Amacandelo okukhusela ipompo abonakaliswe ukukhusela iimpompo kwisanti kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokusebenza kwe-ESPs kwimithombo engavumelekanga.Esi sisombululo silawula umva kwesanti ye-frac kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo ezinokubangela ukugqithisa kunye nokunciphisa ixesha.Ubuchwephesha obuvumelayo buphelisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nokungaqiniseki kokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle.
Njengoko imigodi yeoli eninzi ixhomekeke kwi-ESPs, ukwandisa ubomi beenkqubo zokupompa i-electric submersible pumping (ESP) iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.Ubomi bokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweempompo zokunyusa ezenziweyo zivakalelwa kwizinto eziqinileyo kwii-fluids eziveliswayo.Ubomi bokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwe-ESP kwehle kakhulu ngokunyuka kwamasuntswana aqinileyo.Ukongezelela, i-solids yandisa ixesha lokunciphisa kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwe-ESP efunekayo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo i-frequency workover frequency.
Amasuntswana aqinileyo ahlala equkuqela kwiimpompo zokunyusa ezenziweyo abandakanya isanti yokwakheka, i-hydraulic fracturing proppants, isamente, kunye namasuntswana esinyithi akhukulisiweyo okanye agxumekileyo.Iitekhnoloji zeDownhole ezenzelwe ukwahlula izinto eziqinileyo ukusuka kwizitshingitshane ezisebenza kancinci ukuya kwi-3D ephezulu yobuchule bentsimbi engenastainless wire mesh. i-marily isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimpompo ezivela kwiincinci ezinkulu ngexesha lokuvelisa.Nangona kunjalo, amaqula angaqhelekanga axhomekeke ekuhambeni kwexesha le-slug, okubangela ukuba iteknoloji ekhoyo ye-downhole ye-vortex separator isebenza kuphela ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izikrini zolawulo lwesanti edibeneyo kunye ne-downhole vortex desanders ziye zacetywa ukukhusela i-ESPs.Noko ke, kukho izikhewu kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yazo zonke iimpompo ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kubungakanani bokusabalalisa kunye nomthamo wezinto eziqinileyo eziveliswa ngumthombo ngamnye. s.Ubunzulu bokubeka ubunzulu bukhethwa kumaqula angaqhelekanga.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-de-sanders kunye ne-anchors yodaka eyindoda ukumisa iindibano zokulawula isanti ezinde, eziqinileyo kumacandelo e-casing kunye nobukhulu obuphezulu be-dogleg elinganiselwe uphuculo lwe-ESP MTBF.Ukonakala kwetyhubhu yangaphakathi yenye inkalo yolu yilo oluyilwayo olungazange lube nolwamvila.
Ababhali bephepha le-2005 babonisa iziphumo zovavanyo lwesanti yesanti ephantsi kwe-downhole esekelwe kwi-tube ye-cyclone (Umfanekiso 1), oxhomekeke kwisenzo se-cyclone kunye nobunzima, ukubonisa ukuba ukwahlukana kakuhle kuxhomekeke kwi-viscosity yeoli, izinga lokuhamba, kunye nobukhulu be-particle. i-particle size, kunye nokwandisa i-oil viscosity, i-Figure 2. Kwi-cyclone ye-tube ye-downhole separator eqhelekileyo, ukuhlukana okusebenzayo kwehla ukuya kwi- ~ 10% njengoko ubungakanani be-particle buhla kwi ~ 100 µm.Ukongezelela, njengoko izinga lokuhamba linyuka, i-vortex separator ixhomekeke kwi-erosion wear, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo obomi.
Enye indlela elandelayo enengqiqo kukusebenzisa isikrini solawulo lwesanti ye-2D kunye nobubanzi obuchaziweyo be-slot.Ubungakanani be-Particle kunye nokusabalalisa kubalulekile ukuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha izikrini zokucoca izinto eziqinileyo kwimveliso eqhelekileyo okanye engavumelekanga, kodwa inokuthi ingaziwa.Izinto eziqinileyo zingavela kwi-reservoir, kodwa zinokuhluka ukusuka kwisithende ukuya kwisithende;ngenye indlela, isikrini sinokudinga ukuhluza isanti kwi-hydraulic fracturing.Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ixabiso lokuqokelelwa kwezinto eziqinileyo, uhlalutyo kunye novavanyo lunokuthintela.
Ukuba isikrini se-tubing ye-2D ayicwangciswanga ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo zinokuthi ziphazamise uqoqosho lwe-well.I-Sand screen yokuvula isikrini esincinci kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba iplagi yangaphambi kwexesha, ukuvalwa kunye nesidingo sokusebenza ngokulungisa. I-sal.Le meko idinga isisombululo esilula, esineendleko ezinokwandisa ubomi bempompo kwaye igubungele ukusabalalisa okubanzi kobukhulu besanti.
Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno, uphononongo lwenziwa malunga nokusetyenziswa kweendibano zevalve ngokudityaniswa kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi engenanto, engenaluvelwano kwisiphumo sokusabalalisa izinto eziqinileyo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba umnatha wocingo lwentsimbi engenastainless kunye nobungakanani bepore eguquguqukayo kunye nesakhiwo se-3D sinokulawula ngempumelelo iziqina ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bezinto eziqinileyo ezinesiphumo. ukuhluzwa.
Indibano yevalvu ebekwe emazantsi ekhusi ivumela imveliso ukuba iqhubeke de i-ESP ikhutshwe.Ithintela i-ESP ukuba ingafunyanwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba isikrini sivaliwe.Isiphumo sesikrini sokulawula isanti yesanti kunye nendibano yevalvu ikhusela ii-ESPs, iimpompo zokuphakamisa intonga, kunye nokugqitywa kwegesi yokunyusa ukusuka kwizinto eziqinileyo ngexesha lemveliso ngokucoca ukuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ibonelela ngeendleko-esebenzayo zokufumana isisombululo sokwandisa umgangatho we-Pump ubomi be-taiserv.
Isizukulwana sokuqala sempompo yokukhusela i-design.A indibano yokukhusela impompo usebenzisa izikrini zoboya zensimbi ezingenasici zafakwa kumphunga wancedisa umxhuzulane wokudonsa kakuhle eNtshona Canada ukukhusela i-ESP kwizinto eziqinileyo ngexesha lemveliso.Izikrini zokucoca izinto eziqinileyo eziyingozi ukusuka kulwelo lwemveliso njengoko zingena kumtya wemveliso.Ngaphakathi komtya wemveliso, ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuya kwi-inlet ye-ESP, apho batyhulwa khona kwi-screens ye-gravity phakathi kwe-zone ye-zone kunye nokubonelela nge-zone ye-zone kunye nokubonelela nge-zone ye-zone ye-ESP kunye nokubonelela ngomphezulu we-zone. umthombo ophezulu.
Ngaphezulu kwexesha lokuvelisa, indawo ye-annular phakathi kwesikrini kunye ne-casing ithambekele kwibhulorho kunye nesanti, okwandisa ukumelana nokuhamba.Ekugqibeleni, ibhuloho ye-annulus ngokupheleleyo, iyayeka ukuhamba, kwaye idala ukuhlukana koxinzelelo phakathi kwe-wellbore kunye nomtya wokuvelisa, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 3. Kweli nqanaba, i-fluid ayikwazi ukugeleza kwi-ESP kwaye umtya wokugqiba kufuneka utsalwe.Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kwezinto eziqinileyo, ixesha elifunekayo ukumisa ukuhamba ngebhulorho eqinileyo kwisikrini inokuba ngaphantsi kwexesha eliya kuvumela i-ESP ukupompa i-solids elayishiweyo ithetha ixesha phakathi kokungaphumeleli emhlabeni, ngoko isizukulwana sesibini samacandelo saphuhliswa.
Indibano yokukhusela ipompo yesizukulwana sesibini.I-PumpGuard * isikrini sokulawula isanti yesanti kunye nenkqubo yokuhlanganisa i-valve imisiwe ngaphantsi kwepompo ye-REDA * kwi-Figure 4, umzekelo wokugqitywa kwe-ESP engavumelekanga. Emva kokuba umthombo uvelisa, isikrini sihluza izinto eziqinileyo kwimveliso, kodwa iya kuqala ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ibhuloho kunye nesanti kwaye idale ukuhlukana koxinzelelo. Umtya kwi-ESP.Oku kuhamba kulinganisa ukuhlukana koxinzelelo kwikhusi, ukukhulula ukubamba kweengxowa zesanti ngaphandle kwesikrini.Intlabathi ikhululekile ukugqabhuka ngaphandle kwe-annulus, enciphisa ukuchasana kokuhamba ngesikrini kwaye ivumela ukuhamba kwakhona.Njengoko ukuhlukana koxinzelelo lwehla, ivalve ibuyela kwindawo yayo evaliweyo kunye neemeko zokuhamba eziqhelekileyo ziphinde ziqalise. kweli nqaku bonisa ukuba inkqubo iyakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi bempompo xa kuthelekiswa nokugqitywa kokuhlolwa kwedwa.
Ufakelo lwakutsha nje, isisombululo esiqhutywa yindleko saziswa kwindawo yokwahlula phakathi kwentsimbi yentsimbi engenasici kunye ne-ESP.A ejonge ezantsi ejonge ipakethe yekomityi iphakanyiswe ngaphezulu kwecandelo lesikrini.Ngaphezu kompakisheli wekomityi, i-perforations yeziko elongezelelweyo letyhubhu ibonelela ngendlela yokuhamba yolwelo oluveliswayo lokufuduka ukusuka ngaphakathi kwesikrini ukuya kwisithuba se-annular ngaphezulu kwepakethe, apho i-fluid ingangena kwi-ESP.
Isihluzi sensimbi engenasici ekhethiweyo kwesi sisombululo sinikeza iingenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kwe-gap-based mesh ye-2D iintlobo. Izihluzi ze-2D zithembele ngokuyinhloko kumasuntswana athatha izikhewu zokucoca okanye kwiindawo zokubeka ukwakha iingxowa zesanti kunye nokubonelela ngolawulo lwesanti.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ixabiso le-gap elilodwa kuphela linokukhethwa kwikhusi, isikrini siba buhlungu kakhulu kwi-particle ye-particle yokusabalalisa ulwelo oluveliswayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ibhedi eshinyeneyo enemingxuma yentsimbi engenastainless izihluzi zocingo olunomnatha zibonelela nge-porosity ephezulu (92%) kunye nommandla omkhulu ovulekileyo ovulekileyo (40%) we-wellbore fluid eveliswayo.Icebo lokucoca lakhiwe ngokucinezela umnatha woboya bentsimbi engenastainless kwaye uyisongele ngokuthe ngqo malunga nombhobho weziko elinemingxuma, emva koko uyifake kwikhava yokukhusela enemingxuma ekhuselweyo ekhuselweyo kwi-angular ye-angular ekupheleni kwebhedi kwi-angular. i-orientation (ukusuka kwi-15 µm ukuya kwi-600 µm) ivumela izohlwayo ezingenabungozi ukuba zihambe ngendlela ye-3D ukuya kwi-tube esembindini emva kokuba amasuntswana amakhulu kunye anobungozi abanjwe ngaphakathi kwe-mesh. Esi sikrini soboya bentsimbi esingenasici saphuhliswa ngumsebenzi omkhulu kwiminyaka yoo-1980s ngokukodwa ukulungiselela ukugqityezelwa kwesikrini kwimithombo evuselelwe ngumphunga kwaye inerekhodi ebanzi yofakelo oluyimpumelelo.
I-valve ye-valve iqulethe i-valve elayishwe entwasahlobo evumela ukuhamba kwendlela enye ukuya kumtya we-tubing ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa. Ngokulungelelanisa i-coil spring preload ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukufezekisa uxinzelelo olufunwayo lokuqhekeka kwesicelo. uxinzelelo olusezantsi lokuqhekeka kunevalve esezantsi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iinqununu zokubumba zigcwalisa indawo ye-annular phakathi kwendawo yangaphandle yesikrini somkhuseli wempompo kunye nodonga lwe-casing yemveliso.Njengokuba i-casing cavity igcwalisa isanti kunye neengqungquthela zidibanisa, ukuhla koxinzelelo kwi-sandbag kuyanda.Xa olu xinzelelo lufikelela kwixabiso lokuseta ngaphambili, i-valve ye-cone ivula kwaye ivumela ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pump inlet.At ukutyhutyha umbhobho wesanti ngaphambili, i-exterior ye-santi iyakwazi ukutyhutyha umbhobho wesanti ngaphambili. Isihlungi
Inkqubo yokukhusela impompo yayiqhutywe kunye nabapakishi kumaqula amathathu ahlukeneyo kwi-Delaware Basin e-United States.Injongo ephambili kukunciphisa inani le-ESP liqala kwaye liyeke ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwezinto ezinxulumene nesanti kunye nokwandisa ukufumaneka kwe-ESP ukuphucula imveliso.Inkqubo yokukhusela impompo imisiwe ukusuka ekupheleni kwentambo ye-ESP.Iziphumo ze-oil well well-ups kwi-oil welling system kwi-oil welling system, i-oil welling system, i-pomp, i-oil welling system, i-pomp, i-oil welling system, i-pomp, i-oil welling system, i-pomp, i-oil welling system, i-pomp, i-oil welling system, i-oil welling system, impompo yokunciphisa i-oil. Ixesha lokuphumla lesanti kunye nezinto eziqinileyo zincitshiswe ngama-75% kwaye ubomi bempompo bunyuke ngaphezu kwe-22%.
Iqula.Inkqubo ye-ESP yafakwa kwindawo entsha yokomba kunye nokuqhekeka kakuhle eMartin County, eTexas.Inxalenye ethe nkqo yequla imalunga neenyawo ze-9,000 kwaye inxalenye ethe tyaba ifikelela kwiimitha ezili-12,000, ubunzulu obulinganisiweyo (MD) kwesahlukanisi sesanti, ukuziphatha okungazinzanga kweeparamitha zokusebenza kwe-ESP (ukuqina kwangoku kunye nokungcangcazela) kwabonwa.Uhlalutyo lwe-Disassembly lweyunithi ye-ESP etsaliweyo lubonise ukuba indibano ye-vortex ye-gas separator yayivalwe yinto yangaphandle, eyayizimisele ukuba yintlabathi ngenxa yokuba i-non-magnetic kwaye ayisebenzi ngokwekhemikhali nge-asidi.
Kufakelo lwesithathu lwe-ESP, i-mesh yensimbi engenasici ithathe indawo yesahluli sesanti njengendlela yokulawula isanti ye-ESP.Emva kokufaka inkqubo yokukhusela impompo entsha, i-ESP ibonise ukuziphatha okuzinzileyo, ukunciphisa uluhlu lweemoto eziguquguqukayo zangoku ukusuka ~ 19 A ukufakela #2 ukuya ~ 6.3 A yofakelo #3.Ukungcangcazela kuzinzile ngakumbi ngoxinzelelo lwangaphambili kunye ne-75 yoxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa i-75%. kwaye ifumene i-100 psi eyongezelelweyo yoxinzelelo lwe-drop.ESP overload shutdowns iyancipha nge-100% kwaye i-ESP isebenza ngokungcangcazela okuphantsi.
Kulungile B. Kwelinye iqula kufuphi Eunice, New Mexico, elinye iqula unconventional waba ESP efakiweyo kodwa akukho ukhuselo impompo.Emva kokuwa kwesiqalo sokuqala, ESP waqala ukubonisa ukuziphatha.Fluctuations yangoku kunye noxinzelelo zinxulunyaniswa spikes vibration.Emva ukugcina le miqathango kangangeentsuku 137, ESP ayiphumelelanga kwaye ukutshintshwa kwafakwa imveliso yempompo yokhuseleko entsha ye-SP, ukufakwa kwempompo yokhuseleko lwesibini kunye ne-SP. I-ESP yayisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, i-amperage ezinzileyo kunye ne-vibration encinci.Ngexesha lokupapashwa, ukuqhuba kwesibini kwe-ESP kwakufikelele ngaphezu kweentsuku ze-300 zokusebenza, ukuphucuka okubonakalayo kufakelo lwangaphambili.
Well C.Inkqubo yofakelo lwesithathu kwisiza kwaba Mentone, Texas, yi-oyile kunye negesi ezikhethekileyo inkampani enamava ukucima kunye nokusilela ESP ngenxa yemveliso yentlabathi kwaye wayefuna ukuphucula impompo uptime.Operators ngokuqhelekileyo baqhuba abahluli bentlabathi downhole nge liner kwi ESP nganye kakuhle.Noko ke, xa iliner igcwalisa isanti, isahluli siya kuvumela isanti, iqonga, ukuqukuqela kwesanti, ukuqukuqela ilahleko yempompo, icandelo le-cording yempompo yepomp. emva kokuqhuba inkqubo entsha kunye nomkhuseli wempompo, i-ESP ine-22% ubomi obude bokusebenza kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo oluzinzile kunye nexesha elingcono le-ESP ehambelanayo.
Inani lentlabathi kunye nokuvalwa okunxulumene nezinto eziqinileyo ngexesha lokusebenza lehle nge-75%, ukusuka kwiziganeko ezi-8 zokulayisha ngaphezulu kufakelo lokuqala ukuya ezimbini kufakelo lwesibini, kunye nenani lokuqalisa ngempumelelo emva kokuvalwa komthwalo omninzi lonyuke ngama-30%, ukusuka kwi-8 kufakelo lokuqala.Iziganeko ze-12 ezipheleleyo, kwiziganeko ze-8, zenziwa kwisifakelo sesibini, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lombane kwisixhobo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bokusebenza kwe-ESP.
Umzobo we-5 ubonisa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwisignesha yoxinzelelo lokungena (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) xa i-mesh yensimbi engenasici ivaliwe kwaye indibano ye-valve ivuliwe.Olu phawu loxinzelelo lunokuphucula ngakumbi ukuveliswa kwemveliso ngokuqikelela ukusilela kwe-ESP enxulumene nesanti, ngoko ke imisebenzi yokutshintshwa kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zingacwangciswa.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Uhlalutyo lovavanyo lwe-swirl tube njengesixhobo se-downhole desander," i-SPE Paper 94673-MS, enikezelwe kwi-SPE Latin America kunye ne-Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, eRio de Janeiro, eBrazil, ngoJuni 20 - ngoFebruwari 23, 2005.https://doi.2671/0.
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