Yintoni ivalve yebhola ecocekileyo?Ivalve yeBhola ecocekileyo ePhezulu sisixhobo solawulo lokuhamba esidibana nemigangatho yoshishino lwempahla kunye noyilo lococeko.IiValufa kwinkqubo yococeko oluphezulu zisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezimbini eziphambili zesicelo:
Ezi zisetyenziselwa "kwiinkqubo zenkxaso" ezifana nokucocwa kokucoca i-steam yokucoca kunye nokulawula ukushisa.Kwishishini lamachiza, iivalve zebhola azizange zisetyenziswe kwizicelo okanye iinkqubo ezinokudibana ngokuthe ngqo nemveliso yokugqibela.
Ithini imigangatho yoshishino yeevalvu zococeko eziphezulu?
I-ASME/BPE-1997 luxwebhu oluguquguqukayo oluqhelekileyo olugubungela uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kushishino loxubo mayeza. Lo mgangatho ujolise kuyilo, izixhobo, ulwakhiwo, ukuhlolwa kunye novavanyo lwemikhumbi, imibhobho kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo ezinje ngeempompo, iivalvu kunye nokufakelwa okusetyenziswa kwishishini le-biopharmaceutical. Ngokusisiseko, uxwebhu luthi, uphuhliso lwemveliso okanye inkqubo yokunxibelelana nemveliso okanye imveliso yonxibelelwano ngexesha lemveliso okanye imveliso yonxibelelwano ngexesha lonxibelelwano. kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwemveliso, njengamanzi enaliti (WFI), umphunga ococekileyo, i-ultrafiltration, ukugcinwa kwemveliso ephakathi kunye ne-centrifuges.
Namhlanje, ishishini lixhomekeke kwi-ASME/BPE-1997 ukumisela uyilo lwevalvu yebhola kwizicelo zoqhagamshelwano ezingezizo imveliso.
Iivalvu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zenkqubo ye-biopharmaceutical ziquka iivalve zebhola, i-diaphragm valves, kunye ne-check valves.Olu xwebhu lobunjineli luya kuphelela kwingxoxo yeevalve zebhola.
Ukuqinisekiswa yinkqubo yokulawula eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwakhona kwemveliso ecutshungulwayo okanye ukuqulunqwa. Inkqubo ibonisa ukulinganisa kunye nokubeka iliso kumacandelo enkqubo yomatshini, ixesha lokuqulunqa, ubushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimeko.Emva kokuba inkqubo kunye nemveliso yaloo nkqubo ibonakaliswe ukuba iphinda iphindwe, onke amacandelo kunye neemeko zibhekwa njengeziqinisekisiweyo.Akukho lutshintsho olunokuthi lwenziwe "kwiinkqubo zokupakisha kunye neenkqubo" zokugqibela (inkqubo yokupakishwa kwakhona).
Kukwakho nemiba enxulumene nokuqinisekiswa kwezinto.I-MTR (iNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMaterial) yingxelo evela kumvelisi wokusakha ebhala ukubunjwa kokusalwa kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ivela kwintsebenzo ethile kwinkqubo yokuphosa.Lo mgangatho wokulandela umkhondo uyanqweneleka kuzo zonke ufakelo lwecandelo lemibhobho ebaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke amashishini amaninzi.Zonke iivalvu zinikezelwe kwi-MTR yesicelo samayeza.
Abavelisi bezinto zokuhlala banikezela ngeengxelo zokubunjwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwesihlalo kunye nezikhokelo ze-FDA. (i-FDA/USP Class VI) Izinto zokuhlala ezamkelekileyo ziquka i-PTFE, RTFE, Kel-F kunye neTFM.
I-Ultra High Purity (UHP) ligama elijoliswe ekugxininiseni imfuno yococeko oluphezulu kakhulu.Eli ligama elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimarike ye-semiconductor apho inani elincinane elipheleleyo lamasuntswana kumlambo wokuhamba liyafuneka.Iivalve, iipayipi, izihlungi, kunye nezinto ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwazo ngokuqhelekileyo zidibana nale nqanaba le-UHP xa zilungiswa, zipakishwa, kwaye ziphathwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Ishishini le-semiconductor lifumana iinkcukacha zoyilo lwevalvu ukusuka kwingqokelela yolwazi olulawulwa liqela le-SemaSpec.Ukuveliswa kwee-wafers ze-microchip kufuna ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kakhulu kwimigangatho yokuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwamasuntswana, ukuphuma kunye nokufuma.
Umgangatho we-SemaSpec unika iinkcukacha ngomthombo wokuvelisa amasuntswana, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, umthombo wegesi (ngendibano yevalve ethambileyo), uvavanyo lokuvuza kwe-helium, kunye nokufuma ngaphakathi nangaphandle komda wevalvu.
Iivalvu zebhola zibonakaliswe kakuhle kwezona zicelo zinzima.Ezinye zeenzuzo eziphambili zolu yilo ziquka:
I-Mechanical polishing - Imiphezulu ekhazimlisiweyo, i-welds kunye nemigangatho esetyenziswayo ineempawu ezahlukileyo xa ijongwa phantsi kweglasi yokukhulisa.
Ukucolwa komatshini kwenziwa kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo zisebenzisa i-alumina abrasives.Ukulungiswa komatshini kunokufezekiswa ngezixhobo zezandla kwiindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, ezifana ne-reactors kunye nemikhumbi ekhoyo, okanye ngokubuyisela ngokuzenzekelayo imibhobho okanye iindawo ze-tubular.
I-Electropolishing kukususwa kwezitenxo zemicroscopic kumphezulu wesinyithi ngeendlela ze-electrochemical.Kukhokelela ekubeni umphezulu othe tyaba okanye ogudileyo, othi, xa ujongwe phantsi kweglasi yokukhulisa, ubonakale phantse ungabonakali.
Insimbi engenasici iyamelana ngokwemvelo nokubola ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-chromium (ngokuqhelekileyo i-16% okanye ngaphezulu kwinsimbi engenasici) .I-Electropolishing iphucula oku kuxhathisa kwendalo kuba inkqubo inyibilika isinyithi (Fe) ngaphezu kwe-chromium (Cr) . Oku kushiya amanqanaba aphezulu e-chromium kwindawo yensimbi engenasici. (passivation)
Isiphumo sayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokupolisha kukuyilwa kwendawo “egudileyo” echazwa njengoburhabaxa obuphakathi (Ra).Ngokutsho kwe-ASME/BPE;Zonke iipolishi ziya kubonakaliswa ngeRa, i-microinches (m-in), okanye i-micrometers (mm)."
Ukugudiswa komphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ngeprofilometer, isixhobo esizenzekelayo esinengalo ephindaphindayo ye-stylus-style.I-stylus igqithwa kwindawo yesinyithi ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwencopho kunye nobunzulu bentlambo.Incopho ye-avareji yokuphakama kunye nobunzulu bentlambo emva koko ibonakaliswe njenge-avareji yoburhabaxa, echazwe kwi-millionths ye-intshi okanye i-microinches, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiRa.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendawo epholishiweyo kunye nekhazimlisiweyo, inani leenkozo ezirhabaxa kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu (phambi nasemva kwe-electropolishing) iboniswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
I-Micrometers ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo waseYurophu, kwaye inkqubo ye-metric ilingana ne-microinches.I-microinch enye ilingana malunga ne-micrometers ye-40. Umzekelo: Ukugqiba okuchazwe njenge-0.4 microns Ra ilingana ne-16 i-intshi ye-Ra.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okungokwemvelo koyilo lwevalve yebhola, ifumaneka ngokulula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, itywina kunye nezixhobo zomzimba.Ngoko ke, iivalve zebhola ziveliswa ukusingatha ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ishishini le-biopharmaceutical likhetha ukufaka "iinkqubo ezitywiniweyo" nanini na kunokwenzeka.Uqhagamshelwano lweTube eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kweDiameter (ETO) i-in-line welded ukuphelisa ungcoliseko ngaphandle komda wevalve / umbhobho kunye nokongeza ukuqina kwinkqubo yokubhobhoza. hlela kwaye uqwalaselwe kwakhona.
Izixhobo ze-Cherry-Burrell phantsi kwamagama e-brand "I-Line", "S-Line" okanye "Q-Line" nazo ziyafumaneka kwiinkqubo eziphakamileyo zokucoceka ezifana neshishini lokutya / isiselo.
Iityhubhu eyandisiweyo yangaphandle Diameter (ETO) iziphelo zivumela ukuwelda kumgca wevalve kwinkqubo yemibhobho.ETO iziphelo zilinganiswe ukuba zitshatise umbhobho (umbhobho) ububanzi benkqubo kunye nobukhulu bodonga.Ubude betyhubhu eyandisiweyo buhlalisa iintloko ze-weld ze-orbital kwaye zibonelela ngobude obaneleyo ukunqanda umonakalo kwi-valve yomzimba wokutywina ngenxa yobushushu be-welding.
Iivalvu zebhola zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yosetyenziso ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo ngokwendalo.Iivalvu zeDiyaphragm zinobushushu obulinganiselweyo kunye nenkonzo yoxinzelelo kwaye azihambelani nayo yonke imigangatho yeevalvu zoshishino.Iivalvu zebhola zingasetyenziselwa:
Ukongeza, icandelo le-valve yeziko lebhola liyasuswa ukuvumela ukufikelela kwi-weld bead yangaphakathi, enokuthi icocwe kunye / okanye ipolishwe.
I-Drainage ibalulekile ukugcina iinkqubo zokugcina izilwanyana kwiimeko ezicocekileyo kunye nezingcolisayo. .
Indawo efileyo kwinkqubo yokufakelwa ichazwa njenge-Groove, i-tee, okanye i-tee, i-Isping ye-Piping ye-Piipe, i-2: 1 i-2: 1 l / D i-PAYVE inokufezekiswa kwivalve eninzi kunye ne-P Ukulungelelanisa.
Izixhobo zokucima umlilo zenzelwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwamanzi anokutsha xa kwenzeka umgca wenkqubo yomlilo.Uyilo lusebenzisa isihlalo sangasemva sesinyithi kunye ne-anti-static ukukhusela ukuvutha.I-biopharmaceutical kunye ne-cosmetic industries ngokubanzi ikhetha ukutshabalalisa umlilo kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa utywala.
I-FDA-USP23, i-Class VI evunyiweyo izixhobo zokuhlala i-valve yebhola ziquka: PTFE, RTFE, Kel-F, PEEK kunye ne-TFM.
I-TFM yi-PTFE eguqulwe ngokwekhemikhali evala umsantsa phakathi kwe-PTFE yemveli kunye ne-PFA.TFM enokunyibilika ihlelwa njenge-PTFE ngokwe-ASTM D 4894 kunye ne-ISO Draft WDT 539-1.5.
Izihlalo ezigcwele i-Cavity zenzelwe ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezinokuthi, xa zibanjwe phakathi kwebhola kunye nomzimba womzimba, zinokuqiniswa okanye zithintele ukusebenza kakuhle kwelungu lokuvala i-valve.Ii-valve zebhola ezihlambulukileyo ezisetyenziselwa inkonzo ye-steam akufanele zisebenzise olu lungiselelo lwesitulo esikhethiweyo, njengoko i-steam ingayifumana indlela yayo phantsi kwendawo yokuhlala kwaye ibe yindawo yokukhula kwebhaktheriya.Ngenxa yokuba, le ndawo yokucoca i-samart iyindawo enzima yokukhupha i-samart.
Iivalvu zebhola zezodidi oluqhelekileyo "lweevalvu ezijikelezayo".Kusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, zimbini iintlobo ze-actuator zikhoyo: i-pneumatic kunye ne-electric.I-actuator ye-pneumatic isebenzisa i-piston okanye i-diaphragm eqhagamshelwe kwindlela ejikelezayo efana ne-rack kunye ne-pinion ilungiselelo lokubonelela nge-torque ejikelezayo. "Indlela yokukhetha i-Actuator yeValve yeBhola" kamva kule ncwadana.
IiValve zeBhola eziPhucukekileyo eziPhezulu zinokucocwa kwaye zipakishwe kwiimfuno ze-BPE okanye zeSemiconductor (SemaSpec).
Ukucocwa okusisiseko kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokucoca i-ultrasonic esebenzisa i-reagent ye-alkali evunyiweyo yokucoca okubandayo kunye nokuhlanjululwa, kunye nefomula engena-residue.
Amalungu aqulethe uxinzelelo aphawulwe ngenombolo yobushushu kwaye ahamba nesatifikethi esifanelekileyo sokuhlalutya. Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweMill (MTR) irekhodwe ngobukhulu kunye nenani lobushushu ngalinye.La maxwebhu abandakanya:
Ngamanye amaxesha iinjineli zenkqubo kufuneka zikhethe phakathi kwe-pneumatic okanye i-valve yombane kwiinkqubo zokulawula inkqubo.Zombini iintlobo ze-actuator zineenzuzo kwaye zibalulekile ukuba neenkcukacha ezikhoyo ukwenza ukhetho olungcono.
Umsebenzi wokuqala ekukhetheni uhlobo lwe-actuator (i-pneumatic okanye yombane) kukumisela owona mthombo wamandla osebenzayo we-actuator.
I-activators ze-pneumatic ezisebenzayo kakhulu zisebenzisa i-air pressure supply ye-40 ukuya kwi-120 psi (i-3 ukuya kwi-8 bar) . Ngokuqhelekileyo, zilinganiswe kwiingcinezelo zokubonelela nge-60 ukuya kwi-80 psi (i-4 ukuya kwi-6 bar) .Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu luhlala lunzima ukuqinisekisa, ngelixa uxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi lufuna iipistons ezinkulu kakhulu okanye i-diaphragms ukuvelisa i-torque efunekayo.
I actuators zombane zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngamandla ali-110 eVAC, kodwa zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-AC kunye ne-DC motors, zombini inqanaba elinye nelesithathu.
Uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa.Zombini i-actuator ye-pneumatic kunye nombane ingasetyenziselwa kuluhlu olubanzi lweqondo lokushisa.Umgangatho wokushisa osemgangathweni we-actuator ye-pneumatic yi-4 ukuya kwi-1740F (-20 ukuya kwi-800C), kodwa inokwandiswa ukuya kwi--40 ukuya kwi-2500F (-40 ukuya kwi-1210C) kunye nezitywina ezikhethiweyo, ii-bearings ezisetyenzisiweyo, i-valve esetyenzisiweyo, i-valve, njl. banokuthi balinganiswe ukushisa okungafaniyo kunye ne-actuator, kwaye oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kuzo zonke izicelo.Kwizicelo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, umgangatho wokubonelela komoya ngokumalunga nendawo yombethe kufuneka uqwalaselwe.Iqondo lombethe liqondo lokushisa apho i-condensation yenzeke emoyeni.I-Condensation inokukhenkcela kwaye ivimbele umgca wokunikezelwa komoya, ukukhusela i-actuator ekusebenzeni.
I-actuator yombane inomlinganiselo wokushisa we-40 ukuya kwi-1500F (-40 ukuya ku-650C) ayisebenzi, ukuguquka kweqondo lokushisa kunokubangela ukuba indawo "iphefumle" kwaye idibanise.Ngoko ke, zonke ii-actuator zombane zokusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kufuneka zixhotyiswe nge-heater.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuthethelela ukusetyenziswa kwee-actuator zombane kwiindawo ezinobungozi, kodwa ukuba umoya oxinzelelweyo okanye i-actuator ye-pneumatic ayikwazi ukubonelela ngeempawu zokusebenza ezifunekayo, ii-actuator zombane ezinezindlu ezihlelwe ngokufanelekileyo zinokusetyenziswa.
I-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) iseke izikhokelo zolwakhiwo kunye nokufakelwa kwee-activators zombane (kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane) ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinobungozi.Izikhokelo ze-NEMA VII zezi zilandelayo:
I-VII yeNgcaciso yeNdawo eyiNgozi yoku-I (iGesi eqhumayo okanye i-Vapor) Idibana neKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe yezicelo;iyahlangabezana nemigaqo ye-Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. ukuze isetyenziswe nepetroli, ihexane, naphtha, benzene, butane, propane, acetone, Atmospheres of benzene, lacquer solvent vapors kunye negesi yendalo.
Phantse bonke abavelisi be-actuator yombane banokhetho lwe-NEMA VII ethobela inguqulelo yomgca wabo wemveliso osemgangathweni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-actuator ze-pneumatic ziyi-internally explosion-proof.Xa ulawulo lombane lusetyenziswa kunye ne-actuator ye-pneumatic kwiindawo ezinobungozi, zihlala zineendleko eziphezulu kunee-actuator zombane.I-valve ye-solenoid-operated pilot inokufakwa kwindawo engekho yingozi kwaye ifakwe kwi-actuator. ii-activators ze-umatic kwiindawo ezinobungozi zizenza zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kwezi zicelo.
I-Spring returns.Enye i-actuator yokhuseleko esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-actuator zevalvu kushishino lwenkqubo kukubuya kwentwasahlobo (ukungaphumeleli ukhuseleko) ukhetho. Kwimeko yokusilela kwamandla okanye umqondiso, i-actuator yokubuyisela entwasahlobo iqhubela ivalve kwindawo ekhuselekileyo eqingqwe kwangaphambili.Olu lukhetho olusebenzayo nolungabizi kakhulu kwi-actuator ye-pneumatic, kunye nesizathu esikhulu sokuba kutheni i-pneumatic actuators esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino ngokubanzi.
Ukuba i-spring ayinakusetyenziswa ngenxa yobukhulu be-actuator okanye ubunzima, okanye ukuba iyunithi esebenza kabini ifakwe, itanki ye-accumulator ingafakwa ukugcina uxinzelelo lomoya.