Umgodi uya usiba nzulu minyaka le - 30 m, ngokweengxelo zeshishini.
Njengoko ubunzulu busanda, ngokunjalo nesidingo sokungenisa umoya kunye nokupholisa, kwaye uHowden uyakwazi oku kumava okusebenza neyona migodi inzulu eMzantsi Afrika.
I-Howden yasekwa ngo-1854 nguJames Howden eSkotlani njengenkampani yobunjineli baselwandle kwaye yangena eMzantsi Afrika ngeminyaka yoo-1950 ukuze ibonelele ngezidingo zemigodi kunye namashishini ombane.Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, inkampani yanceda ekuxhobiseni imigodi yegolide enzulu yelizwe ngazo zonke iindlela zokungena komoya kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezifunekayo ukukhupha iimayile ezikrwada ngokukhuselekileyo nangobuchule phantsi komhlaba.
“Ekuqaleni, umgodi wawusebenzisa kuphela umoya wokuphuma komoya njengendlela yokupholisa, kodwa njengokuba ubunzulu bemigodi bunyuka, ukupholisa ngoomatshini kwafuneka ukuhlawulela umthwalo okhulayo wobushushu emgodini,” uTeunes Wasserman, intloko yecandelo leHowden's Mine Cooling and Compressors, uxelele i-IM.
Imigodi yegolide enzulu emininzi eMzantsi Afrika ifakele iFreon™ centrifugal coolers ngaphezulu nangaphantsi komhlaba ukunika ukupholisa okuyimfuneko kubasebenzi abangaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezixhobo.
Ngaphandle kokuphuculwa kobume bemeko, inkqubo yokuphelisa ubushushu yomatshini ongaphantsi komhlaba yabonakala iyingxaki, njengoko amandla okupholisa umatshini ayencitshiswe bubushushu kunye nobungakanani bomoya okhoyo, utshilo uWasserman.Ngaxeshanye, umgangatho wamanzi emigodini ubangele ukungcoliswa okumandla kweqokobhe kunye netyhubhu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu esetyenziswa kwezi zikhenkcezisi ze-centrifugal zakuqala.
Ukusombulula le ngxaki, imigodi yaqalisa ukumpompa umoya obandayo ukusuka phezulu ukuya emhlabeni.Ngelixa oku kwandisa umthamo wokupholisa, iziseko ezingundoqo eziyimfuneko zithatha indawo kwisisele kwaye inkqubo ingamandla kunye namandla amakhulu.
Ukujongana nale miba, imigodi ifuna ukwandisa ubuninzi bomoya obandayo obuziswa emhlabeni ngeeyunithi zamanzi abandayo.
Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba i-Howden yazise izipholisi ze-amino screw emigodini yaseMzantsi Afrika, okokuqala ngokulandelelana emva kwezipholileyo ezikhoyo kumphezulu we-centrifugal.Oku kukhokelele kutshintsho lwenyathelo kwisixa sesipholisi esinokubonelelwa kule migodi yegolide inzulu ephantsi komhlaba, okukhokelele ekwehleni komndilili wobushushu bamanzi aphezu komhlaba ukusuka kwi-6-8°C ukuya kwi-1°C.Umgodi unokusebenzisa isiseko semibhobho efanayo, uninzi lwazo sele lufakelwe, ngeli lixa unyusa kakhulu umthamo wokupholisa osiwa kwiileya ezinzulu.
Malunga neminyaka engama-20 emva kokuqaliswa kwe-WRV 510, u-Howden, umdlali ohamba phambili kwimarike ebaleni, waphuhlisa i-WRV 510, i-block screw compressor enkulu ene-rotor eyi-510 mm.Yayiyenye yezona zinto zinkulu zokucinezela izikrufu kwimarike ngelo xesha kwaye yahambelana nobungakanani bemodyuli yokupholisa efunekayo ukupholisa loo migodi inzulu yaseMzantsi Afrika.
“Oku kuyatshintsha kuba imigodi inokufakela i-10-12 MW enye yokupholisa endaweni yeqela leefriji,” utshilo uWasserman.Kwangaxeshanye, i-ammonia njengefriji eluhlaza ikufanelekele ukudityaniswa kwee-screw compressors kunye nobushushu beplate.
Iingqwalasela ze-ammonia zaye zenziwa ngokusesikweni kwiinkcukacha kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko ye-ammonia kushishino lwemigodi, kunye ne-Howden edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yoyilo.Ziye zahlaziywa zaza zabandakanywa kumthetho waseMzantsi Afrika.
Le mpumelelo ingqinwa kukufakelwa komthamo ongaphezu kwama-350 eeMW efrijini yeammonia lishishini lemigodi laseMzantsi Afrika, nelithathwa njengelona likhulu ehlabathini.
Kodwa inguqulelo kaHowden eMzantsi Afrika ayizange iphelele apho: ngo-1985 inkampani yongeza umatshini womkhenkce ongaphezulu kuluhlu olukhulayo lwezipholile zasemgodini.
Njengoko iinketho zokupholisa ngaphezulu komhlaba naphantsi komhlaba zinyuswa kakhulu okanye zibonwa zibiza kakhulu, imigodi ifuna isisombululo esitsha sokupholisa ukuze kwandiswe ngakumbi ukombiwa kwemigodi ukuya kumanqanaba anzulu.
IHowden yafakela umzi-mveliso wayo wokuqala wokwenza umkhenkce (umzekelo ongezantsi) ngo-1985 kwi-EPM (East Rand Proprietary Mine) kwimpuma yeRhawuti, enomthamo wokugqibela wokupholisa omalunga nama-40 MW kunye nomthamo womkhenkce oyi-4320 t/h.
Isiseko somsebenzi kukubunjwa komkhenkce phezu komhlaba kunye nokuwuthuthwa ngomgodi ukuya kwidama lomkhenkce elingaphantsi komhlaba, apho amanzi asuka kwidama lomkhenkce athi ajikelezwe kwizikhululo zokupholisa ezingaphantsi komhlaba okanye asetyenziswe njengamanzi enkqubo yokwemba amaqula.Umkhenkce onyibilikisiweyo uye umpontshelwe ubuyele phezulu.
Olona ncedo luphambili lwale nkqubo ye-icemaker ziindleko zokumpompa ezicuthiweyo, ezicutha iindleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene neenkqubo zamanzi abandayo aphezu komhlaba malunga ne-75-80%.Iza kwindalo "yamandla okupholisa agcinwe kwiinguqu zesigaba samanzi," watsho u-Wasserman, echaza ukuba i-1kg / s yomkhenkce inomthamo wokupholisa ofanayo kunye ne-4.5-5kg / s yamanzi afriziwe.
Ngenxa "yokusebenza kakuhle kokumisa", idama elingaphantsi komhlaba linokugcinwa kwi-2-5 ° C ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal yesikhululo sokupholisa umoya esingaphantsi komhlaba, kwakhona ukwandisa umthamo wokupholisa.
Olunye uncedo lokubaluleka okuthile kwendawo yokuvelisa amandla omkhenkce eMzantsi Afrika, ilizwe elaziwa ngokuba negridi yamandla engazinzanga, kukukwazi kwesixokelelwano ukusetyenziswa njengendlela yokugcina ubushushu, apho umkhenkce udalwa kwaye uqokelelwe kumadama omkhenkce angaphantsi komhlaba nangamaxesha obushushu..
Le nzuzo yokugqibela ikhokelele kuphuhliso lweprojekthi yentsebenziswano yoshishino exhaswa nguEskom phantsi kwayo iHowden iphanda ngokusetyenziswa kweemenzi zomkhenkce ukunciphisa imfuneko yombane ogqithiseleyo, ngeemeko zovavanyo eMponeng naseMoab Hotsong, eyona migodi inzulu emhlabeni phantsi komhlaba.
“Sakhe sakhenkceza idama ebusuku (emva kweeyure zomsebenzi) kwaye sasebenzisa amanzi kunye nomkhenkce onyibilikayo njengomthombo wokupholisa umgodi ngexesha lexesha eliphakamileyo,” ucacise watsho uWasserman."Iiyunithi zokupholisa ezisisiseko ziyacinywa ngamaxesha aphakamileyo, okunciphisa umthwalo kwigridi."
Oku kukhokelele kuphuhliso lomatshini womkhenkce ojikajikayo eMponeng, apho iHowden igqibezele umsebenzi oquka izixhobo zoluntu, zombane nezoomatshini ze-12 MW, 120 t/h umatshini womkhenkce.
Ukongezwa kutsha nje kwiqhinga lokupholisa leMponeng elingundoqo liquka umkhenkce othambileyo, amanzi apholileyo aphezu komhlaba, izipholile zomoya ongaphezulu (ii-BACs) kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa engaphantsi komhlaba.ubukho kumanzi omgodi wokugxilwa okuphezulu kweetyuwa ezinyityilisiweyo kunye neekloridi ngexesha lomsebenzi.
Ubutyebi bamava oMzantsi Afrika kunye nokugxila kwizisombululo, hayi iimveliso kuphela, kuyaqhubeka nokuguqula iinkqubo zesikhenkcisi kwihlabathi jikelele, utshilo.
Njengoko u-Wasserman ekhankanyiwe, njengoko imigodi emininzi isiya inzulu kwaye ininzi indawo emigodini, kulula ukubona izisombululo ezifana nesi zifumaneka kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
U-Meinhardt uthe: “I-Howden ibithumela iteknoloji yokupholisa umgodi onzulu eMzantsi Afrika amashumi eminyaka.Umzekelo, sanikezela ngezisombululo zokupholisa umgodi kwimigodi yegolide ephantsi komhlaba e-Nevada phaya kwiminyaka yoo-1990.
“Ubugcisa obunomdla obusetyenziswa kweminye imigodi yaseMzantsi Afrika kukugcina umkhenkce oshushu ukuze udlulise umthwalo – amandla ashushu agcinwa kumadama omkhenkce amakhulu.Umkhenkce uveliswa ngamaxesha axakeke kakhulu kwaye usetyenziswa ngamaxesha axakeke kakhulu,” utshilo.“Ngokwesiko, iiyunithi zesikhenkcisi ziyilelwe ubushushu obuphezulu obunokufikelela kwiiyure ezintathu ngosuku kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unakho ukugcina amandla okupholisa, ungawehlisa amandla. ”
"Ukuba unesicwangciso esinezinga eliphezulu eliphezulu kwaye ufuna ukunyusela kumaxabiso aphantsi ngexesha lexesha lokungabikho kwencopho, ezi zisombululo zokwenza umkhenkce zinokwenza imeko yeshishini elomeleleyo," utshilo."Imali yokuqala yomzi-mveliso inokuhlawula iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza."
Ngaxeshanye, iBAC, ebisetyenziswa kwimigodi yaseMzantsi Afrika kangangamashumi eminyaka, ifumana ukubaluleka ngakumbi nangakumbi kwihlabathi.
Xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lwe-BAC lwemveli, isizukulwana samva nje se-BACs sinamandla obushushu aphezulu kunabo bangaphambili, imida esezantsi yobushushu bomoya kunye neenyawo ezincinci.Bakwadibanisa imodyuli yokupholisa-kwimfuno (CoD) kwiqonga le-Howden Ventsim ULAWULO, elilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubushushu bomoya wekhola ukuhambelana neemfuno zangaphantsi komhlaba.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Howden inikezele ngee-BAC ezintathu zesizukulwana esitsha kubathengi baseBrazil naseBurkina Faso.
Inkampani ikwanakho ukuvelisa izisombululo ezilungiselelwe iimeko ezinzima zokusebenza;umzekelo wamva nje kukufakelwa 'kohlukileyo' kwezipholileyo ze-BAC ze-ammonia ze-OZ Minerals kumgodi weCarrapateena eMzantsi Ostreliya.
"I-Howden ifake i-condensers eyomileyo kunye ne-Howden ammonia compressors kunye ne-loop epholileyo yomoya evaliweyo e-Australia ngokungabikho kwamanzi akhoyo," kusho u-Wasserman malunga nofakelo.“Ngenxa yokuba olu lufakelo 'lomileyo' hayi izipholilezi ezivulekileyo ezifakwe kwiinkqubo zamanzi, ezi zipholileyo ziyilelwe ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu."
Inkampani kungoku nje ivavanya isisombululo sokubeka iliso kwi-8 MW kwi-onshore BAC plant (echazwe ngezantsi) eyilwe yaza yakhiwa kumgodi weSiliva waseYaramoko Fortuna (eyayisakuba yiRoxgold) eBurkina Faso.
Inkqubo, elawulwa ngumzi-mveliso waseHowden eRhawutini, ivumela inkampani ukuba icebise malunga nophuculo olunokubakho kunye nokulungiswa ukuze igcine umzi-mveliso usebenza ngeyona ndlela iphezulu.Iyunithi yeBAC kwindawo yemigodi yaseCaraiba e-Ero Copper, eBrazil nayo yenzelwe ukusebenzisa olu phawu.
Iqonga elipheleleyo leZisombululo zokuPhumelela kweMigodi (i-TMVS) liyaqhubeka nokwakha ubudlelwane obuzinzileyo bexabiso elongezelelekileyo kwaye inkampani iza kuphehlelela izifundo ezimbini ezinokwenzeka ngeVentilation On Demand (VoD) elizweni ngo-2021.
Kanye kumda waseZimbabwe, inkampani isebenza kwiprojekthi eya kwenza ividiyo-kwimfuno yeengcango ezizenzekelayo kwimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba, evumela ukuba zivuleke ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye zinike umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womoya wokupholisa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesithuthi.
Olu phuhliso lobuchwephesha, kusetyenziswa iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo zokumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nemithombo yedatha engekho kwishelufu, iya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeemveliso zexesha elizayo ze-Howden.
Amava aseHowden eMzantsi Afrika: Funda indlela yokuyila izisombululo zokupholisa ukuze ujongane nomgangatho ophantsi wamanzi kwimigodi yegolide enzulu, ukwenza izisombululo ngendlela eyonga amandla kangangoko ukuthintela iingxaki zegridi, kunye nendlela yokuhlangabezana nezona mfuno zingqongqo zomgangatho womoya.Ubushushu kunye neemfuno zempilo yomsebenzi kwihlabathi jikelele Ummiselo - uya kuqhubeka uhlawula imigodi kwihlabathi jikelele.
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