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Iimvavanyo zenziwa kumjelo oxande ovalwe yimigca enqamlezileyo yeentonga ezine ezithambekele kwintsimbi. s zenziwa ezinxulumanisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo kwimilinganiselo yeempawu zentonga.Umgaqo wokuzimela ufunyanwa ukuba ubambe amanani amaninzi e-Euler abonisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okt ukuba uxinzelelo lungenamlinganiselo usebenzisa uqikelelo lwesantya sokungena esiqhelekileyo kwintonga, iseti izimele kwi-angle yediphu.Ulungelelwaniso lwe semi-empirical olunesiphumo lungasetyenziselwa ukuyila iihydraulic ezifanayo.
Izixhobo ezininzi zokufudumeza kunye nokutshintshwa kobuninzi zibandakanya isethi yeemodyuli, iziteshi okanye iiseli apho ulwelo ludlula kwizakhiwo zangaphakathi ezingaphezulu okanye ezincinci ezifana neentonga, izithinteli, ukufakwa, njl. Kutshanje, kuye kwakho umdla ohlaziyiweyo ekufumaneni ukuqonda okungcono kweendlela ezinxibelelanisa ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nemikhosi kwi-internals eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo lwemodyuli.Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le mveliso yepetroli yokwandiswa kwezixhobo zesayensi yokwandiswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa isayensi iye yandiswa. s, kunye nokunyuka kwe-miniaturization yezixhobo.Izifundo zovavanyo zamva nje zoxinzelelo lokusasazwa kwangaphakathi kunye neelahleko zibandakanya iziteshi ezixutywe ngeembambo ezahlukeneyo ze-1, iiseli ze-electrochemical reactor 2, i-capillary constriction 3 kunye ne-lattice frame materials 4.
Ezona zakhiwo zangaphakathi zixhaphakileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo iimodyuli ze-cylindrical ngokusebenzisa iimodyuli zeyunithi, nokuba zidibene okanye zihlukanisiwe.Kutshintshiselwano lobushushu, olu lungelelwaniso luqhelekile kwicala leqokobhe.Ukuhla koxinzelelo lwecala leqokobhe kuhambelana noyilo lokutshintsha ubushushu njengejenereyitha zomphunga, ii-condensers kunye ne-evaporator.Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, uWang et al.I-5 ifumene i-rettachment rettachment kunye ne-co-detachment flow flows kwi-tandem configuration of rods.Liu et al.6 ilinganisa ukuhla koxinzelelo kwiitshaneli ezixande kunye ne-bundles eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kabini ye-U-shaped tube ene-angles yokuthambekela okungafaniyo kunye nokulinganisa imodeli yamanani ukulinganisa iinyanda zentonga kunye neendaba ezibuhlungu.
Njengoko kulindelekile, kukho inani lezinto zoqwalaselo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic yebhanki ye-cylinder: uhlobo lokulungelelanisa (umzekelo, ukuhlutha okanye umgca), imilinganiselo ehambelanayo (umzekelo, i-pitch, i-diameter, ubude), kunye ne-angle yokuthambekela, phakathi kwabanye.I-7 icetywayo imodeli esebenzayo ye-porosity isebenzisa ubude beyunithi yeyunithi njengepharamitha yokulawula, usebenzisa i-tandem kunye ne-straggered arrays kunye neenombolo ze-Reynolds phakathi kwe-103 kunye ne-104.I-Snarski8 yafunda indlela i-spectrum yamandla, ukusuka kwi-accelerometers kunye ne-hydrophone eqhotyoshelwe kwi-cylinder kwi-tunnel yamanzi, iyahluka ngokujikeleza kwe-alclination.9 wafunda ukusasazwa uxinzelelo eludongeni ngeenxa intonga cylindrical in yaw airflow.Mityakov et al.I-10 icwangcise intsimi yesantya emva kwe-cylinder eyakhiweyo isebenzisa i-stereo PIV.Alam et al.I-11 iqhube uphando olubanzi lweesilinda ze-tandem, ezigxininise kwimiphumo yenombolo ye-Reynolds kunye nomlinganiselo wejometri kwi-vortex shedding.Bakwazi ukuchonga i-vortex shedding.Baye bakwazi ukuchonga i-states ezintlanu, ezizezi: ukutshixa, ukutshixa okwethutyana, ukutshixa, ukutshixa kwe-subharmonic kunye ne-shear layer rettachment states.Uphononongo lwamanani lwakutshanje luye lwabonisa ukubunjwa kwe-vortexstricted ye-vortexstricted structures.
Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic yeyunithi yeyunithi kulindeleke ukuba kuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo kunye nejometri yolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo lubalwa ngolungelelwaniso lobungqina bemilinganiselo ethile yovavanyo. Kwizixhobo ezininzi eziqulunqwe ngamacandelo exesha, iipateni zokuhamba ziphindaphindwa kwiseli nganye, kwaye ke, ulwazi olunxulumene neeseli ezimele lunokusetyenziswa ukubonisa isimilo esipheleleyo se-hydraulic yolwakhiwo, apho kukho imifuziselo ye-hydraulic jikelele yesakhiwo. isetyenzisiweyo sinokuncitshiswa kaninzi.Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokukhupha i-equation ye-orifice plate 15.Kwimeko ekhethekileyo yeentonga ezithambekileyo, nokuba zihamba ngokukhawuleza okanye zivulekileyo, inqobo enomdla edla ngokucatshulwa kwiincwadi kwaye isetyenziswe ngabaqulunqi iyona nto iphezulu ye-hydraulic magnitude (umz., ukuhla koxinzelelo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukuchithwa kwe-vortex ukuya kwi-frequency ye-contact, njl njl.) idla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo wokuzimela kwaye ithatha ukuba ukuhamba kwe-dynamics kuqhutywa ngokuyinhloko yi-inflow yecandelo eliqhelekileyo kunye nokuba umphumo wecandelo le-axial elihambelana ne-cylinder axis ayinanto.Nangona akukho mvumelwano kwiincwadi malunga noluhlu olusemthethweni lwale ngongoma, kwiimeko ezininzi zibonelela nge-experimenti esebenzayo ye-experimenti ye-experimenti esebenzayo kwi-experimenti ye-experimenti esebenzayo. Umgaqo-siseko ozimeleyo uquka i-vortex-induced vibration16 kunye nesigaba esisodwa kunye nesigaba sesibini esiphakathi kwe-drag417.
Kulo msebenzi wangoku, iziphumo zophononongo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwitshaneli onomgca onqamlezayo weentonga ezine ezithambekileyo ze-cylindrical ziboniswa.Linganisa iindibano zentonga ezintathu ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo, ukuguqula i-angle yokuthambekela.Injongo iyonke kukuphanda indlela yokuhanjiswa koxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga inxulumene nokuhla koxinzelelo ngokubanzi kwi-channel. um ukuvavanya ukunyaniseka komgaqo wokuzimela.Ekugqibeleni, ulungelelwaniso lwe semi-empirical engena dimensionless luyenziwa olunokusetyenziswa ukuyila izixhobo ezifanayo zehydraulic.
Ukusekwa kovavanyo kuqulethwe kwicandelo lovavanyo oluxande olufumene ukuhamba komoya olunikezwa ngumlandeli we-axial.Icandelo lokuvavanya liqulethe iyunithi equkethe iintonga ezimbini ezihambelanayo kunye neentsimbi ezimbini ezifakwe kwiindonga zomjelo, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Fig. 1e, yonke i-diameter efanayo.
icandelo lokungena (ubude obukwi-mm) .Yenza b usebenzisa i-Openscad 2021.01, i-openscad.org.Icandelo lovavanyo olungundoqo (ubude kwi-mm) 021.01, umbono ogqabhukileyo wecandelo lovavanyo lwe-openscad.org e.Idalwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Iiseti ezintathu zeentonga zobubanzi obuhlukeneyo zavavanywa.Itheyibhile 1 idwelisa iimpawu zejometri zecala ngalinye.Iintonga zifakwe kwiprotractor ukwenzela ukuba i-angle yabo ehambelana nomzila wokuhamba ingahluka phakathi kwe-90 ° kunye ne-30 ° (Amanani 1b kunye ne-3) .Zonke iintonga zenziwe ngensimbi engenasici kwaye zigxininise ukugcina i-gap ehambelanayo ye-rods ephakathi kwendawo yokuvavanya i-gap ephakathi kwendawo yokuvavanya i-gap ephakathi kwendawo yokuvavanya.
Isantya sokungena kwe-inlet yecandelo lokuvavanya lilinganiswe nge-venuri elinganisiweyo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 2, kwaye ibekwe iliso ngokusebenzisa i-DP Cell Honeywell SCX. Ukushisa kwamanzi ekuphumeni kwecandelo lokuvavanya kulinganiswe nge-thermometer ye-PT100 kwaye ilawulwa kwi-45 ± 1 ° C. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesantya esicwangcisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa inqanaba lokuhamba kwe-metal ye-turbulence kwisixhobo sokungena esinyanzelweni sesithathu. Umgama omalunga ne-4 ye-hydraulic diameters isetyenziswe phakathi kwesikrini sokugqibela kunye nentonga, kwaye ubude be-outlet yayiyi-11 ye-hydraulic diameters.
Umzobo weSchematic we-tube ye-Venturi esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-inlet flow velocity (ubude kwiimilimitha) .Yenziwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, i-openscad.org.
Ukubeka iliso uxinzelelo kwelinye lobuso bentonga yeziko ngokusebenzisa i-0.5 mm yoxinzelelo lwempompo kwi-middle-plane yecandelo lokuvavanya.I-diameter yempompo ihambelana ne-5 ° ye-angular span;ngoko ke ukuchaneka kwe-angular malunga ne-2 °. Intonga egadiweyo inokujikelezwa malunga ne-axis yayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 3. Umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lwentonga yomhlaba kunye noxinzelelo ekungeneni kwinqanaba lokuvavanya lilinganiswa ngoluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwe-DP Cell Honeywell SCX.
iisetingi zokuqukuqela.Iindonga zetshaneli ziboniswa ngwevu.Umpompoza uphuma ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kwaye uvalwe yintonga.Qaphela ukuba umbono “A” ujonge kwi-axis yentonga.Iintonga zangaphandle zifakwe kwi-semi-embedded kwiindonga ze-lateral channel.I-protractor isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-angle yokuthambekela \(\alpha \) .Yenziwe nge-Openscad.12 evulekileyo.12.0
Injongo yovavanyo kukulinganisa kunye nokutolika ukuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kwee-inlets zeshaneli kunye noxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga yeziko, \ (\ theta \) kunye \ (\ alpha \) kwii-azimuth ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-dips.Ukushwankathela iziphumo, uxinzelelo lokwahlukana luya kubonakaliswa kwifom engenamlinganiselo njengenombolo ye-Euler:
apho \(\ rho \) luxinaniso lolwelo, \({u}_{i}\) yisantya sokungena, \({p}_{i}\) luxinzelelo lokungena, kwaye \({p }_{ w}\) luxinzelelo kwindawo enikiweyo eludongeni lwentonga.Isantya sokungena sigxininiswe phakathi koluhlu oluthathu olwahlukeneyo olugqitywe yi-valve ehambelana ne-1 yoluhlu lwe-0 oluhambelana noluhlu lwe-0 oluhambelana noluhlu lwe-0. kwinombolo yejelo Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (apho \(H\) bubude bejelo, kwaye \(\nu \) yi kinematic viscosity) phakathi kwama-40,000 nama-67,000.Inombolo yentonga yeReynolds (\(Re\equiv {0}5) ukusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-5 ukuya ku-0} ubunzulu besiphithiphithi esiqikelelwa ngokutenxa komgangatho ozalanayo weempawu ezirekhodwe kwi-venturi yi-5% ngokomndilili.
Umzobo 4 ubonisa ulungelelwaniso lwe \ ({Eu}_{w}\) kunye ne-azimuth angle \ (\ theta \), iparameterized ngama-angles amathathu ediphu, \ (\ alpha \) = 30 °, 50 ° kunye ne-70 ° .Imilinganiselo yahlula kwiigrafu ezintathu ngokobubanzi bentonga. θ ilandela umkhwa oqhelekileyo woxinzelelo lwendonga malunga nomjikelezo wesithintelo setyhula.Kwi-angles ejongene nokuhamba, oko kukuthi, θ ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-90 °, ingcinezelo yodonga lwentonga iyancipha, ifikelele ubuncinane kwi-90 °, ehambelana ne-gap phakathi kweentonga apho isantya sikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwendawo yokuhamba. iyunifomu ngenxa yokwahlulwa komda womda ongasemva wodonga lwentonga.Qaphela ukuba akukho tshintsho kwi-angle yoxinzelelo oluncinci, olubonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka ukusuka kumaleko e-shear akufuphi, njengeempembelelo zeCoanda, zisesekondari.
Ukwahluka kwenombolo ye-Euler yodonga olujikeleze intonga yee-engile zokuthambekela ezahlukeneyo kunye needamitha zentonga.Idalwe ngeGnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Koku kulandelayo, sihlalutya iziphumo ezisekelwe kwingqikelelo yokuba amanani Euler anokuqikelelwa kuphela ngeeparamitha zejometri, okt umlinganiselo wefitsha yobude \(d/g\) kunye \(d/H\) (apho \(H\) bubude bejelo) kunye nokuthambekela \(\ alpha \) i-rod axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \alpha \) .Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo wokuzimela.Enye yeenjongo zolu hlalutyo olulandelayo kukuhlola ukuba lo mgaqo uyasebenza na kwimeko yethu, apho ukuhamba kunye nezithintelo zivalelwe ngaphakathi kwemijelo evaliweyo.
Makhe siqwalasele uxinzelelo olulinganiswe ngaphambili kwendawo ephakathi yentonga, okt θ = 0. Ngokungqinelana ne-equation kaBernoulli, uxinzelelo kule ndawo \ ({p}_{o}\) luyanelisa:
apho \({u}_{o}\) isantya solwelo kufuphi nodonga lwentonga e-θ = 0, kwaye sithatha iilahleko ezincinci ezingenakuguquleka. Qaphela ukuba uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo luzimeleyo kwixesha le-kinetic yamandla. Ukuba \ ({u}_{o}\) ayinalutho (okt imeko emileyo), i-Euler amanani kufuneka idityaniswe. Nangona kunjalo, loo manani kwi-0 (\\) ingabonwa kwi-0 (\\) I-Eu}_{w}\) isondele kodwa ayilingani ncam neli xabiso, ngakumbi kwii-engile ezinkulu zediphu.Oku kuphakamisa ukuba isantya kwindawo yentonga ayipheli kwi-(\theta =0\), enokuthi icinezelwe ngokuphambuka okuya phezulu kwemigca yangoku edalwe yi-tilt. ezantsi kunye nokunciphisa isantya phezulu.Kucingelwa ukuba ubukhulu bokuphambuka ngasentla lujongo lwesantya sokungena kwi-shaft (okt \({u}_{i}\mathrm{cos}\alpha \)), isiphumo senombolo ye-Euler ehambelanayo sithi:
Umzobo 5 uthelekisa ii-equations.(3) Ubonisa isivumelwano esihle kunye nedatha yovavanyo ehambelanayo.Intsingiselo yokutenxa yayiyi-25%, kwaye inqanaba lokuzithemba laliyi-95%.Qaphela ukuba i-equation.(3) Ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wokuzimela.Ngokunjalo, i-Figure 6 ibonisa ukuba inombolo ye-Euler ihambelana noxinzelelo kwi-express,{0} kunye novavanyo lwangasemva, {0} kunye novavanyo lwe-ex (0} gment, \({p}_{e}\), Kwakhona ilandela intsingiselo ngokomlinganiselo \({\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .Kuyo yomibini le miba, nangona kunjalo, i-coefficient ixhomekeke kwi-diameter yentonga, eqondakalayo ekubeni le yokugqibela imisela indawo ethintelweyo.Olu phawu lufana nokuhla koxinzelelo lwe-orifice plate, inxalenye yecandelo le-orifice yovavanyo, inxalenye yecandelo le-orifice yovavanyo. Kule meko, uxinzelelo lwehla kakhulu kwi-throttling kwaye ngokuyinxenye luphinde lubuyele njengoko lukhula ngasemva.Ukuqwalasela uthintelo njenge-blockage perpendicular kwi-axis yentonga, ukuhla koxinzelelo phakathi komphambili kunye nomva wentonga kunokubhalwa njenge-18:
apho \({c}_{d}\) yi-coefficient yotsalo echaza ukubuyiswa koxinzelelo oluyinxenye phakathi kwe-θ = 90 ° kunye θ = 180 °, kunye \({A}_{m}\) kunye \ ({A}_{f}\) bubuncinane becandelo elinqamlezayo lasimahla kwiyunithi nganye ngobude be-perpendicular kwi-axis yentonga{_{} {m\} {m\} nobudlelwane{_{} nobudlelwane bayo{_{} Ekhohlo (g+d\right)/g\).Amanani e-Euler ahambelanayo ngala:
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler ku \(\theta =0\) njengomsebenzi wedip.Le gophe ihambelana nenxaki.(3).Idalwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
I-Wall Euler inombolo iyatshintsha, kwi \(\theta =18{0}^{o}\) (uphawu olupheleleyo) kwaye uphume (uphawu olungenanto) kunye ne-dip.Ezi jika zihambelana nomgaqo wokuzimela, okt \(Eu\propto {\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \).Yenziwe ngeGnuplot. www.info.gnu.
Umzobo 7 ubonisa ukuxhomekeka kwe \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) kwi \(d/g\), ebonisa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu.(5) vumela kunye nokuphuma kwecandelo lovavanyo lilandela umkhwa ofanayo, kodwa ngee-coefficients ezahlukeneyo ezithathela ingqalelo ukubuyiswa koxinzelelo kwindawo yangasemva phakathi kwebar kunye nokuphuma kwetshaneli.I-coefficient yokutsala ehambelanayo \({c}_{d}=1.00\pm 0.05\) kunye nenqanaba lokuzithemba kwe-67%.
I-coefficient yokutsala inxulumene ne- \(d/g\) yoxinzelelo lwethontsi ngaphambili nasemva kwentonga \ (\ ekhohlo ({Eu}_{0-180}\ ekunene)\) kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo lulonke phakathi kwendawo yokungena yomjelo kunye ne-outlet.Indawo engwevu yi-67% yebhanti yokuzithemba yolungelelwaniso.Idalwe ngeGnuplot, www.
Ubuncinci boxinzelelo \ ({p} _ {90} \) kwindawo ye-rod kwi-right, i-5 °} _ {{{{com} \) i-chan I-NEL) inxulumene nezi zinto zilandelayo:
Uxinzelelo \ ({p}_{g}\) unokuhambelana noxinzelelo lwentonga yentonga kwi-θ = 90 ° ngokudibanisa ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo phezu kwesithuba esahlula intonga ephakathi phakathi kwe-midpoint kunye nodonga (jonga umfanekiso 8).Ibhalansi yamandla inika i-19:
apho \ (y\) lulungelelaniso oluqhelekileyo kumphezulu wentonga ukusuka kwindawo esembindini yesithuba phakathi kweentonga ezisembindini, kwaye \(K\) kukugoba komgca wangoku kwindawo \ (y\) .Kuvavanyo lohlalutyo loxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga, sithatha ukuba \({u}_{g}\) iyunifomu kwaye \(K\ ekunene) iguqulwe ngokwamanani (K\ ekhohlo) njengecalucalulo (i-K\ ekhohlo) njenge-ver Kudonga lwentonga, igophe limiselwa licandelo leellipse yentonga kwi-engile \(\ alpha \), okt \(K\left(g/2\right)=\left(2/d\right){\ mathrm{sin} }^{2}\alpha \) (bona Umfanekiso 8) .Then, ngokuphathelene ne-3 curvature = i-vature ye-3 igophe kulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi lonke \(y\) inikwa ngu:
Imboniso yecandelo elinqamlezayo, ngaphambili (ekhohlo) nangaphezulu (ezantsi).Yenziwe ngeMicrosoft Word 2019,
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokulondolozwa kobunzima, umyinge wesantya kwinqwelomoya ejikeleze ukuhamba kwindawo yokulinganisa \ (\ ingxondorha {u}_{g}\ irange \) inxulumene nesantya sokungena:
apho i-\({A}_{i}\) iyindawo yokuhamba enqamlezileyo kwindawo yokungena kumjelo kwaye \({A}_{g}\) yindawo yokuhambahamba enqamlezileyo kwindawo yokulinganisa (jonga umfanekiso wesi-8) ngokulandelelanayo ngo:
Qaphela ukuba \({u}_{g}\) ayilingani no \(\ ingxondorha {u}_{g}\rangle \).Enyanisweni, uMzobo 9 ubonisa umlinganiselo wesantya \({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \), ibalwa nge-equation.(10)–(14), icwangciswe ngokweyiphi i-disc i-trend, i-discs echongwa ngokweyiphi i-discs. idityaniswa nepolynomial yodidi lwesibini:
Umlinganiselo ophezulu \({u}_{g}\) kunye ne-avareji\(\ingxondorha {u}_{g}\rangle \) isantya seziko lesiteshi esinqamlezayo\(.\) Iigophe eziqinileyo neziqhawukileyo zihambelana nee-equations.
Umzobo we-10 uthelekisa \({Eu}_{90}\) kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-equation.
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler e-\(\theta ={90}^{o}\). Eli jiko lingqamana ne-equation.(16).Idalwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
I-net force \({f}_{n}\) esebenza kwintonga esembindini ye-perpendicular kwi-axis yayo ingabalwa ngokudibanisa uxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
apho i-coefficient yokuqala ubude bentonga ngaphakathi komjelo, kwaye ukudibanisa kwenziwa phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-2π.
Intelekelelo ye-\({f}_{n}\) kwicala lokuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka ihambelane noxinzelelo phakathi kokungena kunye nokuphuma komjelo, ngaphandle kokuba i-friction ihambelana nentonga kunye nencinci ngenxa yophuhliso olungaphelelanga lwecandelo lamva I-flux yesantya ayilingani.Ngoko ke,
Umzobo we-11 ubonisa igrafu yee-equations.(20) ubonise isivumelwano esilungileyo kuzo zonke iimeko zokulinga.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuphambuka okuncinci kwe-8% ngasekunene, enokuthi ifakwe kwaye isetyenziswe njengoqikelelo lokungalingani kwesantya phakathi kwe-channel inlet kunye ne-outlet.
Ibhalansi yamandla esiteshi.Umgca uhambelana nenxaki.(20).I-coefficient yonxulumano ye-Pearson yayingu-0.97.Yenziwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Ukutshintsha i-angle yokuthambekela kwintonga, uxinzelelo kudonga lomphezulu wentonga kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kumjelo kunye nemigca enqamlezileyo yeentonga ezine ezithambekileyo ze-cylindrical ziye zalinganiswa.Iindibano ezintathu zentonga ezihlukeneyo ze-diameter zavavanywa.Kuluhlu lwamanani eReynolds oluvavanyiweyo, phakathi kwe-2500 kunye ne-6500, i-Euler rodi yesiqhelo ilandelelanisa ubuninzi bereyithi yesiqhelo kwi-trand ye-Euler. ngaphambili kunye nobuncinci kwi-gap esecaleni phakathi kweentonga, ukubuyisela kwindawo yangasemva ngenxa yokwahlula umaleko womda.
Idatha yovavanyo ihlalutywa kusetyenziswa ukuqwalaselwa kwesantya kunye novavanyo lwe-semi-empirical ukufumana amanani angaguqukiyo angena-dimensionless ahambelana namanani e-Euler kwimilinganiselo yeempawu zemijelo kunye neentonga.Zonke iimpawu zejometri zokuthintela zimelwe ngokupheleleyo ngumlinganiselo phakathi kobubanzi bentonga kunye nesithuba phakathi kweentonga (ecaleni) kunye nokuphakama komjelo (othe nkqo).
Umgaqo wokuzimela ufunyanwa ubambe amanani amaninzi e-Euler abonisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okt ukuba uxinzelelo alunamlinganiselo usebenzisa uqikelelo lwesantya sokungena esiqhelekileyo kwintonga, iseti izimele kwi-engile yediphu.Ukongeza, inkalo inxulumene nobunzima kunye nomfutho wokuhamba Ukulingana kolondolozo kuyahambelana kwaye kuxhasa umgaqo ongasentla we-empirical.Kuphela intonga yoxinzelelo lwentonga kwisithuba phakathi kweentonga ziphambuka kancinane kulo mgaqo.I-Dimensionless semi-empirical correlations yenziwa engasetyenziselwa ukuyila izixhobo ezifanayo zehydraulic. s20,21,22,23,24.
Isiphumo esinomdla ngokukhethekileyo sivela kuhlalutyo lokuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kokungena kunye nokuphuma kwecandelo lovavanyo.Ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki kovavanyo, isiphumo sokutsalwa kwe-coefficient silingana nobunye, nto leyo ebonisa ubukho bezi parameters ezilandelayo:
Qaphela ubungakanani \(\ left(d/g+2\right)d/g\) kwidenominator of the equation.(23) bubukhulu kwizibiyeli kwi-equation.(4), kungenjalo ingabalwa ngobuncinci kunye ne-free cross-section perpendicular to rod, \({A}_{m}}\) Oku kuhlale kuhlongozwa ukuba \{} amanani aphakathi kuluhlu \ (} Uphononongo lwangoku (40,000-67,000 yamajelo kunye ne-2500-6500 yeentonga) kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba kukho ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi komjelo, kunokuchaphazela ubuninzi be-fluid.Kule meko, utshintsho oluhambelanayo kwinombolo ye-Euler inokuqikelelwa ngokuphindaphinda i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ngomlinganiselo ophezulu olindelekileyo wokushisa.
I-Ruck, S., Köhler, S., Schlindwein, G., kunye ne-Arbeiter, F. Ukudluliselwa kobushushu kunye nemilinganiselo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kumjelo owenziwe rhabaxa ngeembambo ezimile ngokwahlukileyo eludongeni.
I-Wu, L., Arenas, L., Graves, J., kunye noWalsh, F. Ukubonakaliswa kweeseli ezijikelezayo: ukubonakala kokuhamba, ukuhla koxinzelelo, kunye nokuthuthwa kobuninzi kwii-electrodes ezimbini-dimensional kwi-rectangular channels.J.Electrochemistry.Socialist Party.167, 043505 (2020).
Liu, S., Dou, X., Zeng, Q. & Liu, J. Iiparamitha eziphambili zempembelelo yeJamin kwii-capillaries ezine-constricted cross-sections.J.IGasoline.science.Britane.196, 107635 (2021).