Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor wesithombe esibaziwe se-Cloud Gate e-Millennium Park e-Chicago ukuthi sifana ne-liquid mercury, sibonisa kahle idolobha elisizungezile.Ukufeza lokhu okuphelele kuwumsebenzi wothando.
“Engangifuna ukukwenza ngeMillennium Park kwakuwukuhlanganisa isibhakabhaka saseChicago kuyo… ukuze abantu babone amafu entanta kuyo futhi lezi zakhiwo ezinde kakhulu zibonakala emsebenzini.Khona-ke, njengoba kusesimweni somnyango, umhlanganyeli, umbukeli, uzokwazi ukungena kuleli gumbi elijule kakhulu, okuyinto ngomqondo osebenza ngayo ngokuzindla kwayo ngendlela efanayo ukuthi ukubukeka komsebenzi kusebenza ekubonakalisweni kwedolobha elizungezile.” – umdwebi odumile waseBrithani u-Anish .Kapoor, umqophi weSango Lefu
Uma ubheka indawo ezolile yalo mfanekiso oqoshiwe wensimbi engenasici, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ingakanani insimbi nesibindi esicashe ngaphansi kwawo.I-Cloud Gate ifihla izindaba zabakhi bensimbi abangaphezu kwe-100, abasiki, abashicileli, abalungisi, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, abafakela, abafakela kanye nabaphathi - ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-5 kwenziwa.
Abaningi basebenza amahora amaningi, basebenza kuma-workshops phakathi kwamabili, bagxumeka amatende endaweni yokwakha futhi basebenza kanzima emazingeni okushisa angu-110-degree begqoke amasudi aphelele eTyvek® kanye nama-half-masks.Abanye basebenza ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi, ukulenga kumahhanisi, ukubamba amathuluzi, nokusebenza ezindaweni ezishelelayo.Konke kuhamba kancane (nakude kakhulu) ukwenza okungenakwenzeka kwenzeke.
Ukuthuthukisa umqondo womqophi u-Anish Kapoor wamafu antantayo abe yithani elingu-110, elingu-66-fit-ubude, elingu-33-foot-ubude besithombe esibaziwe se-Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, kanye ne-MTH.I-Villa Park, e-Illinois.Emgubhweni wayo weminyaka eyi-120, i-MTH ingenye yezindala zosonkontileka bensimbi nengilazi endaweni yaseChicago.
Izidingo zokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi zizoncika ekusebenzeni kobuciko, ubuhlakani, amakhono emishini kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza lazo zombili izinkampani.Zenziwe ngokwezifiso ngisho nemishini eyakhelwe iphrojekthi.
Ezinye zezinkinga zephrojekthi zisukela ekumisekeni kwayo okugobile ngendlela eyinqaba - ichashaza noma inkaba ebheke phansi - kanti ezinye zisuka kusayizi wayo ophelele.Le mifanekiso yakhiwa izinkampani ezimbili ezihlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene eziqhelelene ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, okwenza kube nezinkinga ngezokuthutha nezitayela zokusebenza.Izinqubo eziningi okufanele zenziwe ensimini kunzima ukuzenza phansi esitolo, ingasaphathwa ebaleni.Ubunzima obukhulu buvela ngoba nje isakhiwo esinjalo asikaze senziwa ngaphambili.Ngakho-ke, akukho sixhumanisi, akukho cebo, akukho mephu yomgwaqo.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi kwezokwakha imikhumbi, okokuqala emikhunjini futhi kamuva kweminye imiklamo yobuciko, futhi ufanelekile ukwenza imisebenzi eyingqayizivele yokwakha imikhumbi.U-Anish Kapoor ucele abaphothule izifundo ze-physics nezobuciko ukuthi banikeze imodeli encane.
“Ngakho-ke ngenza isifanekiso esingamamitha angu-2 x 3, ucezu olupholishelwe kahle olugobile olubushelelezi, wathi, ‘O, ukwenzile, uwena wedwa okwenzile,’ ngoba useneminyaka emibili efuna.Thola umuntu ozokwenza,” kusho uSilva.
Uhlelo lwangempela lwaluwukuba i-PSI yenze futhi yakhe umfanekiso oqoshiwe ngokuphelele bese ithumela yonke ingxenye eseningizimu yePacific, inqamule iPanama Canal, enyakatho eduze ne-Atlantic kanye nomgwaqo iSt. Lawrence Seaway iye ethekwini eLake Michigan.U-Edward Ulir, oyi-CEO ye-Millennium Park Inc. Ngokwesitatimende, isistimu yokuthutha eklanywe ngokukhethekile izomyisa eMillennium Park.Izinkinga zesikhathi nokusebenza kwazo kwaphoqa lezi zinhlelo ukuthi zishintshe.Ngakho-ke, amaphaneli agobile kwakudingeka avikeleke ukuze ahanjiswe futhi ahanjiswe ngamaloli e-Chicago, lapho i-MTH yahlanganisa khona i-substructure kanye ne-superstructure, futhi yaxhuma amaphaneli ku-superstructure.
Ukuqeda nokupholisha amashisela e-Cloud Gate ukuze abukeke kalula kwakungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu zokufakwa nokuhlanganisa esizeni.Inqubo yezinyathelo ezingu-12 iqedwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-blush ekhanyayo, efana ne-jewelry polish.
"Eqinisweni, sisebenze kulo msebenzi cishe iminyaka emithathu senza lezi zingxenye," kusho uSilva.“Lona wumsebenzi onzima.Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthola ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani futhi uthole imininingwane;niyazi, ukuletha ukupheleliswa.Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwensimbi kwakudala kuyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokubumba kanye ne-aerospace..”
Ngokusho kwakhe, kunzima ukwenza into enkulu futhi esindayo ngokunemba okuphezulu.Ama-slabs amakhulu kakhulu ayengamamitha angu-7 ububanzi namafidi angu-11 ubude futhi anesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-1,500.
"Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD nokudala imidwebo yezitolo yangempela yomsebenzi kuwumsebenzi omkhulu ngokwakho," kusho uSilva.“Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukukala amapuleti futhi sihlole ngokunembile ukuma kwawo nokugoba ukuze ahlangane ngendlela efanele.
"Senze ukulingisa kwekhompuyutha sabe sesiyihlukanisa," kusho uSilva."Ngasebenzisa ulwazi lwami ekwakheni amagobolondo futhi ngaba nemibono yokuthi ngingahlukanisa kanjani umumo ukuze imigqa ye-seam isebenze ukuze sithole imiphumela yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu."
Amanye amapuleti ayisikwele, amanye anophaya.Lapho besondela ekuguqukeni okubukhali, iba nomumo onjengophayi futhi iba nkulu irediyasi yoguquko lweradial.Engxenyeni engenhla ziyisicaba futhi zikhudlwana.
I-plasma isika insimbi engagqwali engu-1/4 kuya ku-3/8-intshi engu-316L, eqine ngokwanele ngokwayo.“Inselelo yangempela ukunikeza ama-slabs amakhulu ukugoba okunembe.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubunjwa okunembe kakhulu nokwenziwa kohlaka lwesistimu yezimbambo ze-slab ngayinye.Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuma kwe-slab ngayinye. "
Amabhodi asongwe kuma-roller e-3D i-PSI ewaklamile futhi akhiqizwa ngokuqondile ukuze aginqike lawa mabhodi (bheka umdwebo 1).“Kufana nomzala wama-roller waseBrithani.Siwagingqa sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana namaphiko,” kusho uSilva.Gobisa iphaneli ngayinye ngokuyihambisa emuva naphambili kuma-roller, ulungise ukucindezela kuma-roller kuze kube yilapho amaphaneli esengaphakathi kuka-0.01″ wosayizi oyifunayo.Ngokusho kwakhe, ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwakha amashidi ngokushelela.
Umshiseli ube eseshisela i-flux-cored wire esakhiweni sesistimu yezimbambo zangaphakathi."Ngokubona kwami, i-flux-cored wire iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha amashisela ensimbi engenasici," kuchaza uSilva."Lokhu kukunikeza ama-welds ekhwalithi ephezulu agxile ekukhiqizeni nasekubukekeni okuhle."
Zonke izindawo zebhodi zigaywa ngesandla futhi zigaywe emshinini ukuze zizisike zibe yinkulungwane ye-intshi ukuze zilingane (bona umkhiwane 2).Qinisekisa ubukhulu ngokulinganisa okunembile nokokusebenza kokuskena nge-laser.Ekugcineni, ipuleti lipholishwa kuze kube isibuko futhi limbozwe ngefilimu yokuzivikela.
Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamaphaneli, kanye nesisekelo nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, kwahlanganiswa emhlanganweni wokuhlola ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli athunyelwe esuka e-Auckland (bheka izibalo 3 no-4).Wahlela inqubo yamapulangwe futhi umthungo washisela amabhodi amancane amaningana ukuze awahlanganise."Ngakho-ke lapho siyihlanganisa eChicago, sasazi ukuthi izolingana," kusho uSilva.
Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nokudlidliza kwetroli kungabangela ukuba ishidi eligoqiwe lixege.I-ribbed grating ayiklanyelwe nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa futhi nokugcina ukuma kwebhodi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ngakho-ke, uma i-reinforcing mesh ingaphakathi, ipuleti liyaphathwa ngokushisa futhi lipholiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi yezinto ezibonakalayo.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezokuthutha, ama-cradle enzelwe isidlo ngasinye bese elayishwa ezitsheni, cishe ezine ngesikhathi.
Iziqukathi zabe sezilayishwa ngemikhiqizo eseyiphelile, cishe ezine ngesikhathi, futhi zathunyelwa eChicago nabasebenzi be-PSI ukuze bafakwe nabasebenzi be-MTH.Omunye wabo unguchwepheshe wezokuthutha oxhumanisa ezokuthutha, kanti omunye ungumqondisi endaweni yobuchwepheshe.Usebenza nsuku zonke nabasebenzi be-MTH futhi usiza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba kudingeka."Yebo, ubeyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo," kusho uSilva.
U-Lyle Hill, uMongameli we-MTH, uthe i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinikezwe umsebenzi wokunamathisela isithombe esiqoshiwe phansi futhi sifake isakhiwo esikhulu, bese sishisela amashidi kuso futhi yenze ukufakwa kwesihlabathi nokupholishwa kokugcina, ngokuhlonishwa kwe-PSI Technical Management.ukubaza kusho ukulingana phakathi kobuciko nokusebenza, ithiyori kanye neqiniso, isikhathi esidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.
U-Lou Czerny, iphini likamongameli we-MTH kwezobunjiniyela kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi, uthe unentshisekelo ekuhlukeni kwalo msebenzi.“Ngokwazi kwethu, kunezinto ezenzekayo kulo msebenzi ezingakaze zenziwe ngaphambilini noma ezingakaze zicatshangelwe ngaphambilini,” kusho uCzerny.
Kodwa ukusebenza emsebenzini wokuqala wohlobo lwawo kudinga ubuhlakani obuvumelana nezimo kusayithi ukuze ubhekane nezinkinga ezingalindelekile futhi uphendule imibuzo ephakamayo endleleni:
Uwanamathisela kanjani amaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali angama-128 endaweni ephezulu ehlala njalo ngenkathi ugqoke amagilavu ​​ezingane?Ungathengisa kanjani ubhontshisi omkhulu omise okwe-arc ngaphandle kokuthembela kuwo?Ngingayingena kanjani i-weld ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushisela ngaphakathi?Ungafinyelela kanjani isibuko esiphelele sokuqeda ama-welds ensimbi engagqwali ensimini?Kwenzekani uma umbani umshaya?
UCzerny uthe into yokuqala ekhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuzoba iphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yilapho kuqala ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwemishini engamaphawundi angu-30 000.Isakhiwo sensimbi esisekela umfanekiso.
Nakuba insimbi yesakhiwo esinezinc ephezulu ehlinzekwe yi-PSI ukuze ihlanganise isisekelo sesakhiwo esingaphansi kulula ukuyikhiqiza, inkundla yesakhiwo esingaphansi yayiyingxenye engaphezu kwendawo yokudlela nengxenye ngaphezu kwendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngayinye inobude obuhlukile.
"Ngakho-ke isisekelo siwuhlobo lwe-cantilevered futhi luyanyakaza," kusho uCzerny."Lapho sibeke khona insimbi eningi, okuhlanganisa nasekuqaleni kwe-slab uqobo, kudingeke ukuthi siphoqe u-crane embobeni engamamitha angu-5."
U-Czerny uthe basebenzise isistimu yokubambelela eqinile eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nesistimu yokuqinisa ngaphambi komshini efana naleyo esetshenziswa ezimayini zamalahle nezinye izikhonkwane zamakhemikhali.Uma isisekelo sesakhiwo sensimbi sigxilwe kukhonkolo, kufanele kwakhiwe i-superstructure lapho igobolondo lizoxhunywa khona.
"Saqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-truss sisebenzisa izindandatho ezimbili ezinkulu ezenziwe nge-o-stainless steel o-304-eyodwa ekugcineni enyakatho yesakhiwo kanti enye iseningizimu," kusho u-Czerny (bheka Umfanekiso 3).Izindandatho ziboshelwe ngezigxobo ze-tubular eziphambanayo.I-subframe ewumgogodla wendandatho ihlukaniswa futhi iboshwe endaweni kusetshenziswa i-GMAW, i-rod welding kanye neziqinisa ezishiselwe.
Ngakho-ke, kunesakhiwo esikhulu esingakaze sibonwe muntu;okohlaka lwesakhiwo kuphela,” kusho uCzerny.
Naphezu kwemizamo engcono kakhulu yokuklama, unjiniyela, ukukhiqiza nokufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zephrojekthi yase-Auckland, lesi sithombe esiqoshiwe asikaze sibe khona futhi izindlela ezintsha zihlala zihambisana nama-burrs nemihuzuko.Ngokufanayo, ukufanisa umqondo wokukhiqiza wenkampani kwenye akulula njengokudlulisa induku.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwamasayithi libangele ukubambezeleka kokulethwa, okwenza kube nengqondo ukukhiqiza esizeni.
“Ngenkathi izinqubo zokuhlanganisa nokushisela zazihlelelwe e-Auckland kusenesikhathi, izimo zangempela zesayithi zidinga wonke umuntu abe nobuhlakani,” kusho uSilva."Futhi abasebenzi bezinyunyana bahle kakhulu."
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, bekuwumkhuba wansuku zonke we-MTH ukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wosuku uhlanganisa ini nokuthi ungenza kanjani kangcono ezinye zezingxenye zokuhlanganisa zohlaka olungaphansi, kanye nezinye ze-struts, "ukuthuthumela", izingalo, izikhonkwane, nezigxobo.Ngokuka-Ayr, izinti ze-pogo ziyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwesikhashana olusemaceleni.
“Kuwuhlelo oluqhubekayo lokuklama lapho undiza kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ukugcina izinto zihamba futhi zifike ensimini ngokushesha.Sichitha isikhathi esiningi sihlela lokho esinakho, kokunye siklama kabusha futhi siklama kabusha, bese sikhiqiza izingxenye esizidingayo.
"NgoLwesibili sizobe sinezinto eziyi-10 okufanele sizilethe endaweni ngoLwesithathu," kusho uHill.“Sinomsebenzi omningi wesikhathi esengeziwe nomsebenzi omningi esitolo owenziwa phakathi kwamabili.”
"Cishe amaphesenti angu-75 wezingxenye zokumiswa kwe-sideboard akhiqizwa noma aguqulwa ensimini," kusho uCzerny.“Ezikhathini ezimbalwa sasikwazi ukubhekana ngokoqobo namahora angu-24.Ngangisesitolo kwaze kwashaya u-2, 3 ekuseni ngiye ekhaya ngiyogeza, ngilande ngo-5:30 futhi ngisemanzi..”
Uhlelo lokumiswa kwesikhashana lwe-MTN lokuhlanganisa i-hull luqukethe ama-spring, ama-struts namakhebuli.Wonke amalunga phakathi kwamapuleti aboshwe okwesikhashana ngama-bolts."Ngakho-ke sonke isakhiwo sixhumeke ngomshini, silengiswa ngaphakathi kuma-trusses angama-304," kusho uCzerny.
Baqala ukusuka edome esisekelweni sesithombe se-omgala - "inkaba yenkaba".I-dome yalengiswa kuma-trusses kusetshenziswa isistimu yesikhashana yokusekela i-spension spring suspension, ehlanganisa iziphanyeko, izintambo kanye neziphethu.U-Czerny uthe isiphethu sihlinzeka “nge-bounce” njengoba kunezelwa amabhodi amaningi.Khona-ke iziphethu zilungiswa ngokusekelwe esisindweni esenezelwe ipuleti ngalinye ukuze silinganisele wonke umfanekiso oqoshiwe.
Ibhodi ngalinye kumabhodi angu-168 linesistimu yalo yokusekela ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo enamaphuzu amane ngakho-ke lisekelwa ngalinye endaweni."Umqondo awukona ukuhlola ngokweqile noma yimaphi amalunga ngoba lawo malungu ahlanganiswa ukuze kuzuzwe igebe le-0/0," kusho uCerny."Uma ibhodi lishaya ibhodi ngaphansi kungaholela ekuxabaneni nezinye izinkinga."
Njengobufakazi bokunemba kwe-PSI, umhlangano muhle kakhulu, awudlali kangako."I-PSI yenze umsebenzi omuhle wokwenza amaphaneli," kusho uCzerny.“Ngiyabancoma ngoba ekugcineni uyangifanela.Ukulingana kuhle kangangokuthi kuyangifanela.Sikhuluma ngokwezwi nezwi mayelana nezinkulungwane zamayintshi.Ipuleti elihlanganisiwe linomkhawulo ovaliwe. "
“Lapho beqeda ukuhlanganisa, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi sebeqedile,” kusho uSilva, hhayi nje ngoba imithungo iqinile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezihlanganiswe ngokugcwele, namapuleti azo acwebezeliswe kakhulu okuqeda izibuko, avele adlala, abonisa indawo ezungezile..Kodwa izinqe ziyabonakala, i-liquid mercury ayinazo izithungo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mfanekiso bekufanele ushiselwe ngokugcwele ukuze ulondoloze ubuqotho bawo besakhiwo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kusho uSilva.
Ukuphothulwa kweSango Lefu kwadingeka ukubambezeleka ngesikhathi sokuvulwa okuhle kwepaki ekwindla ka-2004, ngakho u-omhalus waba i-GTAW ephilayo, futhi lokhu kwaqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa.
"Ungabona izindawo ezincane ezinsundu nxazonke zesakhiwo, okungamalunga e-TIG," kusho u-Czerny.“Siqale ukuvuselela amatende ngoJanuwari.”
“Inselelo enkulu elandelayo yokukhiqiza yale phrojekthi kwakuwukushisela umthungo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba komumo ngenxa yokuncipha kokushisela,” kusho uSilva.
NgokukaCzerny, ukushisela i-plasma kunikeza amandla adingekayo kanye nokuqina ngengozi encane eshidini.Ingxube ye-argon engu-98% kanye ne-helium engu-2% iyona engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhlangana.
Ama-welders asebenzisa amasu e-keyhole we-plasma welding esebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-Thermal Arc® kanye nemihlangano ekhethekile ye-tractor kanye nethoshi eklanywe futhi isetshenziswe yi-PSI.