Insimbi engenasici ayinzima ukusebenza nayo, kodwa i-welding yayo ifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiinkcukacha.Ayibutshisi ubushushu njengentsimbi epholileyo okanye ialuminiyam kwaye inokuphulukana nokumelana nomhlwa ukuba uyitshisa kakhulu.Eyona ndlela ilungileyo inceda ukugcina ukuxhathisa kwayo kumhlwa.Umfanekiso: Miller Electric
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemibhobho ebaluleke kakhulu, kubandakanywa ukutya okucocekileyo kunye nesiselo, i-pharmaceutical, isitya soxinzelelo kunye nezicelo ze-petrochemical.Nangona kunjalo, le mpahla ayibuchithi ubushushu njengentsimbi ethambileyo okanye i-aluminium, kwaye i-welding engafanelekanga inokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwayo.Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuninzi kunye nokusebenzisa isinyithi esingalunganga sokuzalisa zizinto ezimbini ezigwenxa.
Ukulandela ezinye zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuwelda intsimbi kunokunceda ukuphucula iziphumo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi sihlala singanyangeki kwi-corrosion.Ukongeza, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo ye-welding kunokunyusa imveliso ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.
Xa welding steel stainless, ukhetho lwentsimbi yokuzalisa lubalulekile ekulawuleni umxholo wekhabhoni.Iintsimbi zokuzalisa ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umbhobho wensimbi engenasici kufuneka ziphucule ukusebenza kwe-welding kwaye zilungele isicelo.
Jonga iintsimbi zokuzalisa igama elithi "L" njenge-ER308L njengoko zibonelela ngomxholo osezantsi wekhabhoni onceda ukugcina ukuxhathisa ukubola kwiialloyi zentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni.Ukuwelda isiseko sentsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni enesinyithi esiqhelekileyo sokuzalisa kwandisa umxholo wekhabhoni we-weld joint, kwandisa umngcipheko wokubola.Ziphephe iintsimbi zokugcwalisa eziphawulwe "H" njengoko zibonelela ngomxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu kwaye zenzelwe usetyenziso olufuna amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo.
Xa welding steel stainless, kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba ukhethe intsimbi yokuzalisa kunye namanqanaba aphantsi omkhondo (owaziwa nangokuthi ukungcola) kwezinto.Ezi zizinto ezishiyekileyo kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsimbi zokugcwalisa, kuquka i-antimony, i-arsenic, i-phosphorus kunye nesulfure.Zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukubola kwezinto.
Ngenxa yokuba insimbi engenasici inomdla kakhulu kwigalelo lokushisa, ukulungiswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nokudibanisa okufanelekileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukushisa ukuze kugcinwe izinto eziphathekayo.Izikhewu phakathi kwamalungu okanye ukulingana okungalinganiyo kufuna ukuba itotshi ihlale kwindawo enye ixesha elide, kwaye kufuneka intsimbi yokuzalisa ngakumbi ukuze kuzaliswe ezo zithuba.Oku kunokubangela ukuba ubushushu bukhule kwindawo echaphazelekayo, enokubangela ukuba inxalenye yokushisa.Ukungena kakuhle kunokwenza kube nzima ukuvala umsantsa kwaye ufumane ukungena okufunekayo kwe-weld.Qaphela ukudibanisa iinxalenye kwintsimbi engenasici ngokusondeleyo kangangoko.
Ukucoceka kwesi sixhobo nako kubaluleke kakhulu.Amanani amancinci kakhulu okungcola okanye ukungcola kumalungu adibeneyo angabangela iziphene ezinciphisa amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola kwemveliso yokugqibela.Ukucoca i-substrate phambi kwe-welding, sebenzisa i-brush ekhethekileyo yensimbi engenasici engazange isetyenziswe kwi-carbon steel okanye i-aluminium.
Kwinsimbi engenasici, i-sensitization sesona sizathu siphambili sokulahleka kokumelana nokubola.Oku kunokwenzeka xa ubushushu be-welding kunye nesantya sokupholisa siguquguquka kakhulu, kubangele utshintsho kwi-microstructure yezinto.
Le weld yangaphandle kumbhobho wensimbi engenasici, idityaniswe kusetyenziswa i-GMAW kunye ne-controlled deposition metal (RMD) ngaphandle kwe-root backwash, ifana nenkangeleko kunye nomgangatho kwi-welds eyenziwe nge-backwash ye-GTAW.
Inxalenye ephambili yokumelana nokubola kwensimbi engenasici yichromium oxide.Kodwa ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni we-weld uphezulu kakhulu, i-chromium carbide yenziwa.Babopha i-chromium kwaye banqande ukubunjwa kwe-chromium oxide efunwayo, enika isinyithi esingenasici ukuxhathisa ukubola.Ukuba akukho chromium oxide eyaneleyo, izinto eziphathekayo aziyi kuba neempawu ezifunwayo kunye ne-corrosion iya kwenzeka.
Uthintelo lolwazelelelo luhla ekukhethweni kwentsimbi yokuzalisa kunye nolawulo lokungenisa ubushushu.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukukhetha intsimbi yokuzalisa enomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni xa i-welding steel stainless steel.Nangona kunjalo, ikhabhoni ngamanye amaxesha iyafuneka ukunika amandla kwizicelo ezithile.Ulawulo lobushushu lubaluleke kakhulu xa iintsimbi zokuzalisa i-carbon ephantsi zingafanelekanga.
Nciphisa ixesha i-weld kunye ne-HAZ kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-950 ukuya kwi-1500 degrees Fahrenheit (500 ukuya kwi-800 degrees Celsius).Ixesha elincinci le-solder lichitha kolu luhlu, ubushushu obuncinci buvelisa.Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge kwaye ujonge ubushushu be-interpass ngexesha lenkqubo ye-soldering.
Enye inketho kukusebenzisa iintsimbi zokugcwalisa kunye namacandelo e-alloying afana ne-titanium kunye ne-niobium ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-chromium carbide.Ngenxa yokuba la macandelo achaphazela amandla kunye nokuqina, ezi zinyithi zokugcwalisa azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke izicelo.
Ingcambu weld tungsten arc welding (GTAW) yindlela yokuwelda yemveli yombhobho wentsimbi engenasici.Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna i-argon backflush ukukhusela i-oxidation kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-weld.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-wire welding kwimibhobho yensimbi engenasici kuya kuxhaphaka.Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela iigesi ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ezichaphazela ngayo ukuxhathisa ukubola kwezinto.
Xa welding steel stainless usebenzisa i-gas arc welding (GMAW) ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-argon kunye ne-carbon dioxide, umxube we-argon kunye ne-oksijini okanye umxube wegesi emithathu (i-helium, i-argon kunye ne-carbon dioxide).Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mixube iqulethe i-argon okanye i-helium kwaye ingaphantsi kwe-5% ye-carbon dioxide kuba i-carbon dioxide ihambisa i-carbon kwi-weld pool kwaye yandisa umngcipheko wokuvuselela.I-argon ecocekileyo ayikhuthazwa kwi-GMAW kwinsimbi engenasici.
I-Cored wire yensimbi engenasici yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye nomxube wendabuko we-75% ye-argon kunye ne-25% ye-carbon dioxide.I-flux iqulethe izithako ezenzelwe ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kwe-weld ngekhabhoni kwi-gas ekhuselayo.
Njengoko iinkqubo ze-GMAW zavela, zenze ukuba kube lula ukuwelda imibhobho yentsimbi engenasici.Ngelixa ezinye izicelo zisenokufuna inkqubo ye-GTAW, iinkqubo zokusetyenzwa kweengcingo eziphambili zinokubonelela ngomgangatho ofanayo kunye nemveliso ephezulu kwizicelo ezininzi zentsimbi engenasici.
I-ID ye-welds yensimbi engenasici eyenziwe nge-GMAW RMD iyafana kumgangatho kunye nokubonakala kwe-OD ehambelanayo.
Ingcambu yokupasa usebenzisa inkqubo ye-GMAW yesiphaluka esifutshane eguqulwayo njenge-Miller's controlled metal deposition (RMD) isusa i-backwash kwezinye izicelo ze-austenitic stainless steel stainless.Ukugqithiswa kweengcambu ze-RMD kunokulandelwa yi-pulsed GMAW okanye i-flux-cored arc welding ukuze ugcwalise kwaye uvale ukudlula, utshintsho olugcina ixesha kunye nemali xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa i-GTAW e-backflushed, ngokukodwa kwimibhobho emikhulu yobubanzi.
I-RMD isebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwentsimbi emfutshane elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuvelisa i-arc ezolileyo, ezinzileyo kunye nedama le-weld.Oku kukhokelela kumathuba amancinci okubanda okanye ukunganyibiliki, isitshizi esincinci, kunye nomgangatho ongcono wokudlula ingcambu yombhobho.Ukudluliselwa kwentsimbi elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kukwaqinisekisa ukubekwa okufanayo kwethontsi kunye nolawulo olulula lwechibi le-weld kwaye ngaloo ndlela igalelo lobushushu kunye nesantya se-welding.
Iinkqubo ezingezizo ezemveli zinokuphucula imveliso ye-welding.Xa usebenzisa i-RMD, isantya se-welding sinokuvela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-12 kwi-min.Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo iphucula imveliso ngaphandle kokufudumeza okongeziweyo kwamacandelo, inceda ukugcina iipropati kunye nokumelana nokubola kwensimbi engenasici.Ukunciphisa igalelo lokushisa kwenkqubo kwakhona kunceda ukulawula i-substrate deformation.
Le nkqubo ye-pulsed GMAW ibonelela ngobude obufutshane be-arc, i-arc cone encinci, kunye negalelo elincinci lobushushu kunokutshiza okuqhelekileyo kwe-pulsed.Ekubeni inkqubo ivaliwe, i-arc drift kunye nokuguquguquka kumgama phakathi kwencam kunye ne-workpiece iphelile.Oku kwenza lula ulawulo lwe-weld pool kunye nangaphandle kwe-welding kwisiza.Ekugqibeleni, ukudibanisa kwe-pulsed GMAW yokuzaliswa kunye ne-top roll kunye ne-RMD ye-root roll ivumela inkqubo ye-welding ukuba yenziwe ngokusebenzisa ucingo olulodwa kunye negesi enye, ukunciphisa inkqubo yokutshintsha ixesha.
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