimbi zekhabhoni zohlulwe kwakhona zibe ngamacandelo amathathu:
Kwiintsimbi ezidibeneyo, imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yezinto ezixutywayo zisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa izinto ezinqwenelekayo (eziphuculweyo) ezifana ne-weldability, ductility, machinability, amandla, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokubola, njl njl.
Insimbi engenasici yintsimbi yealloyi enomxholo wechromium we-10.5% (ubuncinci) Inxalenye enqwenelekayo (okanye ephuculweyo) iipropathi.Intsimbi engatyiwayo ikwaqulathe izixa ezahlukahlukeneyo zekhabhoni, isilicon kunye nemanganese.Intsimbi engatyiwayo iphinda ihlelwe ngolu hlobo:
Ukongeza kula mabanga angentla, amanye amabakala aphambili (okanye amabakala akhethekileyo) iintsimbi ezingenastainless nazo ezisetyenziswa kushishino ngala:
Iintsimbi zesixhobo zinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni (0.5% ukuya kwi-1.5%).Umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu unika ubunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla.Le ntsimbi isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo kunye nokubumba.Iintsimbi zesixhobo ziqulethe ixabiso elihlukeneyo le-tungsten, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-vanadium ukunyusa ukushisa kwesinyithi kunye nokumelana nokuguga kunye nokuqina.Oku kwenza izixhobo zensimbi zokugawula zilungele ukusika.
Le mibhobho isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwenkqubo.I-ASTM kunye ne-ASME yokuchongwa kwemibhobho ibonakala yahlukile, kodwa amabakala ezinto eziphathekayo ayafana.Umzekelo:
Ubume bemathiriyeli kunye neempawu kwiikhowudi ze-ASME kunye ne-ASTM ziyafana ngaphandle kwegama. Amandla okuqina e-ASTM A 106 Gr A yi-330 Mpa, i-ASTM A 106 Gr B yi-415 Mpa, kunye ne-ASTM A 106 Gr C yi-485 Mpa. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo isetyenziswa ngumbhobho wekhabhoni yi-ATM6 i-G06 i-ASTM 0 i-ATM0 i-ATM 0 i-ATM 0 i-ATM061 I-Mpa, i-ASTM A 53 (i-Hot Dip Galvanized or Line Pipe), ekwalibakala elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-carbon steel pipe kumbhobho.ASTM A 53 pipe ifumaneka kumabakala amabini:
I-ASTM A 53 Pipe yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezintathu - Uhlobo lwe-E (ERW - Resistance Welded), Uhlobo F (Isithando somlilo kunye neempundu eziWelded), Uhlobo lwe-S (I-Seamless) .Kwi-Type E, zombini i-ASTM A 53 Gr A kunye ne-ASTM A 53 Gr B ziyafumaneka.Kuhlobo lwe-F, kuphela i-ASTM A 53 Gr A iyafumaneka, ngelixa i-ATM 3 iyafumaneka, kwaye i-ATM3 iyafumaneka, kunye ne-ASTM3. amandla okuqina kwe-ASTM A 53 Gr A umbhobho ufana ne-ASTM A 106 Gr A kwi-330 Mpa. Amandla okuqina kwe-ASTM A 53 Gr B umbhobho ufana ne-ASTM A 106 Gr B kwi-415 Mpa. Oku kuhlanganisa imibhobho ye-carbon steel grade esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lenkqubo.
Eyona mibhobho yensimbi engenasiphene esetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokucubungula ibizwa ngokuba zii-austenitic stainless steels.Impawu eyimfuneko ye-austenitic stainless steel is non-magnetic or paramagnetic.Iinkcukacha ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ze-austenitic stainless steels zezi:
Kukho amabakala ali-18 kule ngcaciso, apho i-304 L yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu.Udidi oludumileyo luyi-316 L ngenxa yokumelana nokubola okuphezulu.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) kwimibhobho eyi-8 intshi okanye ngaphantsi ububanzi.
Olu luhlu lusebenza kwimibhobho edityanisiweyo emikhulu.
I-Weldability ye-Austenitic Stainless Steels - I-Austenitic stainless steels inokwandiswa kwe-thermal ephezulu kune-ferritic okanye i-martensitic stainless steels.Ngenxa ye-coefficient ephezulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye ne-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal ye-austenitic stainless steel, i-deformation okanye i-warpage ingenzeka ngexesha lokukhwela. izinto zokuzalisa kunye neenkqubo zokuwelda.I-arc efakwe kwi-arc (i-SAW) ayikhuthazwa xa i-austenitic epheleleyo insimbi engenasici okanye i-welds ephantsi ye-ferrite iyadingeka.Itheyibhile (Isihlomelo-1) sisikhokelo sokukhetha ucingo olufanelekileyo lokuzalisa okanye i-electrode esekelwe kwizinto ezisisiseko (kwi-austenitic stainless steels).
Ityhubhu yeChromium molybdenum ilungele imigca yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu kuba amandla okuqina etyhubhu ye-chrome molybdenum ahlala engatshintshi ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu.Ityhubhu ifumana isicelo kwizityalo zamandla, abatshintshisi bobushushu, kunye nokunye.Ityhubhu yi-ASTM A 335 kumabakala amaninzi:
Imibhobho yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukucima umlilo, ukuhambisa amanzi amdaka, ugutyulo, ugutyulo, umsebenzi onzima (phantsi komsebenzi onzima) - imibhobho yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Amanqanaba emibhobho yentsimbi ngala:
Imibhobho yentsimbi erhuqwayo isetyenziswa kwimibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba yeenkonzo zomlilo.Imibhobho ye-Dürr inzima ngenxa yobukho besilicon.Le mibhobho isetyenziselwa inkonzo ye-asidi yorhwebo, njengoko ibakala libonisa ukuxhathisa kwi-asidi yorhwebo, kunye nonyango lwamanzi olukhupha inkunkuma ye-asidi.
U-Nirmal Surendran Menon wafumana i-Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering evela kwiYunivesithi yase-Anna, eTamil Nadu, eIndiya kwi-2005 kunye ne-Master of Science kuLawulo lweProjekthi evela kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSingapore ngo-2010. Ukwishishini le-oyile / igesi / i-petrochemical. Okwangoku usebenza njengenjineli yentsimi kwiprojekthi ye-LNG ye-liquefaction kumzantsi-ntshona weLouisana. .
U-Ashish unesidanga sobunjineli kwaye uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ebandakanyeka kakhulu kubunjineli, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho/ulawulo lomgangatho, isiqinisekiso somniki-nkonzo/ukubeka iliso, ukuthenga, ukucwangciswa kwezixhobo zokuhlola, ukuwelda, ukwakhiwa, ulwakhiwo kunye nekontraka engaphantsi.
Imisebenzi ye-oyile kunye negesi ihlala ibekwe kwiindawo ezikude kude nekomkhulu lenkampani.Ngoku, kunokwenzeka ukubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwempompo, ukulungelelanisa nokuhlalutya idatha ye-seismic, kunye nokulandelela abasebenzi emhlabeni wonke ukusuka naphi na.Nokuba abasebenzi baseofisini okanye bengekho, i-Intanethi kunye nezicelo ezinxulumene nazo zivumela ukuhamba kolwazi olubanzi kunye nokulawula kunanini ngaphambili.
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