Iipropathi ezikhuselweyo ze-cathodic ezikhuselweyo ze-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites

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I-TiO2 yimpahla ye-semiconductor esetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kweefoto zombane.Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwabo kokukhanya, i-nickel kunye nesiliva sulfide nanoparticles zaye zaxutywa ebusweni be-TiO2 nanowires ngendlela elula yokudibanisa kunye ne-photoreduction.Uchungechunge lwezifundo zesenzo sokukhusela i-cathodic ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici iye yenziwa, kwaye i-morphology, ukubunjwa, kunye neempawu zokukhanya ezikhanyayo zongezwa.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites elungiselelwe inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono lwe-cathodic kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici xa inani le-nickel sulfide impregnation-precipitation cycles yi-6 kunye ne-concentration ye-nitrate yesilivere ye-0.1M.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-n-type semiconductors yokukhusela i-photocathode usebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga kuye kwaba yinto eshushu kwiminyaka yamuva.Xa uchulumanciswa kukukhanya kwelanga, ii-electron ezisuka kwi-valence band (VB) yesixhobo se-semiconductor ziya kuba yimincili kwi-conduction band (CB) ukuvelisa ii-electron ezenziwe ngefoto.Ukuba i-conduction band enokubakho ye-semiconductor okanye i-nanocomposite imbi ngaphezu kwesakhono sokuzibamba sentsimbi ebotshiweyo, ezi electrons photogenerated ziya kutshintshela kumphezulu wentsimbi ebotshiweyo.Ukuqokelela kwee-electron kuya kukhokelela kwi-cathodic polarization yesinyithi kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko lwe-cathodic ye-metal1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ehambelana nayo.Izinto ze-semiconductor zithiyori zithathwa njenge-photoanode engeyiyo idini, ekubeni i-anodic reaction ayithobisi izinto ze-semiconductor ngokwayo, kodwa i-oxidation yamanzi ngokusebenzisa imingxuma eyenziwe ngefoto okanye i-adsorbed organic pollunts, okanye ubukho babaqokeleli ukubambisa imingxuma enefoto.Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, izinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor kufuneka zibe ne-CB enokuthi ingabikho ngaphezu kwe-corrosion potential of metal ekhuselweyo.Kulapho kuphela apho ii-electron ezifotweyo zinokudlula kwibhendi yokuqhuba ye-semiconductor ukuya kwintsimbi ekhuselweyo. Uphononongo lwe-Photochemical corrosion resistance studies lugxininise kwizinto ze-inorganic n-type semiconductor ezinezithuba ezibanzi zebhendi (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, eziphendula kuphela ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (<400 nm), ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kokukhanya. Uphononongo lwe-Photochemical corrosion resistance studies lugxininise kwizinto ze-inorganic n-type semiconductor ezinezithuba ezibanzi zebhendi (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, eziphendula kuphela ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (<400 nm), ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kokukhanya. Исследования стойкости к фотохимической коррозии были сосредоточены на неорганических полупроводниковых материалах n-типа с широкой,3,3 ,3,4,5,6,7, которые реагируют только на ультрафиолетовое излучение (< 400 нм), уменьшение доступности света. Uphando malunga nokumelana ne-photochemical corrosion igxininise kwi-n-type inorganic semiconductor materials with a wide bandgap (3.0-3.2 EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ephendula kuphela kwi-ultraviolet radiation (<400 nm), ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kokukhanya.光化学耐腐蚀性研究主要集中在具有宽带隙(3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7紫外光(< 400 nm)有响应,减少光的可用性。光 化学 耐腐 蚀性 研究 主要 在 具有 宽带隙 宽带隙 宽带隙 (3.0–3.2ev) 7 上, 這些 材料 仅对 (<400 nm) 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有响应,减少光的可性。 Исследования стойкости к фотохимической коррозии в основном были сосредоточены на неорганических полупроводниковых материалах n-типипан 3,2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые чувствительны только к УФ-излучению (<400 нм). Uphando kwi-photochemical corrosion resistance igxile kakhulu kwi-bandgap ebanzi (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 n-uhlobo lwezixhobo ze-inorganic semiconductor ezibuthathaka kuphela kwimitha ye-UV.(<400 nm).Ukuphendula, ukufumaneka kokukhanya kuncipha.
Kwintsimi yokukhusela i-corrosion yolwandle, iteknoloji yokukhusela i-photoelectrochemical cathodic idlala indima ebalulekileyo.I-TiO2 yimathiriyeli ye-semiconductor ene-UV ebalaseleyo yokufunxa ukukhanya kunye neempawu ze-photocatalytic.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kokukhanya, imingxuma ye-electron eyenziwe ngefoto iphinda ihlangane ngokulula kwaye ayinakukhuselwa phantsi kweemeko ezimnyama.Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo nesinokwenzeka.Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba iindlela ezininzi zokuguqulwa kwendawo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula i-photosensitivity ye-TiO2, njenge-doping kunye ne-Fe, N, kunye nokudibanisa ne-Ni3S2, i-Bi2Se3, i-CdTe, njl..
I-Nickel sulfide yimpahla ye-semiconductor ene-gap emxinwa yebhendi ye-1.24 eV8.9 kuphela.Ukunciphisa i-gap yebhendi, kunamandla ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya.Emva kokuba i-nickel sulfide ixutywe kunye ne-titanium dioxide surface, iqondo lokusetyenziswa kokukhanya kunokwandiswa.Idityaniswe ne-titanium dioxide, inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula ii-electron ezenziwe ngeefoto kunye nemingxuma.I-Nickel sulfide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-electrocatalytic hydrogen, iibhetri kunye nokubola okungcolileyo8,9,10.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekukhuselweni kwe-photocathode akukabikwa.Kule sifundo, i-bandgap encinci ye-semiconductor impahla yakhethwa ukusombulula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kokukhanya okuphantsi kwe-TiO2.I-nickel kunye nesilivere ye-sulfide nanoparticles yayibotshwe kumphezulu we-TiO2 nanowires ngokucwiliswa kunye neendlela zokunciphisa i-photoreduction, ngokulandelanayo.I-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite iphucula ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kunye nokwandisa ukukhanya kokukhanya ukusuka kummandla we-ultraviolet ukuya kummandla obonakalayo.Okwangoku, ukufakwa kwe-nanoparticles yesilivere kunika i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 i-nanocomposite i-optical stability egqwesileyo kunye nokukhuselwa okuzinzileyo kwe-cathodic.
Okokuqala, i-titanium foil 0.1 mm ubukhulu kunye nococeko lwe-99.9% yanqunyulwa kubukhulu be-30 mm × 10 mm kwiimvavanyo.Emva koko, indawo nganye yefoyile ye-titanium yakhazimliswa amaxesha angama-100 nge-sandpaper yegrit eyi-2500, emva koko ihlanjwe ngokulandelelanayo nge-acetone, i-ethanol epheleleyo, kunye namanzi adibeneyo.Beka i-titanium plate kumxube we-85 ° C (i-sodium hydroxide: i-sodium carbonate: amanzi = 5: 2:100) i-90 min, susa kwaye uhlanza ngamanzi adibeneyo.Umphezulu wawuxhotywe ngesisombululo se-HF (HF: H2O = 1: 5) kwi-1 min, emva koko ihlanjwe ngokuhlukileyo nge-acetone, i-ethanol, kunye namanzi adibeneyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni yomiswe ukusetyenziswa.I-Titanium dioxide nanowires zenziwa ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu we-titanium foil ngenyathelo elinye lenkqubo yokuthambisa.Ukwenzela i-anodizing, kusetyenziswa inkqubo yesiqhelo ye-electrode emibini, i-electrode esebenzayo ishidi le-titanium, kunye ne-counter electrode yi-electrode yeplatinum.Beka ipleyiti ye-titanium kwi-400 ml ye-2 M isisombululo se-NaOH kunye ne-electrode clamps.Umbane wombane we-DC uzinzile malunga ne-1.3 A. Ubushushu besisombululo bugcinwe kwi-80 ° C kwimizuzu ye-180 ngexesha lokuphendula kwenkqubo.Iphepha le-titanium likhutshwe, lihlanjwe nge-acetone kunye ne-ethanol, lihlanjwe ngamanzi adibeneyo, kwaye lomiswe ngokwemvelo.Emva koko iisampuli zifakwe kwisithando somlilo kwi-450 ° C (izinga lokushisa i-5 ° C / min), zigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo kwi-120 min, kwaye zifakwe kwi-tray yokumisa.
I-nickel sulfide-titanium dioxide composite yafunyanwa ngendlela elula nelula yokudipha.Okokuqala, i-nickel nitrate (0.03 M) yachithwa kwi-ethanol kwaye igcinwe phantsi kokuvuselela magnetic imizuzu engama-20 ukufumana isisombululo se-ethanol se-nickel nitrate.Emva koko ulungiselele i-sodium sulfide (0.03 M) kunye nesisombululo esixubileyo se-methanol (i-methanol: amanzi = 1: 1).Emva koko, iipilisi ze-titanium dioxide zifakwe kwisisombululo esilungiselelwe ngasentla, sithathwe emva kwemizuzu emi-4, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ihlanjwe ngesisombululo esixutywe se-methanol kunye namanzi (i-methanol: amanzi = 1: 1) ngomzuzu we-1.Emva kokuba ubuso bomile, iipilisi zifakwe kwisithando somlilo se-muffle, sitshiswe kwi-vacuum kwi-380 ° C kwi-20 min, ipholile kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye yomile.Inani lemijikelo 2, 4, 6 kunye no-8.
I-Ag nanoparticles iguqulwe i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites nge-photoreduction12,13.Isiphumo se-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite sibekwe kwisisombululo se-nitrate yesilivere esiyimfuneko kuvavanyo.Emva koko iisampuli zahlanjululwa ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwi-30 min, iindawo zazo zahlanjululwa ngamanzi adibeneyo, kwaye i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites yafunyanwa ngokumisa kwendalo.Inkqubo yokulinga echazwe ngasentla iboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
I-Ag/NiS/TiO2 i-nanocomposites ibonakaliswe ngokuyintloko nge-emission emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), i-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), i-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), kunye nokusabalalisa ukubonakaliswa kwi-ultraviolet kunye noluhlu olubonakalayo (UV-Vis).I-FESEM yenziwa ngokusebenzisa iNova NanoSEM 450 microscope (FEI Corporation, USA).Ukukhawulezisa amandla ombane 1 kV, ubungakanani bendawo 2.0.Isixhobo sisebenzisa i-CBS probe ukufumana i-electron yesibini kunye ne-backscattered electrons ukuhlalutya i-topography.I-EMF iqhutywe kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-Oxford X-Max N50 EMF (i-Oxford Instruments Technology Co., Ltd.) kunye nombane okhawulezayo we-15 kV kunye nobukhulu bendawo ye-3.0.Uhlalutyo lomgangatho kunye nobungakanani kusetyenziswa iimpawu zeX-reyi.I-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy yenziwa kwi-spectrometer ye-Escalab 250Xi (i-Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, e-USA) esebenza kwimowudi yamandla esisigxina kunye namandla okuvuselela i-150 W kunye ne-monochromatic Al Kapha radiation (1486.6 eV) njengomthombo wokuvuselela.Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-scan 0-1600 eV, amandla ewonke angama-50 eV, ububanzi benyathelo 1.0 eV, kunye nekhabhoni engcolileyo (~ 284.8 eV) zisetyenziswe njengezikhokelo zokulungiswa kwentlawulo yamandla.Amandla okupasa kwiskena emxinwa yayiyi-20 eV enenyathelo le-0.05 eV.I-Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy kwingingqi ebonakalayo ye-UV yenziwa kwi-Cary 5000 spectrometer (i-Varian, eU.SA) kunye ne-standard barium sulfate plate kwi-scanning range ye-10-80 °.
Kulo msebenzi, ukubunjwa (ipesenti yobunzima) ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ngu-0.08 C, 1.86 Mn, 0.72 Si, 0.035 P, 0.029 s, 18.25 Cr, 8.5 Ni, kunye nabanye nguFe.10mm x 10mm x 10mm 304 intsimbi engatyiwa, i-epoxy efakwe kwi-1 cm2 yendawo eveziweyo.Umphezulu wayo wawuxutywe ngesanti ye-2400 grit silicon carbide sandpaper kwaye ihlanjwe nge-ethanol.Emva koko insimbi engenasici yayifakwe emanzini adityanisiweyo imizuzu emi-5 kwaye emva koko igcinwe kwi-oven.
Kuvavanyo lwe-OCP, i-304 insimbi engenasici kunye ne-Ag / NiS / TiO2 photoanode ifakwe kwi-corrosion cell kunye ne-photoanode cell, ngokulandelanayo (umzobo 2).Iseli ye-corrosion yazaliswa ngesisombululo se-3.5% se-NaCl, kwaye i-0.25 M Na2SO3 yathululelwa kwiseli ye-photoanode njengomgibe womgodi.I-electrolyte ezimbini zahlulwa kumxube usebenzisa i-naphthol membrane.I-OCP yalinganiswa kwindawo yokusebenzela ye-electrochemical (P4000+, USA).I-electrode yereferensi yayiyi-calomel electrode egcweleyo (SCE).Umthombo wokukhanya (isibane se-xenon, i-PLS-SXE300C, i-Poisson Technologies Co., Ltd.) kunye ne-cut-off plate 420 ibekwe kwindawo yokuphuma komthombo wokukhanya, ukuvumela ukukhanya okubonakalayo kudlule kwiglasi ye-quartz kwi-photoanode.I-electrode ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ixhunywe kwi-photoanode ngocingo lobhedu.Ngaphambi kovavanyo, i-electrode ye-304 yensimbi engenasici yayifakwe kwi-3.5% yesisombululo se-NaCl se-2 h ukuqinisekisa isimo esizinzileyo.Ekuqaleni kovavanyo, xa ukukhanya kuvuliwe kwaye kuvaliwe, i-electron evuyayo ye-photoanode ifikelela kumphezulu we-304 yensimbi engenasici ngocingo.
Kwiimvavanyo kwi-photocurrent density, i-304SS kunye ne-Ag / NiS / TiO2 photoanodes zifakwe kwiiseli ze-corrosion kunye neeseli ze-photoanode, ngokulandelanayo (umzobo 3).Ubuninzi be-photocurrent bulinganiswe kwi-setup efanayo ne-OCP.Ukufumana i-photocurrent density yangempela phakathi kwe-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-photoanode, i-potentiostat isetyenziswe njenge-ammeter yokumelana ne-zero ukuxhuma i-304 insimbi engenasici kunye ne-photoanode phantsi kweemeko ezingekho polarized.Ukwenza oku, ireferensi kunye nee-electrode zokubala kuseto lovavanyo zifutshane, ukuze indawo yokusebenzela ye-electrochemical isebenze njenge-ammeter yokuchasa i-zero enokulinganisa ubuninzi bokwenene bangoku.I-electrode ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ixhunywe kumhlaba we-electrochemical workstation, kwaye i-photoanode ixhunyiwe kwi-clamp esebenzayo ye-electrode.Ekuqaleni kovavanyo, xa ukukhanya kuvuliwe kwaye kuvaliwe, ii-electron ezinomdla ze-photoanode ngocingo zifikelela kumphezulu we-304 yensimbi engenasici.Ngeli xesha, utshintsho kwi-photocurrent density ebusweni be-304 yensimbi engenasici ingabonwa.
Ukufunda ukusebenza kokukhusela i-cathodic ye-nanocomposites kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici, utshintsho kwi-photoionization ye-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-nanocomposites, kunye noshintsho kwi-photoionization yangoku yobuninzi phakathi kwe-nanocomposites kunye ne-304 yensimbi engenasici, yavavanywa.
Kwikhiwane.I-4 ibonisa utshintsho kwikhono lesekethe elivulekileyo le-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-nanocomposites phantsi kwe-irradiation ebonakalayo kunye phantsi kweemeko ezimnyama.Kwikhiwane.I-4a ibonisa impembelelo yexesha lokubekwa kwe-NiS ngokuntywiliselwa kwisakhono sesekethe evulekileyo, kunye nomkhiwane.I-4b ibonisa umphumo we-nitrate yesilivere kwi-concentration ye-nitrate evulekileyo yesiphaluka ngexesha lokunciphisa i-photoreduction.Kwikhiwane.I-4a ibonisa ukuba amandla esekethe evulekileyo ye-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite ebophelelwe kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici iyancitshiswa kakhulu ngeli xesha isibane sivuliwe xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel sulfide composite.Ukongezelela, amandla esekethe evulekileyo abi ngaphezu kwe-TiO2 nanowires ecocekileyo, ebonisa ukuba i-nickel sulfide composite ivelisa ii-electron ezininzi kwaye iphucula umphumo wokukhusela i-photocathode kwi-TiO2.Nangona kunjalo, ekupheleni kokuvezwa, amandla okungabikho komthwalo aphakama ngokukhawuleza kwi-no-load potential of steel stainless steel, ebonisa ukuba i-nickel sulfide ayinayo impembelelo yokugcina amandla.Isiphumo senani lemijikelezo yokuntywiliselwa kwi-deposit cycle kwikhono lesekethe elivulekileyo lingabonwa kwi-Fig. 4a.Ngexesha lokubeka i-6, amandla amakhulu e-nanocomposite afikelela -550 mV ngokumalunga ne-calomel electrode egcweleyo, kwaye amandla e-nanocomposite afakwe kwi-factor ye-6 aphantsi kakhulu kune-nanocomposite phantsi kwezinye iimeko.Ngaloo ndlela, i-nanocomposites ye-NiS / TiO2 efunyenwe emva kwemijikelezo ye-6 yokubeka inikezela ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-cathodic ye-304 yensimbi engenasici.
Utshintsho kwi-OCP ye-304 ye-electrodes yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites (a) kunye ne-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites (b) kunye nokukhanya ngaphandle kokukhanya (λ > 400 nm).
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.I-4b, amandla esekethe evulekileyo ye-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites yancitshiswa kakhulu xa ibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni.Emva kokubekwa komphezulu we-nanoparticles yesilivere, amandla esekethe avulekileyo ancitshiswe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-TiO2 nanowires ecocekileyo.Ikhono le-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite libi kakhulu, libonisa ukuba umphumo wokukhusela we-cathodic we-TiO2 uphucula kakhulu emva kokuba i-Ag nanoparticles ifakwe.Umthamo wesiphaluka ovulekileyo wanda ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kokuvezwa, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa ne-calomel electrode egcweleyo, amandla esekethe avulekileyo anokufikelela -580 mV, eyayingaphantsi kwe-304 yensimbi engenasici (-180 mV).Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba i-nanocomposite inefuthe elimangalisayo lokugcina amandla emva kokuba iinqununu zesilivere zifakwe phezu kwayo.Kwikhiwane.I-4b iphinda ibonise umphumo we-nitrate yesilivere kwi-concentration ye-nitrate evulekileyo.Kwi-concentration ye-nitrate yesilivere ye-0.1 M, ukukhawulela okunokuthi kwenzeke malunga ne-calomel electrode egcweleyo ifikelela -925 mV.Emva komjikelezo wesicelo se-4, amandla ahlala kwinqanaba emva kwesicelo sokuqala, esibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-nanocomposite.Ngaloo ndlela, kwi-concentration ye-nitrate yesilivere ye-0.1 M, i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 i-nanocomposite enesiphumo ineyona nto ingcono yokukhusela i-cathodic kwi-304 insimbi engenasici.
Ukubekwa kwe-NiS kumphezulu we-TiO2 nanowires kuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kwexesha lokubeka i-NiS.Xa ukukhanya okubonakalayo kubetha umphezulu we-nanowire, iindawo ezisebenzayo ze-nickel sulfide ziyavuya ukuvelisa ii-electron, kwaye amandla e-photoionization ayancipha ngakumbi.Nangona kunjalo, xa i-nickel sulfide nanoparticles ifakwe ngokugqithiseleyo phezu komhlaba, i-nickel sulfide eyonwabileyo iyancitshiswa endaweni yoko, engabandakanyi ekufakeni ukukhanya.Emva kokuba iincinci zesilivere zifakwe phezu komhlaba, ngenxa yempembelelo ye-plasmon resonance ye-particle yesilivere, ii-electron eziveliswayo ziya kudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu we-304 yensimbi engenasici, okubangelwa yimpembelelo yokukhusela i-cathodic.Xa amasuntswana esilivere amaninzi efakwe kumphezulu, amasuntswana esilivere abe yindawo yokudibanisa iiphotoelectrons kunye nemingxuma, engabangeli galelo kwisizukulwana seefotoelectron.Ekugqibeleni, i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 i-nanocomposites inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono lwe-cathodic kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici emva kwe-6-fold nickel sulfide deposition phantsi kwe-0.1 M yesilivere ye-nitrate.
Ixabiso le-photocurrent density limele amandla okwahlula ii-electron ezenziwe ngeefoto kunye nemingxunya, kwaye okukhona ukuxinana kwefotocurrent, kokukhona kunamandla okwahlulayo kwee-electron ezenziwe ngeefoto kunye nemingxunya.Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba i-NiS isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-synthesis ye-photocatalytic materials ukuphucula iimpawu ze-photoelectric zezixhobo kunye nokwahlula imingxuma15,16,17,18,19,20.UChen et al.wafunda igraphene enesidima-zesinyithi kunye ne-g-C3N4 edityanisiweyo kunye ne-NiS15.Ubuninzi be-photocurrent ye-modified g-C3N4 / 0.25%RGO/3%NiS yi-0.018 μA/cm2.UChen et al.wafunda i-CdSe-NiS nge-photocurrent density malunga ne-10 µA/cm2.16.ULiu et al.yenziwe iCdS@NiS indibaniselwano enoxinano lwefotocurrent ye-15 µA/cm218.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-NiS yokukhusela ifotocathode akukabikwa.Kuphononongo lwethu, ingxinano yefotocurrent ye-TiO2 yonyuswe kakhulu ngokuguqulwa kwe-NiS.Kwikhiwane.I-5 ibonisa utshintsho kwi-photocurrent density ye-304 insimbi engenasici kunye ne-nanocomposites phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya ezibonakalayo kwaye ngaphandle kokukhanya.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.I-5a, i-photocurrent density ye-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite yanda ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhanya kukhanya, kwaye i-photocurrent density ilungile, ebonisa ukuhamba kwee-electron ukusuka kwi-nanocomposite ukuya phezulu ngokusebenzisa i-electrochemical workstation.304 intsimbi engenasici.Emva kokulungiswa kwe-nickel sulfide composites, ubuninzi be-photocurrent bukhulu kunobunyulu be-TiO2 nanowires.I-photocurrent density ye-NiS ifikelela kwi-220 μA / cm2, eyi-6.8 ngamaxesha aphezulu kune-TiO2 nanowires (32 μA / cm2), xa i-NiS ibhaptizwa kwaye ifakwe ngamaxesha angama-6.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwifig.I-5b, i-photocurrent density phakathi kwe-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite kunye ne-304 yensimbi engenasici yayiphezulu kakhulu kunokuba phakathi kwe-TiO2 ecocekileyo kunye ne-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite xa ivuliwe phantsi kwesibane se-xenon.Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-5b ubonisa kwakhona umphumo we-AgNO yoxinaniso kwi-photocurrent density ngexesha lokunciphisa ifoto.Kwi-concentration ye-nitrate yesilivere ye-0.1 M, i-photocurrent density ifikelela kwi-410 μA / cm2, eyi-12.8 ngamaxesha aphezulu kune-TiO2 nanowires (32 μA / cm2) kunye namaxesha angama-1.8 aphezulu kune-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites.Intsimi yombane ye-heterojunction yenziwa kwi-interface ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite, eququzelela ukuhlukana kwee-electron ezenziwe ngeefoto ezivela emigodini.
Utshintsho kwi-photocurrent density ye-304 ye-electrode yensimbi engenasici kunye (a) i-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite kunye (b) ne-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite kunye nokukhanya ngaphandle kokukhanya (λ > 400 nm).
Ngaloo ndlela, emva kwemijikelezo ye-6 ye-nickel sulfide i-immersion-deposition kwi-0.1 M ye-nitrate yesilivere egxininisiweyo, i-photocurrent density phakathi kwe-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites kunye ne-304 insimbi engenasici ifikelela kwi-410 μA / cm2, ephakamileyo kune-calomel egcweleyo.i-electrodes ifikelela -925 mV.Ngaphantsi kwezi meko, i-304 insimbi engenasici edibeneyo kunye ne-Ag / NiS / TiO2 inokubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-cathodic.
Kwikhiwane.I-6 ibonisa imifanekiso ye-electron ye-microscope ecocekileyo ye-titanium dioxide nanowires, i-composite nickel sulfide nanoparticles, kunye ne-nanoparticles yesilivere phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.Kwikhiwane.6a, d bonisa iTiO2 nanowires ecocekileyo efunyenwe nge-anodization yenqanaba elinye.Ukuhanjiswa komphezulu we-titanium dioxide nanowires kufana, izakhiwo ze-nanowires zisondelelene, kwaye ukusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore bufana.Amanani 6b kunye ne-e yi-electron micrographs ye-titanium dioxide emva kokufakwa kwe-6-fold and deposition of nickel sulfide composites.Ukususela kumfanekiso we-electron microscopic ukhuliswe ngamaxesha angama-200,000 kwi-Fig.Ezinye i-nanoparticles zinokubonwa kwindawo yendawo ye-nanowires, kwaye i-titanium dioxide nanowires ibonakala ngokucacileyo.Kwikhiwane.I-6c, f ibonisa imifanekiso ye-electron microscopic ye-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites kwi-concentration ye-AgNO ye-0.1 M. Xa kuthelekiswa neeFigs.6b kunye nomkhiwane.6e, umzo.6c kunye nekhiwane.I-6f ibonisa ukuba i-Ag nanoparticles ifakwe kumphezulu wezinto ezidibeneyo, kunye ne-Ag nanoparticles ihanjiswe ngokufanayo kunye nobubanzi obumalunga ne-10 nm.Kwikhiwane.I-7 ibonisa i-cross section ye-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanofilms ephantsi kwemijikelo ye-6 ye-NiS dip deposition kwi-AgNO3 yoxinaniso lwe-0.1 M. Ukususela kwimifanekiso ephezulu yokukhulisa, ubukhulu befilimu obulinganisiweyo be-240-270 nm.Ngaloo ndlela, i-nickel kunye nesilivere sulfide nanoparticles zihlanganiswe phezu kobuso beTiO2 nanowires.
I-TiO2 ecocekileyo (a, d), i-NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites enemijikelo eyi-6 ye-NiS dip deposition (b, e) kunye ne-Ag/NiS/NiS enemijikelo eyi-6 ye-NiS dip deposition kwi-0.1 M AgNO3 SEM imifanekiso ye-TiO2 nanocomposites (c, e).
Icandelo elinqamlezayo le-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanofilms liphantsi kwemijikelo emi-6 ye-NiS dip deposition kwi-AgNO3 yoxinaniso lwe-0.1 M.
Kwikhiwane.I-8 ibonisa ukuhanjiswa komhlaba kwezinto phezu kwendawo ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites efunyenwe kwi-6 imijikelezo ye-nickel sulfide dip deposition kwi-concentration ye-nitrate yesilivere ye-0.1 M. Ukuhanjiswa komphezulu kwezinto kubonisa ukuba i-Ti, O, Ni, S kunye ne-Ag zifunyenwe.usebenzisa i-spectroscopy yamandla.Ngokubhekiselele kumxholo, i-Ti kunye ne-O zizinto eziqhelekileyo ekusasazeni, ngelixa i-Ni kunye ne-S ziphantse zifana, kodwa umxholo wabo uphantsi kakhulu kune-Ag.Kwakhona kunokungqinwa ukuba ubungakanani be-nanoparticles yesilivere ehlanganisiweyo inkulu kune-nickel sulfide.Ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwezinto kumphezulu kubonisa ukuba i-nickel kunye nesilivere sulfide ziboshwe ngokulinganayo kumphezulu we-TiO2 nanowires.Uhlalutyo lwe-X-ray ye-photoelectron spectroscopic iye yaqhutyelwa ukuhlalutya ukubunjwa okuthe ngqo kunye nesimo esibophezelayo sezinto.
Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto (i-Ti, O, Ni, S, kunye ne-Ag) ye-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites kwi-AgNO3 yoxinaniso lwe-0.1 M kwimijikelo emi-6 ye-NiS dip deposition.
Kwikhiwane.Umzobo we-9 ubonisa i-XPS spectra ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites efunyenwe ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo ye-6 ye-nickel sulfide deposition ngokucwiliswa kwi-0.1 M AgNO3, apho ikhiwane.I-9a yi-spectrum epheleleyo, kwaye yonke i-spectra yi-spectra enesisombululo esiphezulu sezinto.Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-spectrum epheleleyo kwi-Fig. 9a, iincopho zokufunxa zeTi, O, Ni, S, kunye ne-Ag zifunyenwe kwi-nanocomposite, ebonisa ubukho bezi zinto zintlanu.Iziphumo zovavanyo zazihambelana ne-EDS.Incopho engaphezulu kuMzobo 9a yincopho yekhabhoni esetyenziselwa ukulungisa amandla okubopha isampuli.Kwikhiwane.I-9b ibonisa i-spectrum yamandla esisombululo esiphezulu se-Ti.I-absorption peaks ye-orbitals ye-2p ifumaneka kwi-459.32 kunye ne-465 eV, ehambelana nokuxutywa kwe-Ti 2p3 / 2 kunye ne-Ti 2p1 / 2 orbitals.Iincopho ezimbini zokufunxa zibonisa ukuba i-titanium ine-valence ye-Ti4 +, ehambelana ne-Ti kwi-TiO2.
I-XPS ye-spectra ye-Ag/NiS/TiO2 yokulinganisa (a) kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu se-XPS spectra ye-Ti2p (b), i-O1s (c), i-Ni2p (d), i-S2p (e), kunye ne-Ag 3d (f).
Kwikhiwane.I-9d ibonisa i-high-resolution ye-Ni ye-spectrum yamandla kunye neencopho ezine zokufunxa ze-Ni 2p orbital.Iincopho zokufunxa kwi-856 kunye ne-873.5 eV zihambelana ne-Ni 2p3 / 2 kunye ne-Ni 2p1 / 2 8.10 orbitals, apho i-absorption iphezulu ye-NiS.I-absorption iphezulu kwi-881 kunye ne-863 eV ye-nickel nitrate kwaye ibangelwa yi-nickel nitrate reagent ngexesha lokulungiselela isampuli.Kwikhiwane.I-9e ibonisa isisombululo esiphezulu se-S-spectrum.Ukuphakama kwe-absorption ye-orbitals ye-S 2p ifumaneka kwi-161.5 kunye ne-168.1 eV, ehambelana ne-S 2p3 / 2 kunye ne-S 2p1 / 2 orbitals 21, 22, 23, 24. Ezi zimbini ziphezulu ze-nickel sulfide compounds.I-absorption iphezulu kwi-169.2 kunye ne-163.4 eV ye-sodium sulfide reagent.Kwikhiwane.I-9f ibonisa i-high-resolution Ag spectrum apho i-3d orbital absorption peaks yesilivere ibekwe kwi-368.2 kunye ne-374.5 eV, ngokulandelanayo, kunye neencopho zokufunxa ezimbini zihambelana ne-orbits yokufunxa ye-Ag 3d5 / 2 kunye ne-Ag 2, i-3d 31 ye-2, i-peaks ye-2, i-2, i-3d , i-2, i-2, i-3d , i-2, i-3d, i-2, i-3d , i-3d, i-1312 imeko yesilivere esisiseko.Ngaloo ndlela, i-nanocomposites ikakhulu iqulunqwe yi-Ag, i-NiS kunye ne-TiO2, eyagqitywa yi-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ebonisa ukuba i-nickel kunye nesilivere sulfide nanoparticles zadityaniswa ngempumelelo kumphezulu we-TiO2 nanowires.
Kwikhiwane.I-10 ibonisa i-UV-VIS i-diffuse reflectance spectra ye-TiO2 nanowires esanda kulungiswa, i-NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites, kunye ne-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.Inokubonwa kumzobo wokuba umda wokufunxa we-TiO2 nanowires umalunga ne-390 nm, kwaye ukukhanya okufunxayo kugxininiswe kakhulu kwingingqi ye-ultraviolet.Inokubonwa kumfanekiso ukuba emva kokudityaniswa kwe-nickel kunye nesilivere sulfide nanoparticles kumphezulu we-titanium dioxide nanowires 21, 22, ukukhanya okufunxayo kusasazeka kwindawo yokukhanya ebonakalayo.Ngelo xesha, i-nanocomposite iye yandisa ukunyuswa kwe-UV, ehambelana ne-gap encinci ye-nickel sulfide.Okukhona usiba mxinwa umsantsa webhendi, kokukhona usezantsi umqobo wamandla otshintsho lwe-elektroniki kwaye kokukhona uphezulu iqondo lokusetyenziswa kokukhanya.Emva kokudibanisa indawo ye-NiS / TiO2 kunye ne-nanoparticles yesilivere, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-absorption kunye ne-wavelength yokukhanya akuzange kunyuke kakhulu, ngokukodwa ngenxa yempembelelo ye-plasmon resonance ebusweni be-nanoparticles yesilivere.I-absorption wavelength ye-TiO2 nanowires ayiphucukanga kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-gap yebhendi encinci ye-nanoparticles ye-NiS edibeneyo.Isishwankathelo, emva kokuba i-nickel sulfide edibeneyo kunye ne-nanoparticles yesilivere ebusweni be-titanium dioxide nanowires, iimpawu zayo zokufunxa ukukhanya ziphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye uluhlu lwe-absorption olukhanyayo lwandiswa ukusuka kwi-ultraviolet ukuya ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, okuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide nanowires.ukukhanya okuphucula amandla ezinto ukwenza ii-photoelectrons.
I-UV / Vis isasaza imbonakalo ye-spectra ye-TiO2 nanowires entsha, i-NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, kunye ne-Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.
Kwikhiwane.I-11 ibonisa indlela yokumelana ne-photochemical corrosion ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites phantsi kwe-irradiation ebonakalayo.Ngokusekelwe ekuhanjisweni okunokwenzeka kwe-nanoparticles yesilivere, i-nickel sulfide, kunye nebhendi yokuqhuba i-titanium dioxide, imephu enokwenzeka yendlela yokumelana nokubola iyacetywa.Ngenxa yokuba i-conduction band ye-nanosilver i-negative xa ithelekiswa ne-nickel sulfide, kunye ne-conduction band ye-nickel sulfide i-negative xa ithelekiswa ne-titanium dioxide, indlela yokuhamba kwe-electron i-Ag→NiS→TiO2→304 yentsimbi engatyiwayo.Xa ukukhanya kukhanya kumphezulu we-nanocomposite, ngenxa yempembelelo ye-plasmon resonance ye-nanosilver, i-nanosilver inokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza imingxunya yeefoto kunye nee-electron, kunye nee-electron ezenziwe ngefoto zihamba ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwindawo ye-valence band ukuya kwindawo yebhendi yokuqhuba ngenxa yolonwabo.I-Titanium dioxide kunye ne-nickel sulfide.Ekubeni i-conductivity ye-nanoparticles yesilivere imbi ngakumbi kune-nickel sulfide, i-electron kwi-TS ye-nanoparticles yesilivere iguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-TS ye-nickel sulfide.Ikhono lokuqhuba i-nickel sulfide libi kakhulu kune-titanium dioxide, ngoko ke ii-electron ze-nickel sulfide kunye ne-conductivity yesilivere ziqokelela ngokukhawuleza kwi-CB ye-titanium dioxide.Ii-electron ezenziwe ngeefoto zifikelela kumphezulu we-304 yensimbi engenasici nge-titanium matrix, kwaye ii-electron eziphuculweyo zithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokunciphisa i-oxygen ye-cathodic ye-304 yensimbi engenasici.Le nkqubo inciphisa i-cathodic reaction kwaye ngexesha elifanayo licinezela i-anodic dissolution reaction ye-304 yensimbi engenasici, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukukhuselwa kwe-cathodic yensimbi engenasici 304. Ngenxa yokubunjwa kwentsimi yombane ye-heterojunction kwi-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite, i-conductive i-conductive yokukhusela i-cathodic engaphezulu, i-nanocomposite enokuthi iphuculwe ngakumbi. isiphumo 304 steel stainless.
Umzobo weSchematic wenkqubo ye-photoelectrochemical anti-corrosion ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.
Kulo msebenzi, i-nickel kunye nesilivere ye-sulfide nanoparticles zenziwe kumgangatho we-TiO2 nanowires ngendlela elula yokucwiliswa kunye ne-photoreduction.Uchungechunge lwezifundo malunga nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites kwi-304 insimbi engenasici yenziwe.Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-morphological, uhlalutyo lokubunjwa kunye nohlalutyo lweempawu zokufunxa ukukhanya, ezi zigqibo zilandelayo ziphambili zenziwe:
Ngenani lemijikelezo ye-impregnation-deposition ye-nickel sulfide ye-6 kunye ne-concentration ye-nitrate yesilivere ye-photoreduction ye-0.1 mol / l, i-Ag / NiS / TiO2 i-nanocomposites eyaphumela ibe nefuthe elingcono lokukhusela i-cathodic kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-calomel electrode egcweleyo, amandla okukhusela afikelela -925 mV, kwaye ukhuseleko lwangoku lufikelela kwi-410 μA / cm2.
Intsimi yombane ye-heterojunction yenziwe kwi-interface ye-Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite, ephucula amandla okuhlula ama-electron kunye nemingxuma.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kokukhanya kwandiswe kwaye uluhlu lokufunxa ukukhanya lwandiswa ukusuka kummandla we-ultraviolet ukuya kummandla obonakalayo.I-nanocomposite iya kuhlala igcina isimo sayo sokuqala ngokuzinza kakuhle emva kwemijikelezo ye-4.
I-Ag/NiS/TiO2 i-nanocomposites elungiselelwe ngovavanyo inomphezulu ofanayo kunye noxineneyo.I-Nickel sulfide kunye ne-nanoparticles yesilivere idityaniswe ngokufanayo kumphezulu we-TiO2 nanowires.I-composite cobalt ferrite kunye ne-nanoparticles yesilivere icocekile kakhulu.
Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN Impembelelo ye-Photocathodic yokukhusela iifilimu ze-TiO2 ze-carbon steel kwi-3% yezisombululo ze-NaCl. Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN Impembelelo ye-Photocathodic yokukhusela iifilimu ze-TiO2 ze-carbon steel kwi-3% yezisombululo ze-NaCl. Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN Эффект фотокатодной пленок TiO2 Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN Photocathode umphumo wokukhusela iifilimu ze-TiO2 ze-carbon steel kwi-3% yezisombululo ze-NaCl. Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN TiO2 薄膜在3% NaCl 溶液中对碳钢的光阴极保护效果。 Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN TiO2 薄膜在3% NaCl 溶液中对碳钢的光阴极保护效果。 Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN Фотокатодная защита углеродистой стали тонкими пленками TiO2 в 3% растворе NaCl. Li, MC, Luo, SZ, Wu, PF & Shen, JN Ukukhuselwa kwe-Photocathode ye-carbon steel kunye ne-TiO2 iifilimu ezincinci kwi-3% isisombululo se-NaCl.Electrochem.Acta 50, 3401-3406 (2005).
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