Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-software ye-3D Spark, iqela lihlalutye izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela iindleko zokuvelisa.Ezinye zazo zithe ngqo kumacandelo, ngelixa ezinye zithe ngqo kwiinkqubo.Umzekelo, qhelanisa iindawo zokunciphisa izixhaso kunye nokwandisa umgangatho owakhekayo.
Ngokulinganisa amandla kwihenjisi, ezi zixhobo zinokususa izinto ezinomphumo omncinci.Oku kubangela ukulahleka kwesisindo se-35%.Izinto ezincinci zikwathetha amaxesha akhawulezayo okushicilela, ukunciphisa iindleko.
Ukunyaniseka, oko bakwenzayo akufuneki kube ntsha kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kushicilelo lwe-3D.Kunengqiqo ukucwangcisa inxalenye ngendlela efanelekileyo.Siye sabona inkunkuma isusiwe kushicilelo lwe-3D kunye nokuveliswa kwemveli.Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinceda ukwenza oku kulungelelaniso.Asazi ukuba isoftware iya kubiza malini, kwaye siqikelela ukuba ayijoliswanga kwimarike yoshicilelo ye-3D ye-hobbyist.Kodwa sizibuza ukuba yintoni enokwenziwa, siyakrokrela ukuba ngokuthambisa ngamadolo kunye nemodeli kwisoftware ekhoyo, unokufumana iziphumo ezifanayo.
Kwithiyori, nasiphi na isixhobo esinokwenza uhlalutyo lwezinto ezinokuphela kufuneka sikwazi ukumisela izinto eziza kususwa.Siye saqaphela ukuba ii-automakers zisebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D.
“Ngokulinganisa amandla kwihenjisi, ezi zixhobo zinokususa izinto ezingenampembelelo ibalulekileyo.Andiyiyo injineli, kodwa ndafunda oku kwaye ndacinga uhlalutyo lwe-Element Element.Emva koko ndikubone kwisivakalisi sokuqala.Ikhankanyiwe .Ngokuqinisekileyo abenzi beemoto sele besenza njalo.Ngaba sithelekisa njani?Ngaba le modeli ibonelela ngamandla kwimeko yonxunguphalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo?
Yonke imida, intlambo kunye ne-fillet ifuna ixesha lomatshini kunye nesixhobo sokunxiba.Olunye utshintsho lwesixhobo esongezelelweyo lunokufuneka, kwaye xa usebenza kwindawo eyahlukileyo, iinxalenye zingadinga ukuba zenziwe ngoomatshini kwaye zifakwe kwakhona ukuze zizise kwi-orientation enokwenza iipokotho ezininzi - ukuba zinokuba nesixhobo esifanelekileyo ngeenxa zonke.
Ndicinga ukuba ungasebenzisa umatshini onedigri ezininzi zenkululeko ukujikela inxalenye iye kweyona engile… Kodwa ngexabiso elingakanani?
Ushicilelo lwe-3D alunazithintelo zefom enjalo, ukwenza iindawo ezinzima zibe lula njengezilula.
Kwelinye icala, i-advanteji yemveli machining subtractive kukuba impahla ithande ukuba isotropic, yomelele ngokulinganayo kulo naliphi na icala, kwaye ngaphandle kweeflethi zangaphakathi, akufuneki ube nexhala malunga nokudibanisa okubi ngenxa ye-sintering embi.Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uhambe kwi-rolling mill (isinyathelo esingabizi kakhulu) ukunika isakhiwo esilungileyo sengqolowa.
Zonke iindlela zoshicilelo ze-3D zinemida yokumila.Nditsho neenxalenye zeSLM.Njengoko unokucinga, indalo ye-isotropic ye-SLM ayinamsebenzi.Oomatshini kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswa yonke imihla zinika iziphumo ezifanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso ngokwalo lelinye irhamncwa.Kwishishini le-aerospace, ushicilelo lwe-3D kunzima ukuba lukhuphisane ngokwenene.
Ndingatsho ukuba imboni ye-aerospace yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa apho iindleko zoshicilelo lwesinyithi lwe-3D zinokuthetheleleka.Iindleko zokuqala zokuvelisa ziyiqhezu elincinci lexabiso lemveliso ye-aerospace, kwaye ubunzima bubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba kulula ukuyifumana ukusetyenziswa kwayo.Xa kuthelekiswa neendleko eziphezulu zezulu zoqinisekiso lomgangatho wamacandelo adibeneyo, inkqubo yoshicilelo enobuchule kunye nokuhlolwa komlinganiselo obalulekileyo kunokubonelela ngeendleko zokwenyani kunye nokuphefumla umoya omtsha.
Owona mzekelo ucacileyo yiyo yonke into eprintiweyo kwiinjini zerokhethi namhlanje.Unokuphelisa amanqaku amaninzi omgangatho onganelisekanga kwimibhobho enzima ngelixa unciphisa ilahleko yokubuyisela kunye nobunzima.Ndicinga ukuba imilomo ye-injini ishicilelwe nge-3d (i-superdraco mhlawumbi?).Ndikhumbula kakuhle iindaba zolunye uhlobo lwesibiyeli sentsimbi esiprintiweyo kwiinqwelomoya zeBoeing.
Iimveliso ezifana neejammer ezintsha zoMkhosi waManzi kunye nolunye uphuhliso olutsha lunokuba nezibiyeli ezininzi eziprintiweyo ze-3D.Inzuzo yamacandelo e-topology-optimized kukuba uhlalutyo lwamandla ludityaniswe kwinkqubo yoyilo kunye nohlalutyo lokukhathala luhambelana ngqo nalo.
Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezinje nge-DMLS zibambeke ngokwenene kwiimoto nakwimveliso.Ubunzima bubaluleke kakhulu.
Esinye isicelo apho sisebenza kakuhle sikwi-hydraulic/pneumatic manifolds.Isakhono sokwenza itshaneli ezigobileyo kunye nemingxuma yokusonga ukushwabana luncedo kakhulu.Kwakhona, ngeenjongo zesatifikethi, kusafuneka wenze uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-100%, ukuze awudingi nto enkulu yokhuseleko (uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu kunjalo).
Ingxaki kukuba iinkampani ezininzi ziqhayisa ngokuba nomshicileli we-SLM, kodwa bambalwa abakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa.Aba bashicileli basetyenziselwa kuphela ukuchwetheza okukhawulezileyo kwaye abasebenzi ixesha elininzi.Njengoko oku kusabonwa njengendawo entsha, abashicileli balindeleke ukuba behle njengobisi kwaye kufuneka bacinywe kwiminyaka emi-5.Oku kuthetha ukuba ngelixa iindleko zokwenyani zinokuba phantsi kakhulu, ukufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lomsebenzi wokuvelisa kunzima ngenene.
Kwakhona, umgangatho woshicilelo uxhomekeke kwi-thermal conductivity yemathiriyeli, oku kuthetha ukuba i-aluminiyam ithande ukudala uburhabaxa bomphezulu obunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni okudinwayo okucaphukisayo (hayi ukuba zininzi ziyazifuna ukuba uyila oko).Kwakhona, ngelixa i-TiAlV6 iprinta ngokugqwesileyo kwaye inamandla angcono kune-base grade 5, i-aluminium ifumaneka kakhulu njenge-AlSi10Mg, engeyiyo i-alloy enamandla.I-T6, ngelixa ifanelekile ukuchithwa kwezinto ezifanayo, ayifanelekanga kwiindawo ze-SLM.I-Scalmaloy ilungile kwakhona kodwa inzima kwilayisensi, bambalwa abayinikezelayo, ungasebenzisa i-Ti eneendonga ezibhityileyo.
Uninzi lweenkampani zifuna ingalo kunye nomlenze, iisampulu ezingama-20, kunye nomntwana wakho wokuqala ukucubungula indawo eprintiweyo.Ngelixa ngokusebenzayo kuyafana nokuphosa komatshini okuthathe iidonki kunye neepeni ukwenza iminyaka, bacinga ukuba iindawo eziprintiweyo zinomlingo kwaye abathengi bacinga ukuba baneepokotho ezinzulu.Kwakhona, iinkampani eziqinisekisiweyo ze-AS9100 ngokuqhelekileyo azifutshane kwimisebenzi kwaye ziyakonwabela ukwenza oko bezikwenza ixesha elide kwaye ziyazi ukuba zinokwenza imali kuyo kwaye zingayenza ngaphandle kokutyholwa ngengozi yenqwelomoya..
Ngoko ewe: imboni ye-aerospace inokuzuza kwiingxenye ze-SLM, kwaye ezinye zazo zenza, kodwa i-idiosyncrasies yoshishino kunye neenkampani ezibonelela ngenkonzo zinamathele kwi-70s, eyenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi.Ekuphela kophuhliso lokwenene yi-injini, apho izitofu zepetroli eziprintiweyo ziye zaxhaphaka.Kuthi ngokobuqu, umzabalazo wokubonelela nge-ASML lidabi elinyukayo.
Umbhobho wokukhupha i-3D yoshicilelo kwintsimbi ye-P-51D.https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Eminye imiba eyayanyaniswa neendleko zoomatshini kulawulo lweelahleko zokupholisa ngenxa yokuchitheka kunye nokunyuka komphunga.Ukongeza, iichips kufuneka zicutshungulwe.Nakuphi na ukuncitshiswa kwetshiphu kwimveliso yobuninzi kunokubangela ukongiwa okukhulu.
Oku kuhlala kubhekiselwa kuko njengoyilo lwe-topology, kwaye njengoko unokuthelekelela, lelinye inqanaba lohlalutyo ngaphezulu kwe-FEA.Ibanjwe kuphela kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo njengoko izixhobo zifikeleleka ngakumbi.
Nanini na xa ubona igama leFraunhofer, linelungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwaye uluntu olwenzileyo luyakuthintelwa ukuba lungalisebenzisa ixesha elide kakhulu.
Ngamanye amazwi: siyile indlela entsha yokuqinisekisa ukuba uyayitshintsha imoto yakho nje ukuba iwaranti yakho iphelile.
Andiwuboni unxibelelwano phakathi kweehenjisi zocango olulula kunye neyelenqe elibi elenza ukuba ulahle imoto yakho yonke emgqomeni?
Ukukhathala uhlalutyo lobomi yinto enye;ukuba wenza kuphela amandla ezinto eziphathekayo, uya kuphelela ekubeni nenxalenye engayi kusebenza.
Nokuba bayilwe ngamabom ukuba buthathaka, ayizukudinwa kungekudala emva kokuphela kwewaranti, yihenjisi kuphela, kodwa intsha, kwaye akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba uyilahle yonke imoto…
Enyanisweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko, njl..indawo yokuthengisa, ngaphandle kokuba ifunwa ngumthetho kwindawo yakho.
“Yihenjisi nje” kodwa ikwangumzekelo wokuyila inxalenye yobomi obuthile.Xa usetyenziswa kuyo yonke imoto yakho, imoto yakho iya kujika ibe yi-clunker ekuhambeni kwexesha.
I-scandal sisiphumo sabo rhoqo (MP3, ndiyabona!) Ukukhusela i-patent.
Uqoqosho lonke lwase-US lwakhiwe kwi "chip" enjalo.Ngeminye imigangatho iyasebenza :-/.
UFraunhofer wenza inzululwazi eninzi.Akusetyenziswanga kuphela, kodwa kunye nophando olusisiseko.Konke kubiza imali.Ukuba ufuna ukuyenza ngaphandle kwamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kunye neelayisensi, kufuneka ubanike inkxaso-mali ethe chatha karhulumente.Ngamaphepha-mvume kunye namalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, abantu bakwamanye amazwe nabo bathwala ezinye zeendleko kuba nabo bayaxhamla kubuchwephesha.Ukongeza, zonke ezi zifundo zibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukukhuphisana kolu shishino.
Ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi yabo, inxalenye yerhafu yakho ijikeleze i-30% (Grundfinanzierung), enye iphuma kwimithombo ekhoyo kwezinye iinkampani.Ingeniso yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza mhlawumbi yinxalenye yaloo 70%, ukuba awuyithatheli ngqalelo loo nto, kuya kubakho uphuhliso oluncinci okanye iirhafu ezininzi.
Ngesizathu esingaziwayo, insimbi engenasici ivaliwe kwaye ayithandwa kumzimba, injini, ukuhanjiswa kunye namacandelo okumiswa.I-stainless inokufumaneka kuphela kwimibhobho yokukhupha ebiza kakhulu, iya kuba yi-crap njenge-martensitic AISI 410, ukuba ufuna ukukhupha okulungileyo, okuhlala ixesha elide kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-AISI 304/316 ngokwakho ukwenza into enjalo.
Ke yonke imingxunya kwezo ndawo iya kuthi ekugqibeleni ivalwe ngumhlaba omanzi kwaye iindawo ziya kuqala ukugqwala ngokukhawuleza.Ngenxa yokuba inxalenye yenzelwe ubunzima obuphantsi obunokwenzeka, nayiphi na irusi iya kuyenza ngokukhawuleza ibe buthathaka kakhulu emsebenzini.Unokuba nethamsanqa ukuba loo nxalenye ibiyihenjisi yocango, okanye enye into engabalulekanga kangako yangaphakathi okanye isixhasi.Ukuba unazo naziphi na iindawo ezimisiweyo, iinxalenye zothumelo okanye into enjalo, usengxakini enkulu.
PS: Ngaba ukho umntu oyaziyo ngemoto yentsimbi engatyiwayo ethe yavezwa kukufuma, i-icing kunye nobumdaka yonke indawo kunye nomsebenzi wayo omninzi?Zonke iingalo zokunqunyanyiswa, izindlu ze-radiator fan, njl. zingathengwa nangaliphi na ixabiso.Ndiyazi malunga ne-DeLorean, kodwa ngelishwa ineepaneli zangaphandle zensimbi ezingenasici kwaye kungekhona isakhiwo somzimba wonke kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo.
Ndiya kuhlawula ngakumbi imoto enomzimba wensimbi engenasici / isakhelo / ukumiswa / ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo, kodwa oko kuthetha ukungabikho kwexabiso.Izinto eziphathekayo azibizi nje kuphela, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukubumba kunye ne-weld.Ndiyathandabuza ukuba iibhloko zenjini yentsimbi kunye neentloko zenza nayiphi na ingqiqo.
Kwakhona kunzima kakhulu.Ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje yoqoqosho lwamafutha, akukho nzuzo kwintsimbi engenasici.Kuyakuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukulungisa iindleko zekhabhoni zemoto ezenziwe ubukhulu becala ngentsimbi engatyiwayo ukuze kuphinde kufumaneke uncedo oluhlala ixesha elide.
Kutheni ucinga njalo?Intsimbi engatyiwayo inoxinaniso olufanayo kodwa yomelele kancinane.(AISI 304 - 8000 kg / m ^ 3 kunye ne-500 MPa, 945 - 7900-8100 kg / m^ 3 kunye ne-450 MPa).Ngobunzima obufanayo beshiti, umzimba wensimbi ongenasici unobunzima obufanayo nomzimba wentsimbi eqhelekileyo.Kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba uzipeyinte, ngoko ke akukho primer eyongezelelweyo / ipeyinti / ivarnish.
Ewe, ezinye iimoto zenziwe nge-aluminiyam okanye i-titanium, ngoko ke zikhaphukhaphu, kodwa ubukhulu becala zikwinqanaba eliphezulu lemarike kwaye abathengi abanangxaki yokuthenga iimoto ezintsha minyaka le.Ukongeza, i-aluminiyam nayo iyarusa, kwezinye iimeko ngokukhawuleza kunentsimbi.
Akukho ndlela yintsimbi engenastainless ilukhuni ukuyibumba kunye nokuwelda.Yenye yezona zinto zilula ukuwelda, kwaye ngenxa ye-ductility ephezulu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo, inokubunjwa ibe yimilo enzima ngakumbi.Qaphela iimbiza, iisinki, kunye nezinye izitampu zentsimbi ezifumaneka ngokubanzi.I-ASII 304 enkulu yesinki yentsimbi engenanto ixabisa kancinci kwaye imile ngendlela entsonkothileyo kunayo nayiphi na i-fender yangaphambili egximfizwe kuloo foyile yentsimbi imbi.Unokwenza lula amalungu omzimba usebenzisa umgangatho ophezulu wensimbi engenasici kwiimbumba eziqhelekileyo kwaye iimbumba ziya kuhlala ixesha elide.KwiSoviet Union, abanye abantu abasebenza kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto ngamanye amaxesha benza amalungu entsimbi engenasici kwizixhobo zasefektri ukuze batshintshe iimoto zabo.Usenokufumana iVolga endala (GAZ-24) kunye nezantsi, isiqu okanye amaphiko enziwe ngensimbi engenasici.Kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union.IDK kutheni kwaye njani, kwaye ngoku akukho mntu uya kuvuma ukwenza nayiphi na imali kuwe.Andizange ndive ngamalungu omzimba entsimbi engenastainless eyenziwa kwiifektri zaseNtshona okanye zehlabathi lesithathu.Yonke into endiyifumeneyo yayiyi-jeep yensimbi engenasici, kodwa i-AFAIR, iipaneli zensimbi ezingenasici zaveliswa ngesandla, kungekhona i-factory.Kukwakho nebali labalandeli be-WV Golf Mk2 abazama uku-odola ibhetshi yeefenda zentsimbi engatyiwayo kubavelisi bentengiso yasemva kwentengiso efana ne-Klokkerholm, abadla ngokuyenza ngentsimbi engenanto.Bonke aba bavelisi ngokukhawuleza kwaye baqhawule ngokukrakra nayiphi na intetho malunga nesi sihloko, bangathethi nangexabiso.Ngoko awukwazi uku-odola nantoni na nayiphi na imali kule ndawo.nangobuninzi.
Ndivunyiwe, yiyo loo nto ndingakhange ndikhankanye injini kuluhlu.Umhlwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyona ngxaki iphambili ye-injini.
Insimbi engenasici ibiza kakhulu, ewe, kodwa i-stainless steel case ayifuni ukupeyintwa konke konke.Ixabiso lelungu lomzimba elipeyintiweyo liphezulu kakhulu kunelo nxalenye ngokwayo.Ngaloo ndlela, i-stainless steel case ingabizi kakhulu kune-rusty.kwaye iya kuhlala phantse ngonaphakade.Ukutshintsha ngokulula i-rubber bushings kunye namalungu kwisithuthi sakho kwaye awuyi kufuna ukuthenga imoto entsha.Xa kunengqiqo, unokuphinda ubeke enye into esebenza kakuhle okanye umbane endaweni yemoto.Akukho nkcitho, akukho kuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo okungeyomfuneko xa kusakhiwa iimoto ezintsha okanye kusetyenzwa ezindala.Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile, le ndlela eco-friendly ayikho kuluhlu lwee-ecologists kunye nabavelisi.
Ngasekupheleni kwee-1970s, amagcisa kwiiPhilippines enza amalungu amatsha omzimba entsimbi engatyiwayo yeJeepneys.Zaziqale zazakhiwe ngeejeep ezishiywe kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini kunye neMfazwe yaseKorea, kodwa malunga no-1978 zanqunyulwa zonke kuba zazinokolula umva ukuze zihlalise abakhweli abaninzi.Ngoko kwafuneka bakhe ezintsha ukusuka ekuqaleni kwaye basebenzise intsimbi engatyiwayo ukuze bagcine umzimba ungavuthwa.Kwisiqithi esijikelezwe ngamanzi anetyuwa, oku kulungile.
Ishiti lentsimbi elingenasici alinanto ilingana nentsimbi yeHiTen.Oku kubalulekile kukhuseleko, khumbula iimvavanyo zokuqala ze-euroNCAP kwiimoto zaseTshayina ezingasebenzisi olu hlobo lwentsimbi ekhethekileyo.Kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, akukho nto ibetha i-GS cast iron: engabizi, enezinto eziphezulu zokuphosa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.Isikhonkwane sokugqibela ebhokisini lixabiso.Intsimbi engatyiwayo ixabisa ngokwenene.Basebenzisa umzekelo imoto ezemidlalo ngesizathu esihle apho iindleko akunamsebenzi, kodwa VW nangayiphi na indlela.
Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu kunye neenkonzo, uyavuma ngokucacileyo ukubekwa komsebenzi wethu, ukusebenza kunye nentengiso yeekuki.funda ngakumbi