Imigca ye-hydraulic yemveli isebenzisa isiphelo esisodwa esivuthayo kwaye idla ngokuveliswa kwi-SAE-J525 okanye i-ASTM-A513-T5, izinto ekunzima ukuzifumana ekhaya.Ii-OEMs ezifuna ababoneleli basekhaya banokuthatha indawo ye-tubing eyenziwe kwi-SAE-J356A inkcazo kwaye itywinwe nge-O-ring face seals, njengoko kubonisiwe yi-Tru-Made.
Inqaku loMhleli: Eli nqaku lilokuqala kuluhlu lwamacandelo amabini kwiimarike kunye nokuveliswa kwemigca yokudluliselwa kwamanzi kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Inxalenye yokuqala ixoxa ngemeko yeziseko zonikezelo lwemveliso yasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle.Inxalenye yesibini ixubusha iinkcukacha zeemveliso ezingaphantsi kwesiqhelo ezijolise kule marike.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ubangele utshintsho olungalindelekanga kumashishini amaninzi, kubandakanya netsheyina lokubonelela ngemibhobho yentsimbi kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemibhobho. Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imakethi yetyhubhu ifumene utshintsho oluphazamisayo kwimisebenzi yomzi-mveliso kunye neyolungiselelo.
Abasebenzi ngoku babaluleke kakhulu kunanini na ngaphambili. Lo bhubhani yingxaki yabantu, kwaye ukubaluleka kwempilo kuye kwatshintsha ibhalansi yobomi bomsebenzi kuninzi, ukuba ayingabo bonke. ngelixa abasebenzi bemveliso babekwi-furlough okanye banciphisa kakhulu iiyure zokusebenza.Abavelisi ngoku banenkathazo yokugaya nokugcina abasebenzi, kubandakanywa nabaqhubi bemill mill abanamava.Ukwenziwa kweTube ubukhulu becala ngumsebenzi wezandla phezu kwe-blue-collar efuna umzamo onzima kwindawo elawulwa yimozulu.Nxiba izixhobo zokukhusela ezongezelelweyo zomntu (oko kukuthi iimaski) ukunciphisa usulelo kwaye ulandele imithetho eyongezelelweyo, njengokunyusa umgama omde we-6 ukongeza uxinzelelo lwe-6 emsebenzini.
Unikezelo lwentsimbi kunye neendleko zentsimbi ekrwada nazo zitshintshile ngexesha lo bhubhane.Kuninzi lwetyhubhu, intsimbi yeyona nxalenye inkulu yeendleko.Njengomthetho, iakhawunti yentsimbi ithatha i-50% yeendleko ngenyawo lombhobho.Kude kube yikota yesine ka-2020, amaxabiso entsimbi aqengqelekayo e-US aphakathi kweedola ezingama-800/t iminyaka emithathu.
Xa kujongwa ukuba ezi zinto zimbini zitshintshe njani ngexesha lobhubhani, ziphendula njani iinkampani ezikwimarike yetyhubhu? Ingaba olu tshintsho lunefuthe lini kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngeetyhubhu, kwaye sesiphi isikhokelo esiluncedo esikhoyo sokuba ishishini liphume kule ngxaki?
Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, umlawuli ophezulu wombhobho washwankathela indima yenkampani yakhe kwishishini: “Senza izinto ezimbini kuphela apha – senza imibhobho, kwaye siyayithengisa.”, iziphazamiso ezininzi, izinto ezininzi ezenza buthathaka ixabiso eliphambili lenkampani, okanye ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku (okanye zonke ezi zinto, ezihlala zinjalo) zinexabiso kubaphathi abalawulayo abonwabileyo.
Kubalulekile ukufezekisa nokugcina ulawulo ngokugxininisa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo: izinto ezichaphazela ukuvelisa kunye nokuthengisa iityhubhu ezisemgangathweni.Ukuba iinzame zenkampani azigxininisi kule misebenzi mibini, lixesha lokubuyela kwizinto ezisisiseko.
Njengoko ubhubhane usasazeka, imfuno yemibhobho kweminye imizi yehle yaya kutsho kuthi xhaxhe.
Ngethamsanqa, abantu bayayenza into yabo.Abanye abantu bathenga izikhenkcezisi ezongezelelweyo ukugcina ukutya.Imarike yezindlu iqala emva kwexesha kwaye abantu bathanda ukuthenga ezinye okanye izixhobo ezininzi ezitsha xa bethenga ikhaya, ngoko ke zombini ezi ndlela zixhasa imfuno yetyhubhu edayamitha encinci. .
Umzobo 1. I-SAE-J525 kunye ne-ASTM-A519 zisekwe njengokutshintshwa ngokubanzi kwe-SAE-J524 kunye ne-ASTM-A513T5. Umahluko omkhulu kukuba i-SAE-J525 kunye ne-ASTM-A513T5 zi-welded, azikho i-seamless.Ubunzima be-Sourcing obufana namaxesha okukhokela kweenyanga ezintandathu baye badala amathuba kwi-tube5 ye-SAJ5 ethe tye kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-tube3 ze-SAEJ3live-J3E ezinye ii-tube3 ezithe tye) I-6A (inikezelwe kwikhoyili), edibana ezininzi ezifanayo Funa.
Imarike itshintshile, kodwa izikhokelo ziyafana.Akukho nto ibaluleke ngaphezu kokugxila ekwenzeni kunye nokuthengisa imibhobho ngokweemfuno zemarike.
Umbuzo othi "ukwenza okanye uthenge" uvela xa imisebenzi yokuvelisa ijongene neendleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kunye nokulungiswa okanye ukuhla kwemithombo yangaphakathi.
Ukuvelisa iimveliso ze-tubula ze-post-welded zifuna izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo.Kuxhomekeke kwimveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwesityalo, ngamanye amaxesha inzuzo yezoqoqosho ukusika imichilo ebanzi ngaphakathi kwindlu.Nangona kunjalo, ukutyunjwa kwangaphakathi kunokuba ngumthwalo, kunikwe iimfuno zomsebenzi, iimfuno zenkunzi yezixhobo kunye neendleko ze-inventri ye-broadband.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusika iitoni ze-2,000 ngenyanga kubangela iitoni ze-5,000 zentsimbi kwisitokhwe, zithatha imali eninzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali encinci kakhulu iyafuneka ukuthenga intsimbi ebanzi ngokukhawuleza. uchatshazelwe ngubhubhani we-COVID-19 ngokunxulumene nokufumaneka kwezakhono zabasebenzi, iindleko zentsimbi, kunye nokuhamba kwemali.
Okufanayo kuya kwimveliso yetyhubhu ngokwayo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.Iinkampani ezinamatyathanga amaninzi anexabiso elongeziweyo zinokuphuma kwishishini lokuvelisa umbhobho.Endaweni yokwenza umbhobho uze uyigobe, uyigqume kwaye wenze ii-sub-assemblies kunye neendibano, uthenge umbhobho kwaye ugxininise kwezinye izinto.
Iinkampani ezininzi ezivelisa izinto ezisebenza ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic okanye iityhubhu yokuphatha ulwelo lwemoto zinezazo zokusila.Ezinye zezi fektri zingamatyala ngoku kunempahla yexabiso. ngokuphawulekayo kwikamva elikufutshane.Ngokuqaphelekayo, ngakumbi nangakumbi ii-EVs kule marike zineenxalenye ezimbalwa zentsimbi yentsimbi yokuqeqesha amandla.
Iithubhu zokusila zivame ukwakhiwa ukusuka kwi-designs yesiko.Le yinzuzo yokusetyenziswa kwayo ekujoliswe kuyo - ukwenza imibhobho yesicelo esithile - kodwa i-gadvantage ngokwemiqathango yoqoqosho lwesikali.Ngokomzekelo, cinga i-tube mill eyenzelwe ukwenza i-10mm yemveliso ye-OD yeprojekthi yemoto eyaziwayo.Le nkqubo iqinisekisa izicwangciso ezisekelwe kubuninzi.Kamva, inkqubo encinci kakhulu kunye nenkqubo encinci yongezwa enye iplani ye-expime yaphuma enye iplani yenkampani. ube nomthamo owaneleyo wokuthethelela isicwangciso sesibini.Ukuseta kunye nezinye iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba zilungele.Kule meko, ukuba inkampani inokufumana umboneleli onobuchule, kufuneka izame ukukhupha iprojekthi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukubala akuyeki kwi-cutoff.Amanyathelo okugqiba afana nokwaleka, ukusika ukuya kubude kunye nokupakishwa kongeza iindleko ezinkulu.Njengoko intetho ihamba, iindleko ezinkulu ezifihliweyo zokwenziwa kombhobho kukuphatha.Ityhubhu isuswa kwi-mill ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla, apho isuswe kwaye ilayishwe kwi-workbench ukusika ubude bokugqibela, emva koko iityhubhu zifuna i-tubes yokusika enye i-tubes ifuna i-layer ye-tube enye ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke ii-tubes zifakwe kwi-layer enye.Ezi ndleko zabasebenzi zinokuthi zingabonakali ngumgcini-mali, kodwa ziza ngendlela yomqhubi we-forklift eyongezelelweyo okanye umntu owongezelelweyo kwisebe lezothutho.
Umzobo 2. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-SAE-J525 kunye ne-SAE-J356A ziphantse zifana, zinceda ukugqibela ukuba kuthathe indawo yangaphambili.
Iityhubhu zeHydraulic zikho kangangamawaka eminyaka.AmaJiphutha abethelela ngocingo lobhedu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-4,000 eyadlulayo.Imibhobho yoqalo yayisetyenziswa eTshayina ngexesha leXia Dynasty, malunga ne2000 BC, kwaye kamva iinkqubo zemibhobho yamanzi yaseRoma zakhiwa ngemibhobho yelothe, imveliso yenkqubo yokunyibilikisa isilivere.
ingenamthungo.Imibhobho yentsimbi yanamhlanje engenamthungo yenze isiqalo sazo saseMntla Melika ngo-1890.Ukusukela ngo-1890 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, imathiriyeli ekrwada yale nkqubo yinto eyomeleleyo ejikelezileyo billet.Innovations ekuqhutshweni okuqhubekayo kwiminyaka yoo-1950 yakhokelela ekuguqulweni kweetyhubhu ezingenamthungo ukusuka kwiingots ukuya kwinto eyayiyi-low-cost-low-cost, i-draw-drawing steel, i-seam hydraulic, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw, i-draw. imingxuma engaphantsi eveliswe yile nkqubo.Kwimarike yaseMntla Melika, ihlelwa njenge-SAE-J524 nguMbutho weeNjineli zeZithuthi kunye ne-ASTM-A519 yi-American Society for Testing and Materials.
Ukuvelisa iityhubhu ye-hydraulic engenamthungo ithande ukuba yinkqubo yokusebenza ngamandla, ngakumbi kwiidayamitha ezincinci.Kufuna amandla amaninzi kwaye kufuna indawo enkulu.
I-welding.Ngeminyaka yee-1970, imarike yatshintsha.Emva kokulawula imarike yombhobho wentsimbi phantse iminyaka eyi-100, i-slippage engenamthungo yatshitshiswa ngombhobho odityanisiweyo, owafunyaniswa ulungele ukusetyenziswa koomatshini abaninzi kulwakhiwo kunye neemarike zeemoto.Kwaye kwathatha indawo ethile kwindawo eyayifudula iyimibhobho engcwele yomhlaba - icandelo le-oyile kunye ne-gas.
Izinto ezintsha ezimbini zibe negalelo kolu tshintsho kwimarike.Enye yazo ibandakanya ukuphoswa kwe-slab eqhubekayo, eyenza ukuba iintsimbi zensimbi zikwazi ukuvelisa ubukhulu obuphezulu be-flat strip.Enye inkqubo eyenza i-high-frequency resistant welding ibe yinkqubo esebenzayo yoshishino lombhobho.Isiphumo yimveliso entsha: ukusebenza kakuhle njengombhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezingenamthungo ezifaniswayo, kunye ne-ASJ TM iklasi ye-2 ephantsi-imveliso ephantsi kwexabiso, kwaye i-ASJ TM iklasi ye-2 iphantsi kokuveliswa kwemveliso, kwaye namhlanje i-ASJ TM i-classified iphantsi kwe-2. I-A513-T5 kwimarike yaseMntla yaseMelika.Ngenxa yokuba ityhubhu iyatsalwa kwaye ifakwe kwi-annealed, iyimveliso enzima kakhulu.Ezi nkqubo azikho njengabasebenzi kunye ne-capital-intensive njengeenkqubo ezingenamthungo, kodwa iindleko ezinxulumene nazo zisaphezulu.
Ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1990 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lwemibhobho yomgca wehydraulic esetyenzisiweyo kwimarike yasekhaya, nokuba itsalwe ngokungenamthungo (SAE-J524) okanye itsalwe (i-SAE-J525) okanye itsalwe (i-SAE-J525), iyangeniswa. Ixabiso elincomekayo leemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle ngumqobo owoyikekayo.
imarike yangoku.Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso engenamthungo, ezotyiweyo kunye ne-annealed i-J524 iye yancipha kwiminyaka.Isekho kwaye inendawo kwimarike yomgca we-hydraulic, kodwa ii-OEMs zihlala zikhetha i-J525 ukuba imveliso edibeneyo, edibeneyo kunye ne-annealed i-J525 ifumaneka ngokulula.
Ubhubhani uhlasela kwaye imarike iyatshintsha kwakhona.Unikezelo lwehlabathi lwabasebenzi, intsimbi kunye nolungiselelo luyancipha malunga nesantya esifanayo njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla kwimfuno yemoto.Kuyafana nokubonelelwa kwe-J525 ye-hydraulic tubing evela kumazwe angaphandle.Ngenxa yezi ziganeko, imarike yasekhaya ibonakala igxininisekile enye inguqu yemarike.Ukulungele ukuvelisa enye imveliso ephantsi, nangona i-tube esebenzayo ekhoyo, enye ekhona? ayisetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo.Yi-SAE-J356A, ehlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezininzi ze-hydraulic (jonga uMzobo 1).
Iinkcukacha ezipapashwe yi-SAE zivame ukuba mfutshane kwaye zilula, njengoko inkcazo nganye ichaza inkqubo enye kuphela yokwenza umbhobho.I-downside kukuba i-J525 kunye ne-J356A inokugqithisa okukhulu kwimilinganiselo, izakhiwo zemishini, njl. imigca enkulu yobubanzi behydraulic.
Umzobo 3. Nangona iityhubhu ezidibeneyo kunye nebandayo zithathwa ngabaninzi ukuba ziphezulu kuneetyhubhu ezidibeneyo kunye nezibandayo, iimpawu zomatshini zeemveliso ezimbini zetyhubhu zithelekiseka.Qaphela: Ixabiso lobukhosi kwi-PSI luguqulelo oluthambileyo lwenkcazo, lixabiso le-metric kwi-MPa.
Ezinye iinjineli zikholelwa ukuba i-J525 igqwesa kwizicelo ze-hydraulic zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa izixhobo ezinzima.I-J356A iyaziwa kakhulu, kodwa nayo i-high pressure fluid ephethe i-specification.Ngamanye amaxesha iimfuno zokugqibela zokubumba ziyahluka: i-J525 ayinayo i-ID bead, ngelixa i-J356A ilawulwa yi-flash kwaye ine-ID encinci ye-ID.
Izinto eziluhlaza zineempawu ezifanayo (jonga umzobo 2) .Iyantlukwano encinci ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali ihambelana neempawu ezifunwayo zemishini.Ukuze ufezekise iimpawu ezithile zomatshini, njengokuphula amandla kwi-tension okanye amandla okugqibela (i-UTS), ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali okanye unyango olushushu lwentsimbi lulinganiselwe ukuvelisa iziphumo ezithile.
Iindidi ze-tubing zabelana ngesethi eqhelekileyo yeeparamitha zentsebenzo yomatshini, okwenza ukuba zitshintshwe kwizicelo ezininzi (jonga uMfanekiso 3) .Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba enye ayifumaneki, enye inokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno.Akukho mntu ufuna ukubuyisela ivili;ishishini sele lineseti yamavili aqinileyo, alungeleleneyo akhoyo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba liphephancwadi lokuqala elizinikele ekukhonzeni ishishini lombhobho wesinyithi kwi-1990.Namhlanje, lihlala lilo kuphela upapasho kuMntla Melika ozinikele kushishino kwaye uye waba ngowona mthombo othembekileyo wolwazi kwiingcali zemibhobho.
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