Inqaku loMhleli: Eli nqaku lelesibini kuluhlu olunamacandelo amabini kwimarike kunye nokuveliswa kwemigca yolwelo edayamitha encinci yokudlulisa ulwelo kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Icandelo lokuqala lixoxa ngokufumaneka kwasekhaya kweemveliso eziqhelekileyo kwezi zicelo, ezinqabileyo. Inxalenye yesibini ixoxa ngeemveliso ezimbini ezingezizo ezemveli kule marike.
Iintlobo ezimbini zemibhobho ye-welded hydraulic etyunjwe nguMbutho weeNjineli zeZimoto - i-SAE-J525 kunye ne-SAE-J356A - yabelana ngomthombo oqhelekileyo, njengoko zenza iinkcukacha zabo ezibhaliweyo. Imicu yentsimbi ecwecweyo inqunyulwe ububanzi kwaye yenziwe kwiibhubhu ngokuprofayili. Emva kokuba imiphetho yomtya igudiswe ngesixhobo esiphothiweyo, umbhobho ufudunyezwa yi-welding ephezulu yokumelana ne-frequency kwaye udityaniswe phakathi kwemiqulu yoxinzelelo ukwenza i-weld. Emva kwe-welding, i-OD burr isuswa kunye nomphathi, oqhelekileyo owenziwe nge-tungsten carbide. I-flash yokuchonga iyasuswa okanye ihlengahlengiswe ukuya kubude obuphezulu boyilo kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokutshixa.
Inkcazo yale nkqubo ye-welding ibanzi, kwaye kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi zenkqubo encinci kwimveliso yangempela (jonga uMfanekiso 1). Nangona kunjalo, babelana ngeepropathi ezininzi zoomatshini.
Ukungaphumeleli kwemibhobho kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli zingahlulwa zibe yimithwalo enzima kunye noxinzelelo. Kwizinto ezininzi, uxinzelelo lwe-tensile lusezantsi kunoxinzelelo olucinezelayo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwemathiriyeli yomelele ngakumbi ekucinezeleni kune-tension. Ikhonkrithi ngumzekelo. Icinezeleka kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba ibunjwe ngenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yokuqinisa imivalo (i-rebars), kulula ukuyiqhawula. Ngesi sizathu, intsimbi iyavavanywa ukumisela amandla ayo okugqibela (i-UTS). Zonke iisayizi ezintathu ze-hydraulic hose zineemfuno ezifanayo: 310 MPa (45,000 psi) UTS.
Ngenxa yokukwazi kwemibhobho yoxinzelelo lokumelana noxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, ukubala okuhlukeneyo kunye novavanyo lokungaphumeleli, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo oluqhumayo, lunokufuneka. Izibalo zingasetyenziselwa ukumisela uxinzelelo lwethiyori lokugqibela lokugqabhuka, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukhulu bodonga, i-UTS kunye nedayamitha yangaphandle yesixhobo. Ngenxa yokuba i-tubing ye-J525 kunye ne-J356A i-tubing ingaba yisayizi efanayo, i-variable kuphela yi-UTS. Inika amandla aqhelekileyo okuqina kwe-50,000 psi kunye noxinzelelo oluqikelelweyo lokuqhuma kwe-0.500 x 0.049 in. I-tubing iyafana kuzo zombini iimveliso: 10,908 psi.
Nangona uqikelelo olubaliweyo luyafana, umahluko omnye kwisicelo esisebenzayo kungenxa yobukhulu bodonga lokwenene. Kwi-J356A, i-burr yangaphakathi ihlengahlengiswa ukuya kubukhulu obukhulu ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi bombhobho njengoko kuchazwe kwinkcazo. Kwiimveliso ze-J525 ezikhutshiweyo, inkqubo yokukhupha inciphisa ngabom i-diameter yangaphakathi malunga nee-intshi ze-0.002, okukhokelela kudonga lwasekhaya olubhityileyo kwindawo ye-weld. Nangona ubukhulu bodonga buzaliswe ngumsebenzi obandayo olandelayo, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwengqolowa kunokwahluka kwisiseko sesinyithi, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga bunokuba buncinci kunombhobho othelekisekayo ochazwe kwi-J356A.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekugqityweni kokusetyenziswa kombhobho, i-burr yangaphakathi kufuneka isuswe okanye ithiwe tyaba (okanye yenziwe mcaba) ukuze kupheliswe iindlela zokuvuza ezinokuvuza, ubukhulu becala iifom zokuphela kodonga olugqabhukileyo. Ngelixa i-J525 ngokuqhelekileyo ikholelwa ukuba ine-ID egudileyo kwaye ngoko ayivuzi, le yingcamango ephosakeleyo. I-J525 tubing inokuphuhlisa i-ID streaks ngenxa yokusebenza okubandayo okungafanelekanga, okubangelwa ukuvuza kwikhonkco.
Qalisa ukukrazula ngokusika (okanye ukukrazula) intsimbi ye-weld kwidayamitha yangaphakathi yodonga. Isixhobo sokucoca sincanyathiselwe kwi-mandrel exhaswa ngabaqengqelekayo ngaphakathi kumbhobho, emva nje kwesikhululo sokuwelda. Ngelixa isixhobo sokucoca sasisusa i-weld bead, ii-roller ngokungazinzanga zaqengqeleka kwezinye ze-welding spatter, zibangela ukuba zibethe umphezulu we-ID yombhobho (jonga umfanekiso 2). Le yingxaki kwimibhobho esebenza kancinci efana nemibhobho ejikiweyo okanye ehonjisiweyo.
Ukususa i-flash kwi-tube akulula. Inkqubo yokusika ijika i-glitter ibe yintambo ende, edibeneyo yentsimbi ebukhali. Ngelixa ukususwa kuyimfuneko, ukususwa kudla ngokuba yinkqubo yemanuwali nengafezekanga. Amacandelo etyhubhu zesikhafu ngamanye amaxesha ashiya ummandla womenzi wetyhubhu kwaye athunyelwe kubathengi.
Irayisi. 1. Izinto ze-SAE-J525 ziveliswa ngobuninzi, ezifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kunye nomsebenzi. Iimveliso ezifanayo ze-tubular ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-SAE-J356A zenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-linealing annealing mills, ngoko ke isebenza kakuhle.
Kwimibhobho emincinci, njengemigca yolwelo engaphantsi kwe-20 mm ububanzi, ukuchithwa kwe-ID ngokuqhelekileyo akubalulekanga njengoko le mida ayifuni inyathelo elongezelelweyo lokugqiba i-ID. I-caveat kuphela kukuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela ufuna kuphela ukuqwalasela ukuba ukuphakama kokulawula ukukhanya okuhambelanayo kuya kudala ingxaki.
Ukugqwesa kokulawulwa komlilo we-ID kuqala ngokulungiswa komcu ochanekileyo, ukusika kunye nokuwelda. Ngapha koko, iipropathi zezinto ezikrwada ze-J356A kufuneka zibe ngqongqo ngakumbi kune-J525 kuba i-J356A inezithintelo ezingaphezulu kubungakanani beenkozo, ukufakwa kwe-oxide kunye nezinye iiparamitha zentsimbi ngenxa yenkqubo yokubanda ebandakanyekayo.
Okokugqibela, ukuwelda kweID kuhlala kufuna ukupholisa. Iisistim ezininzi zisebenzisa isixhobo sokupholisa esifanayo njengesixhobo se-windrow, kodwa oku kunokudala iingxaki. Ngaphandle kokuhluzwa kunye nokuthotywa kwegrisi, izinto ezipholileyo zokusila zihlala zinezixa ezibalulekileyo zamasuntswana esinyithi, ii-oyile ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-oyile, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ngoko ke, i-tubing ye-J525 idinga umjikelezo oshushu we-caustic wokuhlamba okanye elinye inyathelo lokucoca elilinganayo.
I-Condensers, iinkqubo zeemoto, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezifanayo zifuna ukucocwa kwemibhobho, kwaye ukucocwa okufanelekileyo kunokwenziwa kwindawo yokusila. I-J356A ishiya umzi-mveliso unebhore ecocekileyo, umxholo wokufuma olawulwayo kunye nentsalela encinci. Ekugqibeleni, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuzalisa ityhubhu nganye ngegesi ye-inert ukukhusela ukubola kunye nokutywina iziphelo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Imibhobho ye-J525 iqhelekile emva kwe-welding kwaye emva koko ibanda (itsalwa). Emva kokusebenza okubandayo, umbhobho uphinde ulungelelanise kwakhona ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zoomatshini.
I-normalizing, i-wire drawing kunye nesibini amanyathelo aqhelekileyo afuna ukuthutha umbhobho kwisithando somlilo, kwisikhululo sokudweba kunye nokubuyela kwisithando somlilo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zokusebenza, la manyathelo afuna amanye amanqanaba angaphantsi ahlukeneyo afana nokukhomba (ngaphambi kokupenda), ukubethelwa kunye nokuqondisa. La manyathelo aneendleko kwaye afuna ixesha elibalulekileyo, abasebenzi kunye nemithombo yemali. Imibhobho etsalwa ngokubanda idityaniswe nesantya senkunkuma esingama-20% kwimveliso.
Umbhobho we-J356A uqhelekile kwindawo yokusila emva kwe-welding. Umbhobho awuwuchukumisi umhlaba kwaye uhamba ukusuka kumanyathelo okuqala okwenza umbhobho ogqityiweyo ngokulandelelana okuqhubekayo kwamanyathelo kwi-rolling mill. Imibhobho edityanisiweyo efana ne-J356A ine-10% yenkcitho kwimveliso. Zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, oku kuthetha ukuba izibane ze-J356A zixabiso eliphantsi ukwenziwa kune-J525 izibane.
Nangona iipropati zezi mveliso zimbini zifana, azifani nombono we-metallurgical.
Imibhobho ye-J525 ebandayo ifuna unyango lokuqala oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo: emva kwe-welding nasemva kokuzoba. Ukushisa okuqhelekileyo (i-1650 ° F okanye i-900 ° C) kubangela ukubunjwa kwee-oxides zangaphandle, ezivame ukususwa nge-mineral acid (ngokuqhelekileyo i-sulfuric okanye i-hydrochloric) emva kokucoca. I-Pickling inempembelelo enkulu yokusingqongileyo malunga nokukhutshwa komoya kunye nemijelo yenkunkuma enesinyithi.
Ukongeza, ukuqhelaniswa kweqondo lokushisa kwimoya yokunciphisa isithando somlilo se-roller kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwekhabhoni kumphezulu wentsimbi. Le nkqubo, i-decarburization, ishiya i-surface layer ebuthathaka kakhulu kunezinto zokuqala (jonga uMzobo 3). Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwimibhobho eludongeni ebhityileyo. Kwi-0.030 ″ ubukhulu bodonga, nokuba i-0.003 ″ encinci ye-decarburization iya kunciphisa udonga olusebenzayo nge-10%. Imibhobho enjalo ebuthathaka inokusilela ngenxa yoxinzelelo okanye ukungcangcazela.
Umzobo 2. Isixhobo sokucoca i-ID (esingaboniswanga) sixhaswa ngama-roller ahamba kunye ne-ID yombhobho. Uyilo oluhle lwe-roller lunciphisa inani le-welding spatter eqengqelekayo eludongeni lombhobho. Nielsen izixhobo
Imibhobho ye-J356 icutshungulwa ngokweebhetshi kwaye ifuna ukufakwa kwi-roller eziko, kodwa oku akuphelelanga apho. Ukwahluka, i-J356A, isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-rolling mill usebenzisa i-induction eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, inkqubo yokufudumala ekhawuleza kakhulu kune-roller heath furnace. Oku kwenza mfutshane ixesha le-annealing, ngaloo ndlela icutha ifestile yethuba lokususa i-decarburization ukusuka kwimizuzu (okanye kwiiyure) ukuya kwimizuzwana. Oku kunika i-J356A kunye ne-uniform annealing ngaphandle kwe-oxide okanye i-decarburization.
Iityhubhu ezisetyenziselwa imigca yehydraulic kufuneka ibhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuze igobe, yandiswe kwaye yenziwe. Ukugoba kuyimfuneko ukufumana i-hydraulic fluid ukusuka kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo ye-B, ukudlula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugoba kunye nokujika endleleni, kunye nokuvutha kuyisitshixo ekuboneleleni indlela yokudibanisa ekupheleni.
Kwimeko yenkukhu-okanye-iqanda, iitshimini zenzelwe ukudityaniswa kwesitshisi sodonga olunye (ngaloo ndlela zine-diameter egudileyo ngaphakathi), okanye umva unokwenzeka. Kule meko, indawo yangaphakathi yombhobho ihambelana kakuhle nesokethi yesixhumi sepini. Ukuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo lwentsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi, umphezulu wombhobho kufuneka ube bushelelezi ngokusemandleni. Olu ncediso lwavela ngo-1920 kwiCandelo loMoya loMoya wase-US elalisaqala. Olu ncediso kamva lwaba ngumgangatho wama-37-degree flare osetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje.
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha le-COVID-19, unikezelo lwemibhobho ezotyiweyo enedayamitha egudileyo yangaphakathi yehle kakhulu. Izinto ezikhoyo zikholisa ukuba namaxesha amade okuhanjiswa kunangaphambili. Olu tshintsho kwikhonkco lokubonelela lunokulungiswa ngokuyila ngokutsha imidibaniso yokuphela. Umzekelo, i-RFQ efuna isitshisi sodonga olunye kwaye ichaza i-J525 ngumviwa wokutshintsha isitshisi sodonga oluphindwe kabini. Naluphi na uhlobo lombhobho we-hydraulic lunokusetyenziswa kunye nolu xhulumaniso lwesiphelo. Oku kuvula amathuba okusebenzisa i-J356A.
Ukongeza kwi-flare connections, i-o-ring mechanical seals nayo ixhaphakile (jonga umfanekiso wesi-5), ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Olu hlobo lonxibelelwano alukho nje ukuvuza okuncinci kune-flare yodonga olulodwa ngenxa yokuba isebenzisa izitywina ze-elastomeric, kodwa iphinda isebenziseke kakhulu-inokwakheka ekupheleni kwalo naluphi na uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lombhobho we-hydraulic. Oku kubonelela abavelisi bemibhobho ngamathuba amakhulu okubonelela kunye nokusebenza okungcono koqoqosho lwexesha elide.
Imbali yezoshishino igcwele imizekelo yeemveliso zemveli ezithatha iingcambu ngexesha apho kunzima ukuba imarike itshintshe indlela. Imveliso ekhuphisanayo - nokuba enye enexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwaye ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zemveliso yokuqala - kunokuba nzima ukufumana indawo yentengiso ukuba kukho izikrokro. Oku kuqhele ukwenzeka xa i-arhente yokuthenga okanye injineli eyabelwe ukuba ithathele ingqalelo ukutshintshwa kwemveliso esele ikhona. Bambalwa abakulungeleyo ukubeka esichengeni ukubhaqwa.
Kwezinye iimeko, utshintsho alunakuba yimfuneko nje, kodwa luyimfuneko. Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ukhokelele kutshintsho olungalindelekanga kubukho beentlobo ezithile zemibhobho kunye nobukhulu bemibhobho yolwelo lwentsimbi. Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zemveliso zisetyenziselwa kwi-automotive, umbane, izixhobo ezinzima kunye naluphi na olunye ushishino lokuvelisa umbhobho osebenzisa imigca yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngakumbi imigca ye-hydraulic.
Esi sikhewu sinokuzaliswa ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokubanzi ngokuqwalasela uhlobo olusekiweyo kodwa lwe-niche yepayipi yensimbi. Ukukhetha imveliso eyiyo yesicelo kufuna uphando oluthile ukufumanisa ukuhambelana kwamanzi, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, umthwalo womatshini, kunye nohlobo loqhagamshelwano.
Ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkcukacha kubonisa ukuba i-J356A inokulingana ne-J525 yangempela. Ngaphandle kobhubhane, isafumaneka ngexabiso eliphantsi ngekhonkco lobonelelo oluqinisekisiweyo. Ukuba ukusombulula imiba yesimo sokugqibela akunamsebenzi kangako kunokufumana i-J525, kunokunceda ii-OEMs ukusombulula imiceli mngeni kwixesha le-COVID-19 nangaphaya.
ITube & nePipe Journal 于1990 年成為第一本致力于為金属管材行业服务的杂志. Umbhobho kunye neJenali yoMbhobho 于1990 Umbhobho & Ijenali yombhobho стал первым журналом, посвященным индустрии металлических труб в 1990 году. I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba yimagazini yokuqala enikezelwe kushishino lwemibhobho yesinyithi ngo-1990.Namhlanje, ihlala ikuphela kwempapasho yoshishino eMntla Melika kwaye iye yaba ngowona mthombo uthembekileyo wolwazi lwabasebenzi bombhobho.
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