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Kweli phepha, i-220GHz broadband high-power interleaved double-blade wave wave tube yenzelwe kwaye ingqinisiswe.Okokuqala, iplani yeplani yeplani ye-double-beam staggered double-blade-slow-wave structure iyacetywa.Ngokusebenzisa i-double-mode-operation scheme, ukuhanjiswa kwentsebenzo kunye ne-bandwidth iphantse ibe yi-single-mode.Okwesibini, ukuze kuphuhliswe i-tube yokuhamba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokuhamba kunye nokuphucula i-tube ye-pencil. I-ped electronic optical system yenzelwe, i-voltage yokuqhuba yi-20 ~ 21 kV, kwaye yangoku yi-2 × 80 mA. Uyilo lweenjongo. Ngokusebenzisa i-mask part kunye nokulawula i-electrode kwi-double beam gun, imiqadi emibini yepensile inokugxininiswa kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-7, umgama ogxininisekileyo ugxininise kwaye ugxininise kwi-0.18 mm kwaye i-forming ingqwalasela i-0.18. Umgama wobuthunywa weplana yombane we-electron ophindwe kabini unokufikelela kwi-45 mm, kwaye intsimi yemagnethi egxininisekile yi-0.6 T, eyaneleyo ukugubungela yonke inkqubo ye-frequency ephezulu (HFS) . Emva koko, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenziseka kwenkqubo ye-electron-optical kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo esicothayo, i-particle cell (PIC) ukulinganisa kwenziwa kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-HFS1 kufutshane ne-2 yeziphumo ze-2 ze-peam-2 ezibonisa amandla ombane. I-20 GHz, i-voltage ye-beam ephuculweyo yi-20.6 kV, i-beam yangoku yi-2 × 80 mA, inzuzo yi-38 dB, kunye ne-3-dB bandwidth idlula i-35 dB malunga ne-70 GHz. Ekugqibeleni, ukwakhiwa kwe-microstructure ephezulu echanekileyo kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweziphumo kunye neempawu ze-HFS, kunye neempawu ze-HFS. okucetywayo kweli phepha kulindeleke ukuba kuphuhliswe imithombo yamandla aphezulu, i-ultra-broadband terahertz-band imithombo yemitha enokubakho kwizicelo zexesha elizayo.
Njengesixhobo se-elektroniki se-vacuum yendabuko, i-tube ehambayo (TWT) idlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kwizicelo ezininzi ezifana ne-radar enesisombululo esiphezulu, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, kunye nokuhlola indawo1,2,3.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-frequency yokusebenza ingena kwibhendi ye-terahertz, i-TWT yendabuko edibeneyo-cavity kunye ne-helical TWT ayikwazanga ngenxa yemveliso ephantsi ye-TWT ngenxa yokuvelisa amandla aphantsi, ukukhawulelana nombane ophantsi. indlela yokuphucula ngokubanzi ukusebenza kwebhendi yeTHz ibe ngumba oxhalabileyo kumaziko amaninzi ophando lwezenzululwazi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izakhiwo zenoveli ezicothayo (SWSs), ezifana nezakhiwo ezibambeneyo ezimbini (SDV) kunye nezakhiwo ze-waveguide (FW), zifumene ingqwalasela ebanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zendalo zeplani, ngakumbi i-promises ye-SDCV enokubakho kwi-SDCV-SDV enokubakho. I-084.Isakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo singenziwa lula nge-micro-nano processing techniques ezifana nokulawulwa kwamanani ekhompyutheni (CNC) kunye ne-UV-LIGA, isakhiwo sepakethe yensimbi yonke inokubonelela ngomthamo omkhulu we-thermal kunye namandla aphezulu okuvelisa kunye nokuzuza, kunye nesakhiwo esifana ne-waveguide sinokubonelela nge-bandwidth ebanzi. Iimpawu ze-bandwidth ze-14 GHz kwi-G-band5. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo zisenezikhewu ezingenakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezihambelanayo zamandla aphezulu kunye ne-bandwidth ebanzi kwi-terahertz band.Kuba i-UC-Davis ye-G-band ye-SDV-TWT, iiplanga ze-electron zamaphepha zisetyenzisiwe.Nangona le nkqubo inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo umthamo wangoku wokuthwala umgama we-electron umgama onzima wokuhambisa umgama we-electron umgama onzima kwi-beam. OS), kwaye kukho itonela ye-beam ekwimo engaphezulu, enokubangela ukuba umqadi uzilawule ngokwawo.-I-Excitation kunye ne-oscillation ye-6,7.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamandla aphezulu aphumayo, i-bandwidth ebanzi kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo kwe-THz TWT, i-SDV-SWS ye-dual-beam SDV-SWS kunye nokusebenza kwe-mode-mode ecetywayo kweli phepha.Oko kukuthi, ukuze kwandiswe i-bandwidth yokusebenza, ukusebenza kweendlela ezimbini kucetywayo kwaye kufakwe kule nkqubo yokwandisa i-penciarng, i-deposit ye-planciar. le ipensile beam radios zincinane ngokwentelekiso ngenxa nkqo ubukhulu contraints.Ukuba ingxinano yangoku iphezulu kakhulu, umqadi ngoku kufuneka kuncitshiswe, nto leyo ebangela amandla asezantsi ngokwentelekiso imveliso.Ukuphucula umqadi yangoku, planar isasazwe multibeam EOS iye yavela, nto leyo exhaphaza ubungakanani ecaleni SWS.Ngenxa kwimveliso ezimeleyo umqadi lilonke yi itoneral iplani ezimeleyo enokusasazwa kunye nokugcina i-tunnel yeplani ezimeleyo isasazwa ngokusasazwa kweplani kunye nokugcina i-tunnel yeplanga ephezulu ngokusasazwa kwe-tunneling yangoku yangoku encinci kwi-beam nganye, enokuthi iphephe i-overmode ye-boam tunneling xa kuthelekiswa ne-sheet-beam devices.Ngoko ke, kunenzuzo ukugcina uzinzo lwe-tube wave ehambahambayo.Ngokwesiseko somsebenzi wangaphambili8,9, eli phepha liphakamisa i-G-band uniform magnetic field egxininise i-double pencil beam EOS, enokuphucula kakhulu umgama wokuhambisa ozinzileyo we-beam kunye nokuphucula kakhulu indawo yokunxibelelana kwe-beam kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi indawo yokunxibelelana.
Ukwakhiwa kweli phepha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Okokuqala, uyilo lweseli ye-SWS kunye neeparameters, uhlalutyo lweempawu zokusabalalisa kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa iifrikhwensi eziphakamileyo zichazwe.Emva koko, ngokuhambelana nesakhiwo seyunithi yeyunithi, i-double pencil beam EOS kunye nenkqubo yokusebenzisana kwe-beam zenzelwe kweli phepha.Iziphumo ze-Intracellular particle simulation simulation nazo zibonakaliswe ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-SDV kunye ne-TWWT ebandayo ye-SDV kunye nokusebenza kwephepha elibandayo kwi-TWT. qinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo yonke iHFS.Ekugqibeleni yenza isishwankathelo.
Njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-TWT, iipropati ezisasazekayo zesakhiwo sokucotha-amaza zibonisa ukuba isantya se-electron sihambelana nesantya sesigaba se-SWS, kwaye ngaloo ndlela sinempembelelo enkulu kwintsebenziswano ye-beam-wave. Ulwakhiwo luthatha umqadi ophindwe kabini ukuqhubela phambili ukuphucula amandla emveliso kunye nokuzinza komsebenzi.Ngeli xesha, ukuze kwandiswe i-bandwidth esebenzayo, kucetyiswe imowudi emibini ukuba i-SWS isebenze.Ngenxa ye-symmetry yesakhiwo se-SDV, isisombululo se-equation ye-electromagnetic field dispersion equation inokwahlulwa ibe ziimowudi ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezo. Ngelo xesha, eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yebhanti yefrikhwensi ephantsi kunye nokuqonda ukuba imowudi ye-bandby esezantsi isetyenziswa ngakumbi, imowudi ye-bandby ukuphucula umda wokusebenza.
Ngokweemfuno zamandla, ityhubhu yonke yenzelwe i-voltage ye-20 kV kunye ne-double beam current ye-2 × 80 mA. Ukuze ulungelelanise i-voltage ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-bandwidth yokusebenza ye-SDV-SWS, kufuneka sibale ubude bexesha p.Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane we-beam kunye nexesha liboniswa kwi-equation (1)10:
Ngokuseta ukutshintshwa kwesigaba ukuya ku-2.5π kumbindi we-220 GHz, ixesha p lingabalwa ukuba libe yi-0.46 mm.Umfanekiso 2a ubonisa iipropati zokusasazwa kweyunithi yeyunithi ye-SWS.I-20 kV beamline ihambelana negophe le-bimodal kakuhle kakhulu.Ukuhambelana kweebhendi zefrikhwensi kunokufikelela malunga ne-70 GHz kunye ne-2 GHz 250 GHz 251 kwimowudi ye-2.6802. I-GHz (nokuba imodi) ububanzi.Umfanekiso we-2b ubonisa umyinge wokudibanisa ukudibanisa, ongaphezu kwe-0.6 Ω ukusuka kwi-210 ukuya kwi-290 GHz, ebonisa ukuba ukusebenzisana okunamandla kunokwenzeka kwi-bandwidth yokusebenza.
(a) Iimpawu zokusasazwa kweendlela ezimbini ze-SDV-SWS kunye nomda we-electron we-20 kV.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho umsantsa phakathi kweendlela ezingaqhelekanga kunye neendlela, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sibhekisela kulo msantsa webhendi njenge-stop band, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2a.Ukuba i-TWT iqhutywe kufuphi ne-frequency band, amandla okudibanisa umqadi oqinileyo angenzeka, okuya kukhokelela kwi-oscillations engafunekiyo. isakhiwo se-ve kuphela yi-0.1 GHz.Kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba le gap encinci yebhendi ibangela i-oscillations.Ngoko ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi ojikeleze i-stop band kuya kuphandwa kwicandelo elilandelayo le-PIC lokulinganisa ukuhlalutya ukuba i-oscillations engafunwayo ingenzeka.
Imodeli ye-HFS yonke iboniswe kwi-Figure 3. Iqukethe izigaba ezibini ze-SDV-SWS, ezidityaniswe yi-Bragg reflectors.Umsebenzi we-reflector ukunqumla ukuhanjiswa komqondiso phakathi kwezigaba ezimbini, ukucinezela i-oscillation kunye nokubonakaliswa kweendlela ezingasebenziyo ezifana neendlela eziphezulu ze-oda ezenziwe phakathi kwendawo ephezulu kunye ne-yangaphandle ye-tape blades, ngokuphucula umgca we-tape, apho uxhulumaniso lwe-tape luphela. I-coupler iphinda isetyenziswe ukudibanisa i-SWS kwi-WR-4 ye-waveguide ye-waveguide.I-coefficient yokuhanjiswa kwesakhiwo semigangatho emibini ilinganiswa ngumxazululi we-domain yexesha kwi-software ye-3D yokulinganisa i-software.Ukuqwalasela umphumo wangempela we-terahertz band kwizinto eziphathekayo, izinto ze-vacuum imvulophu zibekwe kuqala kwi-copper, kwaye i-conductivity iyancipha ukuya kwi-5m × 12.
Umzobo we-4 ubonisa iziphumo zothumelo lwe-HFS kunye kunye nangaphandle kwe-coupler tapered yomgca.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-coupler inempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kokuhanjiswa kwayo yonke i-HFS.Ilahleko yokubuyisela (S11 <-10 dB) kunye nokulahlekelwa kokufaka (S21> - 5 dB) yenkqubo yonke kwi-207GHz ~ 280 yokuhanjiswa kwe-HFS elungileyo.
Njengoko ukunikezelwa kwamandla kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki ze-vacuum, isibhamu se-electron sinquma ngokuthe ngqo ukuba isixhobo siyakwazi ukuvelisa amandla okwaneleyo okuphumayo.Idibaniswe nohlalutyo lwe-HFS kwiCandelo le-II, i-EOS ye-double-beam idinga ukuyilwa ukuze inike amandla okwaneleyo.Kule nxalenye, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wangaphambili kwi-W-band8,9, i-electron gun yepencil ephindwe kabini yenzelwe ukusebenzisa iplani ye-mask ye-mask kunye ne-SWA eboniswe kwiimfuno ze-mask zeplani kunye nokulawula i-electrodes kwi-SWA.I-2, i-voltage yokuqhuba i-Ua yeeplanga ze-electron iqale ibekwe kwi-20 kV, imisinga I kwimiqadi ye-electron ezimbini zombini i-80 mA, kunye ne-diameter ye-dw ye-electron imiqadi yi-0.13 mm. Ngelo xesha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubuninzi bangoku be-electron beam bunokufezekiswa komlinganiselo we-electron de i-elektroni, i-elektroni ye-elektroni ikwazi ukufikelela kwi-cathode yangoku ubuninzi be-electron beam yi-603 A / cm2, kunye nokuxinana kwangoku kwe-cathode yi-86 A / cm2, enokuthi iphunyezwe ngokuSebenzisa izinto ezintsha ze-cathode.Ngokombono woyilo 14, 15, 16, 17, umpu we-electron we-Pierce unokuchongwa ngokukodwa.
Umzobo wesi-5 ubonisa imizobo ethe tyaba kunye nethe nkqo yesikimu sompu, ngokulandelelanayo.Ingabonwa ukuba iprofayile ye-electron gun kwi-x-direction iphantse ifane neyompu we-electron oqhelekileyo weshiti, ngelixa u-y-directioni imiqadi ye-electron yahlulwe ngokuyinxenye yi-mask = i-5mm = i-x5 mm kunye nezikhundla ze-x5 ze-x 0. = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, ngokulandelanayo.Ngokuhambelana neemfuno zoyilo lomlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kunye nobukhulu be-injection ye-electron, imilinganiselo yeendawo ezimbini ze-cathode zizimisele ukuba yi-0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Ukuze wenze intsimi yombane egxininisiweyo efunyenwe yi-electron beam nganye kwi-x-direction symmetrical malunga neziko layo, eli phepha lisebenzisa i-electrode yokulawula kwi-electron gun.Ngokubeka i-voltage ye-electrode egxininisekileyo kunye ne-electrode yokulawula ukuya ku--20 kV, kunye nombane we-anode ukuya kwi-0 V, sinokufumana i-electrode yokulawula kwi-electron gun. ii-electron zinoxinzelelo oluhle kwi-y-direction, kwaye umqadi ngamnye we-electron uguqulela kwi-x-direction kunye neziko layo le-symmetry, ebonisa ukuba i-electrode yokulawula ibhalansisa intsimi yombane engalinganiyo eyenziwa yi-electrode egxininisekileyo.
Umzobo wesi-7 ubonisa imvulophu yebhodi kwiindlela ze-x kunye ne-y. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umgama weprojekthi ye-electron beam kwi-x-direction ihluke kuleyo kwi-y-direction.Umgama wokuphosa kwi-x malunga ne-4mm, kwaye umgama wokuphosa kwicala le-y usondele kwi-7mm.Ngoko ke, umgama ochanekileyo wokuphosa kufuneka ukhethwe phakathi kwe-4 mm kunye ne-electron ye-4. mm ukusuka kwi-cathode surface.Siyakwazi ukubona ukuba imilo yecandelo lomnqamlezo isondele kwi-standard ye-electron beam.Umgama phakathi kwemiqadi ye-electron ezimbini isondele kwi-0.31 mm eyilwe, kwaye i-radius imalunga ne-0.13 mm, ehlangabezana neemfuno zokuyila.Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa iziphumo zokulinganisa umqadi wangoku.Ingabonwa ukuba i-6 ye-brown yangoku ibonwa ukuba yi-6 ye-contract yangoku.
Ukuqwalasela ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane wokuqhuba kwizicelo eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukufunda uvakalelo lombane kule modeli.Kuluhlu lwamandla ombane we-19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, iimvulophu zangoku kunye ne-beam zangoku zifunyenwe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 kunye noMzobo 1.10 kunye ne-11.Ukusuka kwiziphumo, kunokubonwa ukuba utshintsho lwe-electron ye-elektroni yangoku, i-voltage ye-elektroni ayinayo i-voltage yangoku, i-voltage yangoku ayinayo i-voltage ye-elektroni kunye ne-elektroni yangoku. .74 ukuya kwi-0.78 A. Ngoko ke, kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba umpu we-electron owenziwe kweli phepha unovakalelo oluhle kumbane.
Isiphumo sokuhla kwamandla ombane okuqhuba kwiimvulophu zemiqadi ye-x kunye no-y.
I-uniform magnetic field focusing is a eqhelekileyo osisigxina umazibuthe system.Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwemagnethi efanayo kwitshaneli yombane, ifaneleke kakhulu kwimiqadi ye-electron axisymmetric.Kweli candelo, inkqubo yogxininiso yemagnethi efanayo yokugcina ukuhanjiswa komgama omde wemiqadi yepensile ephindwe kabini kucetywayo.Ngokuhlalutya intsimi yamagnetic eyenziweyo kunye nenkqubo ye-beam ye-envelope ye-envelope, isicwangciso soyilo lwe-envelope luyingxaki, inkqubo yoyilo kunye ne-envelope yoyilo. Ithiyori yothumelo oluzinzileyo lwentsimbi yepensile enye18,19, ixabiso le-Brillouin magnetic field lingabalwa nge-equation (2) .Kweli phepha, sikwasebenzisa olu ngqamaniso ukuqikelela intsimi yamagnetic ye-beam yepensile ephindwe kabini.Idityaniswe nompu we-electron owenziwe kweli phepha, ixabiso le-magnetic elibaliweyo le-0 limalunga ne-Gs4Accord0.I-20, i-1.5-2 amaxesha ixabiso elibaliweyo lidla ngokukhethwa kwizicwangciso eziphathekayo.
Umfanekiso we-12 ubonisa ulwakhiwo lwentsimi yemagnethi efanayo egxininise inkqubo.Inxalenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yimagnethi esisigxina kwi-axial direction.Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo yi-NdFeB okanye i-FeCoNi.I-remanence Br iseti kwimodeli yokulinganisa i-1.3 T kunye nokugqithiswa kwe-1.05.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okuzinzile kwemagnethi, ubude be-mabuthe obuzinzile kwisekethe ye-7 mm kwisekethi yonke. umazibuthe kwicala le-x imisela ukuba intsimi yemagnethi enqamlezayo kwijelo lomqadi iyunifomu, efuna ukuba ubungakanani kwicala le-x alinakuba lincinci kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, kuqwalaselwa iindleko kunye nobunzima betyhubhu yonke, ubungakanani bemagnethi akufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu.Ngoko ke, iimagnethi zisetwa ekuqaleni ukuya kwi-150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mm kwisekethe, ibeka umgama ocothayo kumgama we-70 mm , ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgama ubekwe kumgama we-70 mm. phakathi kwemagnethi imiselwe kwi-20mm.
Ngo-2015, u-Purna Chandra Panda21 ucebise isiqwenga sepali kunye nomngxuma omtsha onyathelayo kwinkqubo yokugxilwa kwemagnethi efanayo, enokunciphisa ngakumbi ubukhulu bokuvuza kwe-flux ukuya kwi-cathode kunye ne-transverse magnetic field eveliswa kwi-pole piece hole. 0.5mm, kwaye umgama phakathi kwemingxuma yesiqwenga sepali yi-2mm, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso we-13.
Umfanekiso we-14a ubonisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-axial magnetic field kunye ne-centerlines ye-electron beams ezimbini.Kungabonwa ukuba amandla amagnetic field kunye nemiqadi ye-electron alinganayo.Ixabiso le-magnetic field limalunga ne-6000 Gs, eli-1.5 ngamaxesha e-thiyoretical intsimi ye-Brillouin yokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kunye nokugxininisa ukusebenza.Ngelo xesha, i-patho ye-pali yokugxininisa i-0 ithintela i-pali ye-magnetic malunga ne-0, i-0 ithintele i-pali egxininisiweyo Ukuvuza kombane wemagnethi , kuyimfuneko ukufunda amandla ombane wamagnetic ngaphakathi kweengcezu zesibonda.Umfanekiso we-14c ubonisa ixabiso elipheleleyo lokusasazwa kwamagnetic field ngaphakathi kwisiqwenga sesibonda.
Unikezelo lwamandla ommandla wemagnethi we-Br = 1.3 T.(a) Unikezelo lwebala le-Axial.(b) Ukuhanjiswa kwebala eliLateral Ngakwicala lika-z.(c) Ixabiso elipheleleyo losasazo lwebala phakathi kwepali.
Ngokusekelwe kwimodyuli ye-CST PS, indawo ye-axial ye-axial ye-dual beam gun kunye nenkqubo yokugxininisa iphuculwe.Ngokutsho kweNgcaciso.9 kunye nokulinganisa, indawo efanelekileyo apho iqhekeza le-anode liwela isiqwenga sepali kude nemagnethi.Noko kunjalo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuba i-remanence imiselwe kwi-1.3T, ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron beam ayikwazanga ukufikelela kwi-99%.Ngokwandisa i-remanence ukuya kwi-1.4 T, intsimi yemagnethi egxininisekile iya kwandiswa kwi-0 ukuya kwi-Gzoz ye-GX kwi-tram ye-6 kunye ne-Film ye-GX kwi-trak i-gure 15. Ingabonwa ukuba i-beam inokuhanjiswa okulungileyo, ukuguquguquka okuncinci, kunye nomgama wokuhambisa omkhulu kune-45mm.
Iitrajethi zemiqadi yepensile ephindwe kabini phantsi kwenkqubo kazibuthe ene-homogeneous ene-Br = 1.4 T.(a) indiza ye-xoz.(b) yoz inqwelomoya.
Umzobo we-16 ubonisa i-cross-section of the beam kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo kude ne-cathode.Kungabonwa ukuba ukumila kwecandelo le-beam kwinkqubo yokugxininisa igcinwe kakuhle, kwaye ububanzi becandelo alitshintshi kakhulu.Umfanekiso we-17 ubonisa iimvulophu zebhodi kwiindlela ze-x kunye ne-y, ngokulandelanayo.Ingabonwa ukuba ukuguquguquka kwecandelo le-beam kwinkqubo yokugxininisa igcinwe kakuhle, kwaye ububanzi becandelo alitshintshi kakhulu. .Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba okwangoku malunga ne-2 × 80 mA, ehambelana nexabiso elibalwe kwi-design gun electron.
I-electron beam cross section (ngenkqubo yokugxininisa) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kude ne-cathode.
Ukuqwalasela uthotho lweengxaki ezifana neempazamo zendibano, ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane, kunye notshintsho kumandla kazibuthe kwizicelo zokwenziwa komsebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya uvakalelo lwenkqubo yokugxila.Ngenxa yokuba kukho umsantsa phakathi kwesiqwenga se-anode kunye nesiqwenga sepali ekuqhutyweni kwangempela, lo msantsa kufuneka ubekwe kwi-simulation.Ixabiso le-gap libekwe kwi-0.2 mm kunye nesiphumo sangoku sibonisa ukuba i-envelope yangoku ibonisa ukuba i-0.2 mm kwaye i-envelope yangoku ibonisa ukuba i-envelope yangoku. Utshintsho kwimvulophu ye-boam ayibalulekanga kwaye i-beam yangoku ayiguquki.Ngoko ke, inkqubo ayikhathali kwiimpazamo zendibano.Ngokuguquguquka kombane wokuqhuba, uluhlu lwempazamo lusetelwe ku-± 0.5 kV. Umzobo 19b ubonisa iziphumo zokuthelekisa.Kungabonwa ukuba utshintsho lwe-voltage lunempembelelo encinci kwi-envelope ye-beam kwi-envelope ye-300. iziphumo ziboniswe kwi-Figure 20.Kungabonwa ukuba imvulophu ye-boam ayiguquki, oku kuthetha ukuba yonke i-EOS ayinaluvelwano kwiinguqu kumandla ombane.
Imvulophu yomqadi kunye neziphumo zangoku phantsi kwenkqubo efanayo yogxininiso lwemagnethi.(a) Ukunyamezela kweNdibano yi-0.2 mm.(b) Ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane yi-±0.5 kV.
Imvulophu yomqadi phantsi kwenkqubo efanayo yemagnethi yokujolisa ene-axial magnetic field amandla aguquguqukayo ukusuka kwi-0.63 ukuya kwi-0.68 T.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inkqubo yogxininiso eyenzelwe kweli phepha inokuhambelana ne-HFS, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa inkqubo yokugxila kunye ne-HFS yophando.Umfanekiso we-21 ubonisa ukuthelekiswa kweemvulophu ze-beam kunye nangaphandle kwe-HFS elayishiwe.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba imvulophu ye-boam ayitshintshi kakhulu xa i-HFS yonke ilayishiwe.Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokugxininisa ifanelekile kwi-tube ye-HFS ehamba phambili yoyilo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-EOS ecetywayo kwiCandelo le-III kunye nokuphanda ukusebenza kwe-220 GHz SDV-TWT, ukulinganisa kwe-3D-PIC yokunxibelelana kwe-beam-wave kwenziwa.Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesoftware yokulinganisa, asikwazanga ukongeza yonke i-EOS kwi-HFS.Ngoko ke, isibhamu se-electron satshintshwa kunye ne-surface elinganayo ye-0mm kunye ne-30mm yomhlaba olinganayo kunye nomgama olinganayo we-30 mm. .31mm, iiparitha ezifanayo njenge-electron gun eyenzelwe ngasentla.Ngenxa yokungabi namvakalelo kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo kwe-EOS, i-voltage yokuqhuba inokuthi iphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ukufezekisa amandla aphumayo angcono kakhulu kwi-PIC yokulinganisa.Iziphumo zokulinganisa zibonisa ukuba amandla aphumayo agcweleyo kunye nokuzuza kunokufumaneka kwi-voltage yokuqhubela i-20.6 kV, i-beam yangoku ye-2 m5 / 60 × 80 cm, kunye ne-30 × 80 .
Ukuze ufumane eyona mveliso ilungileyo, inani lemijikelo likwafuneka liphuculwe.Awona mandla aphumayo afumaneka xa inani lezigaba ezibini liyi-42 + 48 imijikelezo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 22a.A 0.05 W isignali yokufaka ikhuliswe ukuya kwi-314 W ngokufumana i-38 dB.Imveliso ye-Fourking spectrum ye-2GHz ipurepu ye-Fourking, i-FastFi 2GHz ecocekileyo I-re 22b ibonisa indawo ye-axial yonikezelo lwamandla e-electron kwi-SWS, kunye noninzi lwee-electron ezilahlekelwa amandla.Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba i-SDV-SWS inokuguqula amandla e-kinetic yee-electron zibe ziimpawu ze-RF, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukukhulisa umqondiso.
Isiginali yemveliso ye-SDV-SWS kwi-220 GHz. (a) Amandla emveliso aquka i-spectrum.
Umzobo wama-23 ubonisa i-bandwidth yamandla emveliso kunye nokufumana i-double-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT.Imveliso yemveliso ingaphuculwa ngakumbi ngokutshayela amaza ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kwi-275 GHz kunye nokwandisa i-voltage ye-drive.Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba i-3-dB i-dB ingagubungela i-205 ukuya kwi-275 bandwidth yokusebenza enkulu, i-275 GHz.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwe-Fig. 2a, siyazi ukuba kukho ibhendi yokumisa phakathi kweendlela ezingaqhelekanga kunye neendlela, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwi-oscillations engafunekiyo.Ngoko ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi malunga nokumisa kufuneka kufundwe.Amanani angama-24a-c yi-20 ns iziphumo zokulinganisa kwi-265.3 GHz, i-265.35 i-GHz, i-265. i-ctuations, amandla okuphuma azinzile.I-spectrum iphinda iboniswe kwi-Figure 24 ngokulandelanayo, i-spectrum ihlambulukile.Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba akukho-self-oscillation kufuphi ne-stopband.
Ukwenziwa kunye nokulinganisa kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo yonke i-HFS.Kule nxalenye, i-HFS yenziwe ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokulawula amanani ekhompyutheni (i-CNC) kunye nobubanzi besixhobo se-0.1 mm kunye nokuchaneka kwe-machining ye-10 μm. Izinto eziphathekayo ze-high-frequency structure zinikezelwa yi-oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFgu6) i-copper6 yesakhiwo esipheleleyo se-20. I-0 mm, ububanzi be-20.00 mm kunye nobude be-8.66 mm. Imingxuma ye-pin esibhozo isasazwa malunga nesakhiwo.Umfanekiso 25b ubonisa isakhiwo ngokuskena i-electron microscopy (SEM) iimfuno zoyilo kunye nokuchaneka.
Umzobo wama-26 ubonisa uthelekiso phakathi kweziphumo zokwenyani zovavanyo kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenza kothumelo.Izibuko 1 kunye neZibuko 2 kuMfanekiso 26a zihambelana nengeniso nemveliso yamazibuko eHFS, ngokulandelelanayo, kwaye zilingana neZibuko 1 kunye neZibuko lesi-4 kuMfanekiso 3.Ezona ziphumo zomlinganiselo wokoqobo we-S11 zingcono kancinane kunexesha lokulinganisa iziphumo. ekufanisweni kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu emva kokuba machining eyinyani ayilunganga.Kuko konke, iziphumo ezilinganisiweyo zikwisivumelwano esihle kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwebhanwidth ihlangabezana nemfuneko ye-70 GHz, eqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nokuchaneka kweendlela ezimbini ezicetywayo SDV-TWT.Ngoko ke, idityaniswe neziphumo, inkqubo yolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lwe-SDV-SDB olucetywayo loyilo loyilo lwe-DVra-SDT olucetywayo. iphepha lingasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Kweli phepha, uyilo oluneenkcukacha losasazo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT luvezwa.Udibaniso lwendlela yokusebenza kabini kunye ne-double-beam excitation yonyusa ngakumbi i-bandwidth yokusebenza kunye ne-output power.I-Family kunye novavanyo olubandayo luye lwaqhutyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo yonke i-HFS.Iziphumo zokulinganisa ngokwenene zivumelana kakuhle kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa. Kwi-EOS eyilwe ngamabini amabini, icandelo lemaski kunye ne-electrode yokulawula isetyenziswe kunye ukuvelisa i-pencil beam ezimbini.Ngaphantsi kweyunifomu eyiliweyo egxininise kwintsimi yamagnetic, i-electron beam inokudluliselwa ngokuzinzileyo kwimigama emide kunye nokuma okuhle.Kwixesha elizayo, ukuveliswa kunye novavanyo lwe-EOS luya kuqhutywa, kunye novavanyo loyilo lwe-TWSD olupheleleyo luya kuqhutywa. kweli phepha lidibanisa ngokupheleleyo iteknoloji yokucwangcisa inqwelomoya yangoku, kwaye ibonisa amandla amakhulu kwizalathisi zokusebenza kunye nokucubungula kunye nokuhlanganisana.Ngoko ke, eli phepha likholelwa ukuba ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo lunokuthi lube yindlela yophuhliso lwezixhobo zombane ze-vacuum kwibhendi ye-terahertz.
Uninzi lwedatha eluhlaza kunye neemodeli zokuhlalutya kolu phononongo lufakwe kweli phepha.Olunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo lunokufumaneka kumbhali ohambelanayo ngesicelo esifanelekileyo.
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