Umsebenzi wokugoba mandrel iqala umjikelo wayo.I mandrel ifakwe kwi-diameter yangaphakathi ityhubhu.I ukugoba die (ekhohlo) imisela radius.The clamping die (ekunene) ukhokela ityhubhu emhlabeni ukugoba die ukumisela engile.
Kuwo onke amashishini, imfuno yokugoba ityhubhu entsonkothileyo iyaqhubeka ingathintelwa. Nokuba ngamacandelo esakhiwo, izixhobo zonyango ezihambayo, iifreyimu zee-ATVs okanye izithuthi eziluncedo, okanye imivalo yokhuseleko lwentsimbi kumagumbi okuhlambela, iprojekthi nganye yahlukile.
Ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo kufuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwaye ngokukodwa ubuchule obufanelekileyo.Njengazo naziphi na ezinye iindlela zokuvelisa, ukugoba ityhubhu esebenzayo kuqala ngokubaluleka okungundoqo, iingcamango ezisisiseko ezisisiseko sayo nayiphi na iprojekthi.
Ubunzima obuthile obungundoqo bunceda ukugqiba umda wombhobho okanye iprojekthi yokugoba umbhobho.Izinto ezifana nohlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ukusetyenziswa kokuphela, kunye nokusetyenziswa konyaka okuqikelelwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yokuvelisa, iindleko ezibandakanyekayo, kunye namaxesha okukhokela ukuhanjiswa.
Ingundoqo yokuqala ebalulekileyo yinqanaba le-curvature (DOB), okanye i-angle eyenziwe yi-bend.Okulandelayo yi-Centreline Radius (CLR), eyandisa kunye ne-centralline yombhobho okanye ityhubhu ukuba igobe.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-CLR efikeleleke kakhulu iphindwe kabini ububanzi bombhobho okanye ityhubhu. I-80-degree i-bend yokubuya.
I-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) ilinganiswa kwindawo ebanzi kakhulu yokuvula ngaphakathi kombhobho okanye ityhubhu. I-diameter yangaphandle (OD) ilinganiswa phezu kwendawo ebanzi kakhulu yombhobho okanye ityhubhu, kubandakanywa nodonga.
Ukunyamezela umgangatho woshishino kwi-angle ye-bend yi-± 1 idigri.Inkampani nganye inomgangatho wangaphakathi onokuthi usekelwe kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye namava kunye nolwazi lomsebenzisi womatshini.
Iityhubhu zilinganiswa kwaye zicatshulwe ngokobubanzi bazo bangaphandle kunye negeyiji (okt ubukhulu bodonga) .Iigeyiji eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, kunye ne-20. Isezantsi igeyiji, udonga olungqingqwa: 10-ga.Ityhubhu ine-0.134 inch 2.5-intshi 3.5-intshi ye-2.5-i-intshi ye-3.5-intshi . kunye ne-0.035″ OD ityhubhu. Udonga lubizwa ngokuba yi-“1½-in” kwindawo ethi print.20-ga.tube.
Umbhobho ucaciswe ngobungakanani bombhobho oqhelekileyo (NPS), inani elingenamlinganiselo elichaza ububanzi (kwii-intshi), kunye netafile yobukhulu bodonga (okanye iSch.) .
I-1.66″ pipe.OD kunye ne-0.140 i-intshi.NPS iphawule udonga kwinxalenye yomzobo, ilandelwa yishedyuli - kulo mzekelo, "1¼".Shi.40 iityhubhu."Itshathi yeplani yombhobho ikhankanya idiamitha yangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga lweNPS enxulumeneyo kunye nesicwangciso.
I-factor yodonga, eyi-ratio phakathi kwe-diameter yangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga, yenye into ebalulekileyo kwii-elbows.Ukusebenzisa izinto ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo (ezilingana okanye ngaphantsi kwe-18 ga.) kunokufuna inkxaso engaphezulu kwi-arc yokugoba ukuthintela ukushwabana okanye ukuphosa.Kule meko, ukugoba komgangatho kuya kufuna i-mandrels kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Enye into ebalulekileyo yi-bend D, ububanzi betyhubhu ngokumalunga ne-bend radius, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-radius yokugoba amaxesha amaninzi amakhulu kunexabiso le-D.Ngokomzekelo, i-2D ye-bend radius yi-3-in.-OD umbhobho we-intshi ezi-6. Ukuphakama kwe-D ye-bend, kulula ukwenza i-bend.Kwaye ezantsi i-radius ye-bend inceda ukugqiba i-coefficient yodonga phakathi kwe-coefficient ye-D. efunekayo ukuqalisa iprojekthi yokugoba kombhobho.
Umzobo 1. Ukubala ipesenti ye-ovality, yahlula umahluko phakathi kobuninzi kunye nobuncinci be-OD nge-OD yegama.
Ezinye iinkcazo zeprojekthi zibiza i-tubing encinci okanye i-piping yokulawula iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo.Nangona kunjalo, iindonga ezincinci zingadinga ixesha elide lokuvelisa ukugcina imilo kunye nokuhambelana kombhobho kwii-bends kunye nokuphelisa ithuba lokushwabana.
Xa i-tube igoba, inokulahlekelwa yi-100% yesimo sayo esijikelezileyo kufuphi kunye ne-bend.Oku kuphambuka kubizwa ngokuba yi-ovality kwaye ichazwa njengokwahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo emikhulu kunye neyona mincinci yobubanzi obungaphandle betyhubhu.
Ngokomzekelo, i-2 "i-tube ye-OD inokulinganisa ukuya kwi-1.975" emva kokugoba. Lo mahluko we-intshi ye-0.025 yi-ovality factor, ekufuneka ibe ngaphakathi kokunyamezela okwamkelekileyo (jonga umfanekiso 1) .Ngokuxhomekeka ekupheleni kokusetyenziswa kwenxalenye, ukunyamezela kwe-ovality kunokuba phakathi kwe-1.5% kunye ne-8%.
Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-ovality yi-elbow D kunye nobukhulu bodonga. Ukugoba i-radii encinci kwizinto ezinodonga oluncinci kunokuba nzima ukugcina i-ovality ngaphakathi kokunyamezela, kodwa kunokwenziwa.
I-Ovality ilawulwa ngokubeka i-mandrel ngaphakathi kwityhubhu okanye umbhobho ngexesha lokugoba, okanye kwezinye iindawo, usebenzisa (i-DOM) i-tubing ethathwe kwi-mandrel ukususela ekuqaleni.
Imisebenzi yokugoba i-tube isebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ezibunjiweyo zidibana neenkcukacha kunye nokunyamezela (jonga umfanekiso 2) .Naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko lunokudluliselwa kumatshini we-CNC njengoko kufuneka.
I-roll.I-Ideal ukuvelisa i-radius bends enkulu, ukugoba kwe-roll kubandakanya ukondla umbhobho okanye i-tubing ngokusebenzisa ii-roller ezintathu kwi-configuration ye-triangular (jonga umfanekiso we-3) .Ii-roller ezimbini zangaphandle, ngokuqhelekileyo zilungisiwe, zixhasa phantsi kwezinto eziphathekayo, ngelixa i-roller yangaphakathi eguquguqukayo icinezela phezulu kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Ukugoba ukugoba.Kule ndlela ilula ngokufanelekileyo, ukugoba ukugoba kuhlala kumile ngelixa i-counter-die igoba okanye ixinzelele izinto ezijikeleze ukulungiswa.Le ndlela ayisebenzisi i-mandrel kwaye ifuna umdlalo ochanekileyo phakathi kokugoba ukugoba kunye neradiyo yokugoba efunekayo (jonga uMfanekiso 4).
I-twist kunye ne-bend.Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokugoba ityhubhu kukuguqa okujikelezayo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-mandrel bending), esebenzisa ukugoba kunye noxinzelelo lokufa kunye ne-mandrels.I-mandrels ifakela intonga yentsimbi okanye i-cores exhasa umbhobho okanye i-tube xa igobile.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mandrel kuthintela ityhubhu ukuba ingawi, i-flatning kunye nokukhusela i-tube yokugoba ngexesha lokugoba, ukugoba kunye nokukhusela i-5. ).
Olu qeqesho lubandakanya ukugoba kweeradiyasi ezininzi kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ukugoba okuphakathi.I-Multi-radius ukugoba nayo ilungile kumalungu anerediya enkulu ye-centerline (isixhobo esinzima asinakukhetha) okanye iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ekufuneka zenziwe kumjikelo omnye opheleleyo.
Umzobo 2. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zibonelela ngoxilongo lwexesha langempela ukunceda abaqhubi baqinisekise iinkcukacha zenxalenye okanye bajongane naluphi na ulungiso oluyimfuneko ngexesha lemveliso.
Ukwenza olu hlobo lokugoba, i-rotary draw bender inikezelwa ngeeseti ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zesixhobo, enye kwi-radius nganye efunwayo.Ukuseta ngokwezifiso kwi-brake yentloko yentloko ebini - enye yokugoba ukuya ngasekunene kunye neyokugoba ukuya ngakwesobunxele - inokubonelela zombini i-radii encinci kunye nenkulu kwinqanaba elifanayo.Inguqu phakathi kwekhohlo kunye ne-elbow ekunene inokuphinda iphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-complex ye-voltage okanye i-fixing ityhubhu okanye i-fixing ityhubhu efunwayo, ivumela ukubunjwa ngokupheleleyo kumatshini we-voltage. re 6).
Ukuze uqalise, uchwepheshe ubeka umatshini ngokwethubhu yejometri edweliswe kwiphepha ledatha ye-bend okanye ushicilelo lokuvelisa, ukungena okanye ukulayisha ulungelelwaniso olusuka kushicilelo kunye nobude, ukujikeleza kunye nedatha ye-angle.Okulandelayo kuza ukulinganisa ukugoba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ityhubhu iya kukwazi ukucima umatshini kunye nezixhobo ngexesha lokujikeleza.
Ngelixa le ndlela ifunwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezenziwe ngetsimbi okanye insimbi engenasici, uninzi lwezinyithi zamashishini, ubukhulu bodonga kunye nobude bunokwamkelwa.
Ukugoba okukhululekileyo.Indlela enomdla ngakumbi, ukugoba okukhululekileyo kusebenzisa i-die enobungakanani obufana nombhobho okanye ityhubhu egobileyo (jonga umfanekiso 7) .Le ndlela yobugcisa ilungile kwi-angular okanye i-radius multi-radius bend enkulu kune-degrees ze-180 kunye namacandelo ambalwa aqondileyo phakathi kwegobe ngalinye (i-traditional rotational stretch bend ifuna amacandelo athile ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo ukubamba) .
I-thin-walled tubing-ehlala isetyenziswa kumatshini wokutya kunye nesiselo, amacandelo efenitshala, kunye nezixhobo zonyango okanye ukhathalelo lwempilo-ilungele ukugoba simahla. Ngokuchaseneyo, iindawo ezinodonga olungqingqwa zisenokungabi ngabaviwa abasebenzayo.
Izixhobo ezifunekayo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokugoba umbhobho.Kwi-Rotary stretch bend, izixhobo ezithathu ezibaluleke kakhulu ziguqa zifa, uxinzelelo luyafa kunye ne-clamping dies.Ngokuxhomekeka kwi-radius ye-bend kunye nobukhulu bodonga, i-mandrel kunye ne-wiper die inokufuneka ukuba ifezekise ukugoba okwamkelekileyo.
Intliziyo yenkqubo igoba i-die ukuze yenze i-centerline radius ye-part.I-die's concave channel die ihambelana ne-diameter yangaphandle yetyhubhu kwaye inceda ukubamba izinto njengoko igoba.Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo lwe-die lubamba kwaye luzinzise ityhubhu njengoko inxeba malunga nokugoba ukufa. fa, sebenzisa ugqirha ufe xa kuyimfuneko ukugudisa ubuso bezinto eziphathekayo, ukuxhasa iindonga zetyhubhu, kunye nokuthintela ukushwabana kunye nokubopha.
I-mandrels, ialloy yobhedu okanye i-chromed efakwe kwintsimbi yokuxhasa imibhobho okanye iityhubhu, ukuthintela ukuwa kwetyhubhu okanye i-kink, kunye nokunciphisa ukujikeleza.kunye bandisa uxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuze babambe, bazinzise kwaye bagudise i-bend.Iplagi mandrel yintonga eqinileyo yeengqiniba zeradius enkulu kwimibhobho eshinyeneyo enodonga engafunekiyo wipers.I-mandrels eyenzela iintonga eziqinileyo ezineziphelo ezigobileyo (okanye ezenziwe) ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ingaphakathi leetyhubhu ezinodonga ezityebileyo okanye iityhubhu ezigobileyo kwi-avareji yeradius okanye iityhubhu ezidityanisiweyo zifuna iiprojekthi ezikhethekileyo.
Ukugoba ngokuchanekileyo kufuna isixhobo esifanelekileyo kunye nokusetha.Iinkampani ezininzi zokugoba zemibhobho zinezixhobo kwisitokhwe.Ukuba azifumaneki, izixhobo kufuneka zifunyanwe ukulungiselela iradiyasi ethile yokugoba.
Umrhumo wokuqala wokudala ukugoba ukugoba unokwahluka ngokubanzi.Lo mrhumo wexesha elilodwa ugubungela izinto kunye nexesha lokuvelisa elifunekayo ukwenza izixhobo ezifunekayo, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezilandelayo.Ukuba inxalenye yoyilo iguquguqukayo ngokwemigaqo ye-bend radius, abaphuhlisi bemveliso banokuhlengahlengisa iinkcukacha zabo ukuze bathathe inzuzo yesixhobo sokugoba esikhoyo somthengisi (kunokuba kusetyenziswe ixesha elincinane lokulawula iindleko kunye ne-lead).
Umzobo 3. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuveliswa kwee-radius bend ezinkulu, ukugoba kwe-roll ukwenza ityhubhu okanye ityhubhu enee-roller ezintathu kwi-triangular configuration.
Imingxuma echaziweyo, iindawo zokubeka, okanye ezinye iimpawu kwi-bend okanye kufuphi ne-bend yongeza umsebenzi oncedisayo kumsebenzi, ekubeni ukusika kwe-laser kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokuba ityhubhu igobile.Ukunyamezela kuchaphazela neendleko.Imisebenzi enzima kakhulu inokufuna i-mandrels eyongezelelweyo okanye ifa, enokunyusa ixesha lokumisela.
Kukho izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo abavelisi ekufuneka baziqwalasele xa bekhangela iingqiniba zesiko okanye i-bends.Izinto ezifana nezixhobo, izixhobo, ubuninzi, kunye nabasebenzi bonke badlala indima.
Nangona ubuchule bokugoba umbhobho kunye neendlela ziye zahamba phambili kwiminyaka, iziseko ezininzi zokugoba imibhobho zihlala zifana.Ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko kunye nokubonisana nomthengisi onolwazi kuya kukunceda ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.
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