Ukuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa okufanelekileyo, amagcisa acoca i-electrochemically welds ye-longitudinal welds yamacandelo aqengqelekayo ensimbi engenasici.Umfanekiso ngoncedo lweWalter Surface Technologies
Khawufane ucinge ukuba umenzi ungena kwisivumelwano esibandakanya isitshixo sokwenziwa kwentsimbi.Ishiti lesinyithi kunye namacandelo etyhubhu ayasikwa, agotywe kwaye adityaniswe phambi kokufika kwisikhululo sokugqiba.Inxalenye iqulathe iipleyiti ezidityaniswe ngokuthe nkqo kwi-tube.I-welds ibonakala ilungile, kodwa ayiyiyo i-dime egqibeleleyo umthengi ukhangela.Ngenxa yoko, i-grinderd yesiqhelo yabonakala ichitha ixesha eliluhlaza ngaphezu kwe-grinder. umphezulu - uphawu olucacileyo lokufaka ukushisa okukhulu.Kule meko, kuthetha ukuba inxalenye ayiyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.
Ihlala isebenza ngesandla, ukugaya kunye nokugqitywa kwe-dexigy kunye ne-derrors ekugqityweni kwentsimbi, i-scrapred kunye ne-scraives enongcoliseko. I-HAP.
Ingaba abavelisi bayithintela njani yonke le nto?
Enyanisweni, wonke umntu unenjongo eyahlukileyo ngokusisiseko. Ukusila kususa izinto ezifana nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi edityanisiweyo, ngelixa ukugqiba kubonelela ngesiphelo kumphezulu wesinyithi.injongo kukususa izinto ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi xa usebenza kunye neentsimbi ezinobushushu ezifana nensimbi engenasici.
Ukugqitywa kwenziwa ngamanyathelo, njengoko umqhubi eqala ngegrit enkulu kwaye eqhubela phambili ukuya kumavili okugaya acolile, ama-abrasives angabonakaliyo, kwaye mhlawumbi aziva ngelaphu kunye ne-polish paste ukuze afezekise isibuko sokugqiba.
Ngenxa yokuba ukugaya kunye nokugqiba kuneenjongo ezahlukeneyo, bahlala bengahambelani kwaye banokudlala ngokuchasene omnye nomnye ukuba kusetyenziswe iqhinga elingafanelekanga. hayi iinkqubo ezihambelanayo.
Umphezulu womsebenzi olungiselelwe ukwenziwa ngokubanzi awufuni ukugawula kunye nokugqiba.Iinxalenye ezisemhlabeni kuphela zenza oku kuba ukucola yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokususa iiwelds okanye ezinye izinto kunye nemikrwelo enzulu eshiywe livili lokusila yile nto kanye ifunwa ngumthengi. ukuba idityaniswe kwaye ihambelane nepateni yokugqiba ye-substrate.
Iigrinders ezinamavili aphantsi okususwa zingabonisa imingeni ebalulekileyo xa zisebenza ngensimbi engenasici.Ngokufanayo, ukufudumala kunokubangela i-bluing kunye nokutshintsha izinto eziphathekayo.Injongo kukugcina insimbi engenasici ipholile ngokusemandleni kulo lonke inkqubo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kunceda ukukhetha ivili lokusila ngesantya esikhawulezayo sokususa isicelo kunye nesabelomali.Amavili eZirconia agaya ngokukhawuleza kune-alumina, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, amavili e-ceramic asebenza kakuhle.
Amasuntswana e-ceramic anzima kakhulu kwaye abukhali anxiba ngendlela ekhethekileyo.Njengoko ngokuthe ngcembe aqhekeka, awagabi tyaba, kodwa agcine ubukhali obubukhali.Oku kuthetha ukuba banokususa izinto ngokukhawuleza, ngokufuthi kwiqhezu lexesha lezinye iivili zokusila.Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwenza amavili okugaya i-ceramic axabisa imali.Zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-stainless steel distor ngokukhawuleza kwaye zivelise ubushushu obuncinci kwizicelo zentsimbi kunye ne-stainless distor.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi ivili lokusila umenzi akhethayo, ungcoliseko olunokubakho kufuneka lugcinwe engqondweni.Abenzi abaninzi bayazi ukuba abanako ukusebenzisa ivili lokusila elifanayo kwi-carbon steel kunye ne-stainless steel.Abantu abaninzi ngokwahlukileyo bahlula i-carbon kunye ne-stainless steel grinding operations. Oku kuthetha ukuba amavili okusila kwintsimbi engatyiwayo kufuneka aphantse akhululeke (ngaphantsi kwe-0.1%) yentsimbi, isulfure kunye neklorin.
Amavili okusila akanakuzisila ngokwawo;badinga isixhobo samandla.Nabani na unokuncoma iingenelo zokusila amavili okanye izixhobo zombane, kodwa inyaniso kukuba izixhobo zamandla kunye namavili azo okugaya asebenza njengenkqubo.Iivili zokugaya iiCeramic zenzelwe i-angle grinders kunye nomlinganiselo othile wamandla kunye ne-torque.Ngelixa ezinye ii-grinders zomoya zineenkcazo ezifunekayo, izixhobo ezininzi ze-ceramic zokugaya zenziwe nge-ceramic wheel grinders.
Iigrinders ezinamandla anganelanga kunye ne-torque zingabangela iingxaki ezinzulu, kunye nezona zi-abrasives eziphambili kakhulu.Ukungabikho kwamandla kunye ne-torque kunokubangela ukuba isixhobo sinciphise kakhulu phantsi koxinzelelo, ngokukodwa ukuthintela amaqhekeza e-ceramic kwivili lokugaya ukuba enze oko ayenzelwe ukwenza: ngokukhawuleza ukususa iziqwenga ezinkulu zetsimbi, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa inani lezinto ezishisayo ezingena kwivili lokugaya.
Oku kwandisa umjikelo okhohlakeleyo: Abaqhubi bokugaya babona izinto ezingasuswanga, ngoko batyhala ngamandla, nto leyo eyenza ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye ne-bluing.Bagqiba ukutyhala kakhulu kangangokuba bafake amavili, okubenza basebenze ngakumbi kwaye bavelise ubushushu obuninzi ngaphambi kokuba baqonde ukuba kufuneka batshintshe amavili.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba abaqhubi abaqeqeshwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo ezingcono kakhulu, lo mjikelo onobukrakra unokwenzeka, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kuxinzelelo abalubekayo kwi-workpiece.Eyona nto ingcono kakhulu kukufumana ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-nominal current rating ye-grinder.Ukuba umqhubi usebenzisa i-10 amp grinder, kufuneka bacinezele kakhulu ukuba i-grinder idonsa malunga ne-10 amps.
Ukusebenzisa i-ammeter kunokunceda ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi yokusila ukuba umenzi uqhuba ubuninzi bentsimbi ebiza imali eninzi. Kakade ke, imisebenzi embalwa ngokwenene isebenzisa i-ammeter rhoqo, ngoko ke ukubheja kwakho kukuphulaphula ngenyameko.Ukuba umqhubi uva kwaye uva i-RPM yehla ngokukhawuleza, banokuthi batyhale kakhulu.
Ukuphulaphula ukuthintela ukukhanya kakhulu (okt uxinzelelo oluncinci kakhulu) kunokuba nzima, ngoko ke kulo mzekelo, ukuthobela ingqalelo kwi-spark flow kunokunceda.Ukugaya insimbi engenasici kuya kuvelisa iintlantsi ezimnyama kune-carbon steel, kodwa kufuneka zihlale zibonakala kwaye ziphume kwindawo yokusebenza ngendlela ehambelanayo.
Abaqhubi nabo kufuneka bagcine i-angle yokusebenza engaguqukiyo.Ukuba basondela kwi-workpiece kwi-angle-flat angle (ephantse ihambelane ne-workpiece), banokubangela ukushisa okukhulu;ukuba basondela kwi-angle ephezulu kakhulu (phantse ngokuthe nkqo), babeka umngcipheko wokumba umgca wesondo kwintsimbi.Ukuba basebenzisa isondo lohlobo lwe-27, kufuneka basondele emsebenzini kwi-angle yama-20 ukuya kuma-30 degrees.
Uhlobo lwe-28 (i-tapered) yamavili okugaya aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukugaya kwiindawo ezisicaba ukususa izinto kwiindlela zokusila ezibanzi.La mavili adibeneyo asebenza kakuhle kwii-angles zokugaya ezisezantsi (malunga ne-5 degrees), ngoko bancedisa ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwabaqhubi.
Oku kwazisa enye into ebalulekileyo: ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwevili lokusila.Ivili lodidi lwe-27 lunendawo yokudibanisa kwindawo yentsimbi;ivili loNxibelelaniso lwama-28 linomgca woqhagamshelwano ngenxa yobume beconical;ivili loNxibelelo lwama-29 linomphezulu woqhagamshelwano.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezona zixhaphakileyo Uhlobo lwamavili angama-27 anokufumana umsebenzi owenziwe kwizicelo ezininzi, kodwa imilo yabo yenza kube nzima ukuphatha iinxalenye ezineeprofayili ezinzulu kunye neegophe, njengeendibano ezidityanisiweyo zemibhobho yentsimbi engenasici.Imilo yeprofayile yohlobo lwamavili angama-29 yenza kube lula kubaqhubi abafuna ukugaya indibaniselwano yemigangatho egobileyo kunye necaba. i-nding kwindawo nganye - isicwangciso esihle sokunciphisa ukwakhiwa kobushushu.
Enyanisweni, oku kusebenza kulo naliphi na ivili lokusila.Xa ukugaya, umqhubi kufuneka angahlali kwindawo enye ixesha elide.Masithi umqhubi ususa isinyithi kwi-fillet yeenyawo ezininzi ubude.Uyakwazi ukuqhubela ivili ngokukhawuleza phezulu kunye nokuhla, kodwa ukwenza oko kunokutshisa i-workpiece kuba ugcina ivili kwindawo encinci ixesha elide. i-workpiece ixesha lokupholisa) kwaye unqumle i-workpiece kwicala elifanayo kufuphi nolunye uzwane.Ezinye iindlela zobugcisa zisebenza, kodwa zonke zinento enye efanayo: ziphephe ukutshisa ngokugcina ivili lokugaya lihamba.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo "zekhadi" nazo zinceda ukufezekisa oku.Masithi umqhubi ugawula i-butt weld kwindawo ethe tyaba.Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokumba ngokugqithiseleyo, wayegwema ukutyhala i-grinder kunye ne-joint.Kunokuba, uqala ekupheleni kwaye udonsa i-grinder kunye ne-joint.Oku kuphinda kuthintele isondo ukumba kakhulu kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Kakade ke, nabuphi na ubuchule bunokutshisa intsimbi ngokugqithisileyo ukuba umqhubi uyacotha kakhulu. Hamba ngokucothayo kwaye umsebenzi uya kuwutshisa ngokugqithisileyo umsebenzi;hamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukugaya kunokuthatha ixesha elide.Ukufumana i-feedrate sweet spot ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna amava.Kodwa ukuba umqhubi akaqhelanga nomsebenzi, banokugaya i-scrap ukuze bafumane "imvakalelo" yesantya sokutya esifanelekileyo kwi-workpiece ekhoyo.
Isicwangciso sokugqiba sijikeleza umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo njengoko zifika kwaye zishiya isebe lokugqiba.Chonga indawo yokuqala (imeko yendawo efunyenweyo) kunye nendawo yokuphela (ukugqiba okufunekayo), uze wenze isicwangciso sokufumana indlela engcono kakhulu phakathi kwaloo manqaku mabini.
Rhoqo eyona ndlela ingcono ayiqali ngokurhabaxa kakhulu. Oku kunokuvakala ngathi kuchasene noko. Ngapha koko, kutheni ungaqalisi ngesanti erhabaxa ukuze ufumane umphezulu orhabaxa uze uye kwisanti ecolekileyo?
Akunjalo, oku kwakhona kunento yokwenza nobume bokungqubana. Njengoko inyathelo ngalinye lifikelela kwigrit encinci, isilungiseleli sithatha indawo yemikrwelo enzulu ngemikrwelo enzulu, imikrwelo ecolekileyo kakhulu.yingakho ezo zixhobo ze-40 zokugqiba i-grit zikhona.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umthengi ucela i-No. ikwazisa ubushushu obuninzi kakhulu kwindawo yokusebenza.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukusebenzisa i-grit abrasives emihle kwiindawo ezinqabileyo kunokucotha kwaye, kudibaniswa nobuchule obungalunganga, ukwazisa ubushushu obuninzi kakhulu.Apha kulapho i-disc-in-one okanye i-flap disc edibeneyo inokunceda.Ezi diski ziquka amalaphu abrasive adityaniswe nezinto zokwenza unyango lwangaphezulu.Bavumela ngokufanelekileyo umgqobi ukuba asebenzise i-abrasives ukususa izinto ngelixa eshiya ukugqitywa okugudileyo.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekugqityweni kokugqibela singabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-nonwovens, ebonisa enye into ekhethekileyo yokugqiba: inkqubo isebenza kakuhle kunye nezixhobo zamandla eziguquguqukayo.I-angle angle grinder esebenza kwi-10,000 RPM inokusebenza kunye nemidiya ethile yokusila, kodwa iya kunyibilika ezinye ii-nonwovens ngokucokisekileyo.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abagqibayo banciphisa isantya ukuya kwi-0 kunye ne-60 yokuqalisa i-RPM ngaphambi kokugqiba i-0. kunjalo, isantya esichanekileyo sixhomekeke kwisicelo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.Ngokomzekelo, iidramu ezingabonakaliyo zihlala zijikeleza phakathi kwe-3,000 kunye ne-4,000 RPM, ngelixa iidiski zonyango ezingaphezulu zihlala zijikeleza phakathi kwe-4,000 kunye ne-6,000 RPM.
Ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo (i-speed grinders eguquguqukayo, imidiya eyahlukeneyo yokugqiba) kunye nokumisela inani elifanelekileyo lamanyathelo ngokusisiseko libonelela ngemephu ebonisa indlela engcono kakhulu phakathi kwezinto ezingenayo nezigqityiweyo.
Iirola ezingaphothiweyo zigqibezela indawo yentsimbi engenasici.Ukugqiba ngokufanelekileyo kunye nobomi obusebenzisekayo obufanelekileyo, imidiya eyahlukeneyo yokugqiba isebenza kwiiRPM ezahlukeneyo.
Okokuqala, bathatha ixesha labo.Ukuba babona i-workpiece yentsimbi ecekethekileyo ishushu, bayayeka ukugqiba kwindawo enye baze baqale kwenye.Okanye basenokuba basebenza kwizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elifanayo.Basebenza kancinane kwenye kwaye emva koko, banike enye i-workpiece ixesha lokupholisa.
Xa ukugulisa ukuya ekupheleni isibuko, ipolishi inokunqumla-ipolisha ngegubu lokukhazimlisa okanye idiskhi yokugulisa, kwicala perpendicular ukuya kwinyathelo langaphambili.Intlabathi enqamlezileyo ibalaselisa iindawo ezifuna ukuxubana kwipatheni yokukrwela yangaphambili, kodwa akasayi kufumana umphezulu kwisiphelo sesipili seNombolo.
Ukufezekisa ukugqiba okufanelekileyo, abavelisi kufuneka banikeze abagqibezeli ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kubandakanywa izixhobo zangempela kunye neendaba, kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana, ezifana nokuseka iisampuli eziqhelekileyo zokugqiba ukuba yintoni ukugqiba okuthile kufuneka kubonakale.
Ngokumalunga nezixhobo zangempela (kubandakanywa nezixhobo zamandla kunye nemidiya ye-abrasive), i-geometry yamacandelo athile inokubonisa imingeni nakwabasebenzi abanamava kakhulu kwisebe lokugqiba.Kulapho izixhobo zobuchwephesha zinokunceda.
Masithi umqhubi kufuneka azalise i-stainless steel stainless-walled tubular assembly.Ukusebenzisa i-flap discs okanye ii-drums zingabangela iingxaki, zibangele ukushisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zidale indawo ethe tyaba kwi-tube ngokwayo.Apha, i-sanders yebhanti eyenzelwe i-tubing inokunceda.Ibhanti lokuhambisa ligubungela ubuninzi bobubanzi bombhobho, ukusabalalisa amanqaku okudibanisa, ukusabalalisa ukudibanisa, ukugqithiswa kwempahla, ukunyusa ubushushu, kunye nenye into efunekayo yokudibanisa, ukunyusa ukufudumala kunye nokunyusa. ukuya kwindawo eyahlukileyo ukunciphisa ukwakheka kobushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye unqande ukwenza bluing.
Oku kuyasebenza nakwezinye izixhobo zokugqibezela ubuchwephesha. Qwalasela i-sander yebhanti yomnwe eyenzelwe izithuba ezixineneyo. Umntu ogqibayo unokuyisebenzisa ukulandela i-fillet weld phakathi kweebhodi ezimbini kwi-angle ebukhali. Endaweni yokuhambisa ibhanti lomnwe ngomnwe ngokuthe nkqo (uhlobo olufana nokuxubha amazinyo), isinxibo siyihambisa ngokuthe tyaba ecaleni kozwane oluphezulu lwefillet ukuze i-weld ihlale ezantsi, emva koko yenza ukuba i-fillet ihlale ixesha elide.
Ukuwelda, ukugawula kunye nokugqiba intsimbi engenastainless kwazisa enye ingxaki: ukuqinisekisa passivation efanelekileyo.Emva kwazo zonke ezi ziphazamiso kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, ngaba kukho naziphi na izingcolisi eziseleyo ezinokuthi zithintele umaleko we-chromium yensimbi engenastainless ukwenza ngokwendalo phezu komhlaba wonke?
Ukucocwa kwe-Electrochemical kunokunceda ukususa ukungcola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugqithiswa okufanelekileyo, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe nini oku kucocwa?Kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.Ukuba abavelisi benza isinyithi esicocekileyo esingenasici ukukhuthaza ukugqithiswa okupheleleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo benza oko ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding.Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kuthetha ukuba i-medium yokugqiba inokuthi ithathe ukungcola komphezulu kwi-workpiece kwaye isasazeke kwenye indawo.Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo zokucoca zinokuthi zifake i-passivation eyongezelelweyo, ukwenzela ukuba ezinye iindlela zokucoca zifake i-stapless eyongezelelweyo, ukwenzela ukuba ezinye iindlela zokucoca zifake i-stampless-processing. ushiya umgangatho womzi-mveliso.
Masithi umvelisi uwelda icandelo elibalulekileyo lensimbi engenasici kushishino lwenyukliya.Umsebenzi wegesi we-tungsten arc welder ubeka i-dime seam ekhangeleka igqibelele.Kodwa kwakhona, esi sisicelo esibalulekileyo.Umqeshwa kwisebe lokugqiba usebenzisa ibrashi eqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokucoca i-electrochemical ukucoca umphezulu we weld.Wandula ke wanentsiba i-weld toe esebenzisa i-weld toe kunye nebrashi ephothiweyo iza yonke into nebrashi ephothiweyo kunye nebrashi ephothiweyo. inkqubo yokucoca i-electrochemical.Emva kokuhlala usuku okanye ezimbini, sebenzisa isixhobo sokuvavanya esibambe ngesandla ukuvavanya inxalenye ye-passivation efanelekileyo.Iziphumo, ezirekhodiweyo kwaye zigcinwe kunye nomsebenzi, zibonise ukuba inxalenye yayigqitywe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ihambe kwifektri.
Kuninzi lwezityalo zokuvelisa, ukucola, ukugqitywa kunye nokucocwa kwentsimbi yensimbi engenasici ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngaphantsi komlambo.Enyanisweni, zidla ngokubulawa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uthunyelwe.
Amacandelo agqitywe ngendlela engafanelekanga avelisa ezinye ze-scrap ezibiza kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kwakhona, ngoko kunengqiqo ukuba abavelisi bajonge enye icandelo labo lokusila kunye nokugqiba.Ukuphuculwa kokusila kunye nokugqiba uncedo lokunciphisa iibhotile ezinkulu, ukuphucula umgangatho, ukuphelisa intloko, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi.
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