Ukuphatha uthuli ngempumelelo kungaba inselele ezitolo ezincane kuya ezimaphakathi.Ngezansi kunezimpendulo zemibuzo evamise ukubuzwa abaphathi bezitolo ezincane nezimaphakathi mayelana nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya.Getty Images
Ukushisela, ukusika i-plasma, nokusika nge-laser kukhiqiza intuthu, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi intuthu, ehlanganisa izinhlayiya zothuli oluphuma emoyeni ezakhiwe ngento encane eqinile eyomile.Lolu thuli lunganciphisa izinga lomoya, lucasule amehlo noma isikhumba, kulimaze amaphaphu, futhi lube yingozi lapho luhlala endaweni ethile.
Intuthu ecubungulayo ingase ibe ne-lead oxide, i-iron oxide, i-nickel, i-manganese, ithusi, i-chromium, i-cadmium ne-zinc oxide.Ezinye izinqubo zokushisela nazo zikhiqiza amagesi anobuthi njenge-nitrogen dioxide, i-carbon monoxide ne-ozone.
Ukuphatha kahle uthuli nentuthu emsebenzini kubalulekile ukuze kuphephe abasebenzi bakho, izinto zokusebenza nendawo ezungezile.Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubamba uthuli ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqoqa olulukhipha emoyeni, luwukhiphele ngaphandle, futhi lubuyisele umoya ohlanzekile endlini.
Nokho, ukuphatha uthuli ngempumelelo kungaba inselele ezitolo ezincane kuya kweziphakathi nendawo ngenxa yezindleko nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.Ezinye zalezi zikhungo zizozama ukulawula uthuli nentuthu zizodwa, kucatshangwa ukuthi izitolo zazo azidingi uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usaqala noma usuneminyaka eminingi usebhizinisini, ungase ube nesithakazelo ezimpendulweni zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa abaphathi bezitolo ezincane nabamaphakathi mayelana nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya.
Okokuqala, thuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo uhlelo lwengozi yezempilo kanye nohlelo lokunciphisa.Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwenhlanzeko yezimboni kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone izici eziyingozi othulini futhi unqume amazinga okuchayeka.Lokhu kuhlola kufanele kuhlanganise nokuhlola indawo yakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyahlangabezana neMikhawuko Yokuchayeka Evunyelwe Emsebenzini (i-OSHA) (ama-PEL) yezinhlayiya zothuli ezikhiqizwe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezinto ezikhipha uthuli ukuthi angakwazi yini ukuncoma osebenza ngokuhlanzeka embonini noma inkampani yobunjiniyela bemvelo enolwazi ekuhlonzeni uthuli nentuthu eqondene ngqo nezindawo zokusebenza zensimbi.
Uma ujikelezisa umoya ohlanzekile uphinde ubuyele endaweni yakho, qiniseka ukuthi uhlala ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yokusebenza ebekwe yi-OSHA PEL mayelana nokungcola.Uma ukhipha umoya ngaphandle, khumbula ukuthi kufanele uhambisane ne-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Polntants.
Okokugcina, lapho uklama isistimu yakho yokukhipha uthuli, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi udala indawo yokusebenza yokushisela ephephile ngokuhambisana nama-C amathathu okukhipha uthuli nokususwa kwentuthu: ukuthwebula, ukudlulisa, nokuqukatha.Lokhu kudizayina ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa uhlobo oluthile lwehood yokuthwebula umusi noma indlela, ukudonsela endaweni yokushutha, ukukala kahle amapayipi abuyela kumqoqi, nokukhetha ifeni engaguquki ekwazi ukuphatha ivolumu yesistimu.
Lesi isibonelo se-cartridge eqoqa uthuli lwemboni etholakala ngaphandle kwendawo yokushisela.Isithombe: I-Camfil APC
Uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli oluklanyelwe ukusebenza kwakho luwukulawulwa kobunjiniyela okufakazelwe futhi okuqinisekisiwe okuthwebulayo, okuletha futhi okuqukethe izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziyingozi.Iziqoqi zothuli zemidiya ezomile ezinezihlungi ze-cartridge ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezihlungi zesibili zifanele ukubamba izinhlayiya zothuli eziphefumulayo.
Amasistimu wokuthwebula umthombo adumile ezinhlelweni ezibandakanya ukushiselwa kwezingxenye ezincane nezinto ezilungiswayo.Ngokujwayelekile, ahlanganisa izibhamu zokukhipha intuthu (amathiphu okumunca), izingalo ezinwebekayo zokukhipha, namahood afakwe umusi noma amahodi amancane okukhipha umusi anezivikelo eziseceleni.Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kucaciswe uhlelo lokusebenza nokuphazamiseka okuncane kokuhamba komsebenzi.
Okufakwayo kanye nesembozo se-canopy kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezinyawo eziyi-12 ngamamitha angama-20 noma ngaphansi.Izindonda ezinzima zamarobhothi, kuvame ukwenziwa ngamarobhothi aphelele futhi azungeze amarobhothi angenamibili.
Uma isicelo sakho singahambelani nezincomo ezishiwo ngaphambili, isistimu yezemvelo ingaklanywa ukususa intuthu kwabaningi, uma kungenjalo kuyo yonke indawo.Khumbula ukuthi njengoba usuka ekuthwebuleni umthombo, indawo ebiyelwe kanye nehood uye ekuqoqweni kwendawo, ukugeleza komoya okudingekayo kukhuphuka kakhulu, njengoba kwenza ithegi yentengo yesistimu.
Izitolo eziningi ezincane nezincane zivame ukusabela kuphela ngemva kokuzama ukusebenzisa izindlela zokonga imali ze-DIY, njengokuvula iminyango namafasitela nokudala amasistimu azo ezikhipha umoya, ukuze zilawule intuthu.Inkinga iwukuthi umusi omubi ugcina uyinkinga enkulu futhi uvame ukumboza lezi zindlela ngenkathi ukhulisa izindleko zamandla noma udala izingcindezi eziphakeme eziyingozi kakhulu endaweni.
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukuthola ukuthi izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zenzeka kuphi endaweni yakho.Lokhu kungaba yimfucumfucu yetafula le-plasma, i-freehand arc gouging, noma ukushisela ebhentshini lokusebenza.Kusuka lapho, bhekana nenqubo ekhiqiza intuthu eningi kuqala.Kuye ngenani lentuthu ekhiqizwayo, isistimu ephathekayo ingase ikusize ukuthi udlule.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwezisebenzi kuntuthu oyingozi ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi wekhwalithi oqoqa uthuli ongakusiza ukuthi ubone futhi udale isistimu yangokwezifiso yendawo yakho. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka isistimu yokuqoqa uthuli ngesihlungi se-cartridge esiyisisekelo kanye nesihlungi sokuphepha sesibili esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Imidiya yokuhlunga eyinhloko oyikhethayo yohlelo ngalunye kufanele isekelwe kusayizi wezinhlayiya zothuli, izici zokugeleza, ubuningi nokusatshalaliswa.Izihlungi zesibili zokuqapha ukuphepha, njengezihlungi ze-HEPA, zikhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokuthwebula izinhlayiyana zibe ama-microns angu-0.3 noma ngaphezulu (kuthwebula iphesenti eliphezulu le-PM1) futhi zinqande intuthu eyingozi ukuthi ikhishelwe emoyeni uma kwenzeka kuba nokwehluleka okuyinhloko kwesihlungi.
Uma usuvele unalo uhlelo lokulawula intuthu, qapha ngokucophelela isitolo sakho ukuze uthole izimo ezibonisa ukuthi asisebenzi kahle.Ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zihlanganisa:
Qaphela amafu entuthu ashubile futhi alenga emoyeni usuku lonke ngemva komcimbi wakho wokushisela. Nokho, ukunqwabelana kwentuthu enkulu akusho ukuthi isistimu yakho yokukhipha ayisebenzi kahle, kungase kusho ukuthi udlule amandla esistimu yakho yamanje.
Ukuphatha kahle uthuli nentuthu kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwabasebenzi bakho, okokusebenza kanye nendawo yokusebenzela.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulalela, ukubheka, kanye nokubuza abasebenzi bakho.Bangakwazisa uma izilawuli zakho zamanje zobunjiniyela zilawula ngempumelelo uthuli endaweni yakho futhi baphakamise izindawo ongazithuthukisa.
Imithetho ye-OSHA yamabhizinisi amancane ingaba inkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekwazini ukuthi yimiphi imithetho okufanele uyilandele nokuthi iyiphi okhululiwe kuyo.Ngokuvamile, izitolo ezincane zicabanga ukuthi zingahamba ngaphansi kwe-radar yemithetho ye-OSHA-kuze kube yilapho isisebenzi sikhononda.Masicacise: Ukungazinaki imithetho akuqedi izingozi zempilo yabasebenzi.
Ngokusho kweSigaba 5 (a) (1) se-OSHA's General Responsibility Provisions, abaqashi kufanele babone futhi banciphise izingozi zendawo yokusebenza.Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaqashi kufanele bagcine amarekhodi ahlonza zonke izingozi (uthuli) ezikhiqizwa ezindaweni zabo.
I-OSHA iphinda ibeke imingcele ye-PEL yezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezivela ekushiseleni nasekusebenzeni kwensimbi.Lawa ma-PEL asekelwe esilinganisweni esilinganiselwe sesikhathi samahora angu-8 samakhulukhulu othuli, okuhlanganisa nalawo aqukethwe kuntuthu wokushisela nowokwenza insimbi osohlwini lwethebula le-PEL elichazelwe.
Njengoba kushiwo, umusi ungacasula amehlo nesikhumba.Nokho, kufanele futhi uqaphele imiphumela enobuthi.
I-Particulate matter (PM) enobubanzi obungama-microns angu-10 noma ngaphansi (≤ PM10) ingafinyelela emgudwini wokuphefumula, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingu-2.5 microns noma ngaphansi (≤ PM2.5) zingangena zijule emaphashini.Izinhlayiya eziphefumulayo ezinobubanzi obungu-1.0 microns noma ngaphansi (≤ PM1) zibangele umonakalo omkhulu futhi zingene ohlelweni lwegazi.
Ukuchayeka njalo ku-PM kukhulisa ubungozi bezifo zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Izinhlayiya eziningi ezivela ekushiseleni nasekusebenzeni kwensimbi ziwela ngaphakathi kwalolu chungechunge lwengozi, futhi imvelo nobukhulu bengozi kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lwento ecutshungulwayo.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ethambile, i-aluminium, uthayela, noma ezinye izinto, amashidi edatha okuphepha abalulekile okuhlonza ubungozi bezempilo kuwuphawu oluhle lwedatha yezempilo.
I-Manganese iyinsimbi eyinhloko ocingweni lokushisela futhi ingabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukukhathala, ukungabi nalutho nokuba buthakathaka.Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside entuthuni ye-manganese kungabangela izinkinga zemizwa.
Ukuchayeka ku-chromium ene-hexavalent (i-hexavalent chromium), i-carcinogen ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwezinsimbi ezine-chromium, kungabangela ukugula kwesikhashana okuphezulu kokuphefumula kanye nokucasuka kwamehlo noma isikhumba.
I-Zinc oxide evela ekusebenzeni okushisayo kwensimbi ethathiwe ingabangela i-metal fume fever, ukugula kwesikhashana okunezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ngemva kokuphuma amahora okusebenza, njengezimpelasonto noma ngemva kwamaholide.
Uma usuvele unalo uhlelo lokulawula intuthu, qapha isitolo sakho ukuze uthole izimo ezibonisa ukuthi asisebenzi kahle, njengamafu entuthu ashubile usuku lonke.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuchayeka kwe-beryllium zingase zihlanganise ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala, ukuncipha, imfiva, nokujuluka ebusuku.
Emisebenzini yokushisela nokusika okushisayo, uhlelo lokukhipha uthuli oluklanywe kahle futhi olugcinwe luvimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula kubasebenzi futhi lugcina izikhungo zihambisana nezidingo zamanje zekhwalithi yomoya.
Yebo.Umoya ogcwele intuthu ungamboza izinto ezishintsha ukushisa kanye namakhoyili okupholisa, okubangela ukuthi amasistimu e-HVAC adinge ukunakekelwa njalo.Intuthu yokushisela ingangena ezihlungini ezijwayelekile ze-HVAC, ibangele ukuthi amasistimu okushisa ahluleke futhi avale amakhoyili abamba umoya opholile.Isevisi eqhubekayo yohlelo lwe-HVAC ingabiza, kodwa uhlelo olungasebenzi kahle lungadala izimo eziyingozi kubasebenzi.
Umthetho olula kodwa obalulekile wokuphepha uwukubuyisela isihlungi sothuli ngaphambi kokuba sibe siningi.Buyisela isihlungi uma ubona okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:
Ezinye izihlungi ze-cartridge yempilo ende zingasebenza iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu phakathi kwezinguquko.Nokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinothuli olusindayo zivame ukudinga izinguquko ezivame kakhulu zesihlungi.
Ukukhetha isihlungi esingena esikhundleni esilungile sesiqoqi se-cartridge yakho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni nasekusebenzeni kwesistimu.Qaphela lapho uthenga izihlungi ezishintshayo zesiqoqi se-cartridge yakho - akuzona zonke izihlungi ezifanayo.
Ngokuvamile, abathengi banamathele ngenani elingcono kakhulu.Nokho, intengo yohlu ayisona isiqondiso esingcono kakhulu sokuthenga isihlungi se-cartridge.
Sekukonke, ukuvikela wena nabasebenzi bakho ngohlelo olufanele lokuqoqa uthuli kuzohamba ibanga elide ekusizeni ibhizinisi lakho elincane ukuya kweliphakathi ukuthi liphumelele.
I-WELDER, eyake yabizwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke.Lo magazini ususebenzele umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.