Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor wesithombe esibaziwe se-Cloud Gate e-Millennium Park e-Chicago ukuthi sifana ne-liquid mercury, sibonisa kalula idolobha elisizungezile. Ukufeza lokhu kungenamthungo kuwumsebenzi wothando.
“Engangifuna ukukwenza eMillennium Park kwakuwukwenza into ezongena esibhakabhakeni saseChicago…ukuze abantu babone amafu entanta kuyo kanye nalezo zakhiwo ezinde kakhulu zibonakala emsebenzini.Khona-ke, Ngenxa yesimo sawo emnyango, umhlanganyeli, izethameli, zizokwazi ukungena kuleli gumbi elijule kakhulu, ngendlela elenza ngayo into efanayo ekuboniseni umuntu njengoba ingaphandle lomsebenzi lenza ekuboniseni izinto zedolobha elizungezile.”– umdwebi odumile waseBrithani u-Anish Kapoor, umqophi we-Cloud Gate
Uma ubheka indawo ezolile yalo mfanekiso oqoshiwe wensimbi engenasici, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ingakanani insimbi nesibindi esingaphansi kwawo.I-Cloud Gate ifihla izindaba zabakhi bensimbi abangaphezu kwe-100, abasiki, abashiseli, abalungisi bezinto, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, abasebenza ngensimbi, abafakeli, nabaphathi—iminyaka yonke emihlanu.
Abaningi babesebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, benza umsebenzi we-workshop phakathi nobusuku, bemisa amatende esizeni, futhi besebenza kanzima emazingeni okushisa angu-110-degree e-Tyvek® egcwele amasudi kanye ne-half-mask respirators.Abanye basebenza ezindaweni eziphikisana namandla adonsela phansi, belenga emabhande ezihlalo ngenkathi bephethe amathuluzi futhi besebenza emithambekeni eshelelayo.Konke kuhamba kancane ukuze kungenzeki.
Ukuqinisa umqondo womqophi u-Anish Kapoor wamafu antantayo angamathani angu-110, angamafidi angu-66 ubude, ubude obungamafidi angu-33 ubude bekuwumsebenzi womkhiqizi wenkampani i-Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), i-Oakland, CA, kanye ne-MTH, i-Villan Park, iminyaka engu-10 yesakhiwo sayo esidala se-IL20. i-ural metal kanye ne-glass structural design contractors endaweni yaseChicago.
Izidingo zokufeza iphrojekthi zizothinta ukwenziwa kobuciko, ubuhlakani, amakhono emishini kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza lazo zombili lezi zinkampani. Benza ngezifiso futhi bakha nezinto zokusebenza zale phrojekthi.
Ezinye izinselelo zale phrojekthi zivela ekumiseni kwayo okugobile ngendlela eyinqaba - ichashazi noma inkinobho yesisu ehlanekezelwe - kanti ezinye zisuka kusayizi wayo nje. Imifanekiso eqoshiwe yakhiwa izinkampani ezimbili ezihlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene ngezinkulungwane zamamayela ngokuhlukana, okwenza kube nezinkinga ngezokuthutha nezitayela zokusebenza. Izinqubo eziningi okufanele zenziwe ensimini kunzima ukuzenza endaweni yesitolo, ingasaphathwa eyomsebenzi onzima ngaphambi kokuba kudalwe. , alikho imephu yomgwaqo.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi ekwakhiweni kwamagobolondo, ekuqaleni emikhunjini futhi kamuva kweminye imiklamo yobuciko, ofanelekela imisebenzi eyingqayizivele yokwakha amagobolondo.U-Anish Kapoor ucele abathweswe iziqu ze-physics nezobuciko ukuba banikeze imodeli encane.
“Ngakho-ke ngenza isampula lamamitha angu-2 x 3, ucezu olupholishelwe olubushelelezi olugobile, wayesethi, ‘O, ukwenzile, uwena wedwa okwenzile,’ ngoba ubesebheke iminyaka emibili ethi Thola umuntu ozokwenza,” kusho uSilva.
Uhlelo lwangempela bekuwukuba i-PSI yenze futhi yakhe umfanekiso oqoshiwe ngokugcwele, bese ithumela yonke ingxenye eningizimu yoLwandlekazi i-Pacific, inqamule iPanama Canal, enyakatho eduze nolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, kanye nogudla iSt. Lawrence Seaway iye ethekwini eliseLake Michigan, ngokusho kuka-Edward Uhlir, umqondisi omkhulu we-Millennium Park Inc. Ngokwesitatimende, uhlelo oluklanywe ngokukhethekileyo lwe-conveyor kuya ku-Millennium Conveyor, lezi zinhlelo zizoyihambisa ku-Millennium Conveyor, lezi zinhlelo zizoyihambisa endaweni ye-Millennium. amaphaneli agobile kwakudingeka aqiniselwe ukuthutha futhi afakwe ngamaloli e-Chicago, lapho i-MTH yayizohlanganisa isakhiwo esingaphansi kanye nesakhiwo esikhulu, futhi ixhume amaphaneli ku-superstructure.
Ukuqedela nokupholisha amashisela eSango Lefu ukuze kubukeke kalula kwakungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu zokufakwa kwenkundla nomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa.Inqubo yezinyathelo ezingu-12 iphetha nge-rouge ekhanyayo efana nepholishi yobucwebe.
“Ngakho-ke sasebenza kuleyo phrojekthi cishe iminyaka emithathu, senza lezi zingxenye,” kusho uSilva.” Kungumsebenzi onzima.Isikhathi esiningi saleso sikhathi sichithwa kucatshangelwa ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani futhi kusetshenziswe imininingwane;uyazi, ukukuphelelisa nje.Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwensimbi yakudala ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-aerospace.”
Kunzima ukwenza into enkulu kangaka futhi esindayo ngokunemba, wathi.Amapuleti amakhulu kunawo wonke ayelinganiselwa kumafidi angu-7 ububanzi namafidi angu-11 ubude futhi anesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-1,500.
"Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD nokudala imidwebo yezitolo yangempela yomsebenzi empeleni kuyiphrojekthi enkulu ngokwayo," kusho uSilva."Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha ukukala amapuleti futhi sihlole ngokunembile ukuma nokugoba kwawo ukuze ahlangane ngendlela efanele.
“Senze imodeli yekhompyutha sabe sesiyihlukanisa,” kusho uSilva.” Ngasebenzisa ulwazi lwami ngokwakhiwa kwamagobolondo, futhi ngaba nemibono yokuthi ngingahlukanisa kanjani umumo ukuze imigqa yokuthunga isebenze ukuze sithole imiphumela yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.”
Amanye amapuleti ayizikwele, amanye amise okwephayi.Lapho esondela enguqukweni ewumqansa, abukeka njengophayi, futhi ayanda inguquko yeradial.Phezulu, ayisicaba futhi amakhulu.
I-Plasma isika insimbi engagqwali engu-1/4- kuya ku-3/8-intshi ugqinsi ongu-316L, eqine ngokwanele ngokwayo, kusho uSilva.” Inselele yangempela iwukwenza ama-slabs amakhulu abe ukugoba okunembe ngokwanele.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwakha nokwakha ifreyimu yesistimu yezimbambo ye-slab ngayinye ngokunembe kakhulu.Ngale ndlela singakuchaza ngokunembile ukwakheka kwe-slab ngayinye.”
Amabhodi asongwa kumarola e-3D i-PSI ewaklamile futhi akhiqizwa ngokukhethekile ukuze asonge lawa mabhodi (bona Umfanekiso 1).”Kuwuhlobo oluthile lomzala kumarola aseBrithani.Siwagoqa sisebenzisa inqubo efana nendlela ama-fenders enziwa ngayo, "kusho uSilva. Goba iphaneli ngayinye ngokuyihambisa emuva naphambili kuma-rollers, ulungise ukucindezela kuma-rollers kuze kube yilapho amapaneli engaphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.01 wesayizi oyifunayo. Ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwenza amashidi ngokushelelayo, esho.
Umshiseli ube esethunga i-flux cored eya esakhiweni sesistimu yezimbambo ezingaphakathi.
Zonke izindawo zamabhodi zigaywe ngesandla futhi zigaywa ngomshini ukuze zisikwe zibe yinkulungwane oyifunayo yamayintshi okunemba ukuze zonke zilingane (bona Umfanekiso 2).Hlola ubukhulu ngemishini yokukala enembile kanye nemishini yokuskena nge-laser. Ekugcineni, ipuleti liyapholishwa laze laphela isibuko futhi limbozwa ngefilimu evikelayo.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamaphaneli, kanye nesisekelo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, zakhiwe emhlanganweni wecala ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli athunyelwe esuka e-Auckland (bheka iMifanekiso 3 kanye ne-4) .Uhlele inqubo ye-siding futhi wenza i-seam welding kwamanye amabhodi amancane ukuze uwahlanganise ndawonye. "Ngakho lapho sihlanganisa ndawonye e-Chicago, sasazi ukuthi kuzofanelana, "kusho uSilva.
Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nokudlidliza kweloli kungabangela ukuba ishidi eligoqiwe likhululeke.I-ribbed grating ayiklanyelwe nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa futhi nokugcina ukuma kwebhodi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ngakho-ke, nge-reinforcement mesh ngaphakathi, ipuleti liyaphathwa ukushisa futhi lipholiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuvinjwe ukulimala kwezokuthutha, ama-cradles enziwa ipuleti ngalinye, abese elayishwa ezitsheni, cishe ezine ngesikhathi.
Iziqukathi zabe sezilayishwa emikhiqizweni ecishe iqedwe, cishe ezine ngesikhathi, futhi zathunyelwa eChicago nezisebenzi ze-PSI ukuze zifakwe nabasebenzi be-MTH. Omunye ungumuntu wezokuthutha oxhumanisa ezokuthutha, kanti omunye ungumphathi endaweni yobuchwepheshe. Usebenza nabasebenzi be-MTH nsuku zonke futhi usiza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba kudingeka.
ULyle Hill, umongameli we-MTH, uthe i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinomsebenzi wokuvikela umdwebo we-ethereal phansi futhi ifake i-superstructure, bese ishisela amashidi kuwo futhi inikeze isihlabathi sokugcina nokupholisha, ngokuhlonishwa kwe-PSI Technical guide.Ukuqedwa komdwebo kusho ukulingana phakathi kobuciko nokusebenza;ithiyori kanye neqiniso;isikhathi esidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.
U-Lou Cerny, iphini likamongameli we-MTH kwezobunjiniyela kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi, uthe okumthakazelisa kakhulu ngalo msebenzi ukuhluka kwawo.” Ngokwazi kwethu, kunezinto ezenzekayo kulo msebenzi ezingakaze zenziwe ngaphambili, noma ezingakaze zicatshangelwe ngaphambili,” kusho uCerny.
Kodwa ukusebenza emsebenzini wokuqala wohlobo lwawo kudinga ubuhlakani obuvumelana nezimo endaweni ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinselele ezingalindelekile futhi kuphendule imibuzo ephakamayo njengoba umsebenzi uqhubeka:
Uwafaka kanjani amaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali angu-128 osayizi wemoto ku-superstructure ehlala njalo ngenkathi uwaphatha ngamagilavu ​​ezingane?Uwushisela kanjani ubhontshisi omkhulu omise okwe-arc ngaphandle kokuthembela kuwo?Ungangena kanjani endaweni yokushisela ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushisela ngaphakathi?Ungasifinyelela kanjani isibuko esiphelele sokushisela kwensimbi engagqwali uma insimbi ishayisa endaweni yokukhanyisa kuzokwenzekani?
Uphawu lokuqala lokuthi lokhu kuzoba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, uCerny wathi, kwakungesikhathi ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kuqala emishinini engamakhilogremu angu-30 000. Isakhiwo sensimbi esisekela umfanekiso.
Nakuba insimbi yesakhiwo enothe nge-zinc ehlinzekwe yi-PSI ukuze ihlanganise isisekelo sesakhiwo esingaphansi bekulula ukuyikhiqiza, isiza sesakhiwo esingaphansi sasibekwe uhhafu phezu kwendawo yokudlela nengxenye ngaphezu kwendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngasinye sisendaweni ehlukile.
"Ngakho-ke i-substructure ifana ne-cantilevered futhi i-rickety," kusho u-Cerny. "Lapho sibeka khona insimbi eningi, kuhlanganise nasekuqaleni komsebenzi wamapuleti ngokwawo, empeleni kwakudingeka sithole i-crane ukuthi ishayele emgodini wamamitha angu-5."
UCerny uthe basebenzise isistimu yokubambelela eqinile eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nesistimu yokulayisha kuqala esebenza ngomshini, efana nohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswa ezimayini zamalahle, namanye amahange amakhemikhali.Uma isakhiwo sensimbi sesigxilile kukhonkolo, kuyadingeka ukwakha i-superstructure lapho igobolondo lizoxhunywa khona.
"Saqala ukufaka isistimu ye-truss ngokusebenzisa ama-O-rings amabili amakhulu akhiwe nge-304 yensimbi engagqwali-enye ekugcineni enyakatho yesakhiwo futhi enye iseningizimu ekupheleni," kusho u-Cerny (bheka Umfanekiso 3) .Amasongo ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngama-tube trusses.
Ngakho kunesakhiwo esikhulu esingakaze sibonwe muntu;ngeyokwenza uhlaka lwesakhiwo kuphela,” kusho uCerny.
Naphezu kwemizamo engcono kakhulu yokuklama, ukwenza, ukwakha kanye nokufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zephrojekthi yase-Auckland, lesi sithombe esiqoshiwe asikaze sibe khona futhi ukwephula izindlela ezintsha njalo kuza nama-burrs nemihuzuko. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlanganisa umqondo wokukhiqiza wenkampani eyodwa nowomunye akulula njengokudlulisa izinduku.
"Ngenkathi ukuhlanganisa nokushisela kuhlelwe kusenesikhathi e-Oakland, izimo zangempela zesayithi zidinga ubuhlakani obuvumelana nezimo kuwo wonke umuntu," kusho uSilva." Futhi abasebenzi bezinyunyana bahle impela.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, inqubo yansuku zonke ye-MTH bekuwukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wosuku uhlanganisa ini kanye nendlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ezinye zezingxenye zokumisa uhlaka olungaphansi, kanye nama-struts, "ama-shock absorbers," izingalo, izikhonkwane, nezikhonkwane.Izinti ze-pogo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwesikhashana oluseceleni, kusho u-Er.
“Kuwuhlelo oluqhubekayo lokuklama nokukhiqiza ngokuphazima kweso ukuze kugcinwe izinto zihamba futhi zifinyelele esizeni ngokushesha.Sichitha isikhathi esiningi sihlela lokho esinakho, siklama kabusha futhi siklama kabusha kwezinye izimo, Bese sikhiqiza izingxenye ezidingekayo.
"Eqinisweni, sizoba nezinto eziyi-10 ngoLwesibili okufanele sizilethe esizeni ngoLwesithathu," kusho u-Hill.
"Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ezingxenye zokumiswa kwebhodi akhiwe noma alungiswa endaweni," kusho uCerny." Izikhathi ezimbalwa, sakha usuku lwamahora angama-24.Ngangiba sesitolo kuze kushaye u-2, 3 ekuseni, ngiye ekhaya ngiyogeza, ngithathe ngo-5:30 ekuseni, ngibe manzi te.”
Uhlelo lokumiswa kwesikhashana lwe-MTH lokuhlanganisa izindlu luqukethe iziphethu, ama-struts kanye nezintambo. Wonke amalunga phakathi kwamapuleti ahlanganiswe okwesikhashana ndawonye.
Baqala ngedome esisekelweni sesithombe esibaziwe se-omhalus - "inkaba yenkinobho yesisu".I-dome yayimiswe emikhondweni kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwesikhashana lokumiswa kwentwasahlobo olunamaphuzu amane oluhlanganisa iziphanyeko, izintambo neziphethu.U-Cerny uthe isiphethu sihlinzeka ngokuthi "yipha futhi uthathe" njengoba kunezelwa amabhodi amaningi.
Ibhodi ngalinye kulawa angu-168 linohlelo lwalo lokusekela intwasahlobo enamaphuzu amane ngakho lisekelwa umuntu ngamunye uma likhona.” Umbono awukona ukugcizelela kakhulu noma yimaphi amalunga ngoba lawo malungu ahlanganiswa ukuze kuzuzwe igebe elingu-0/0,” kusho uCerny.”
Njengobufakazi bokunemba komsebenzi we-PSI, umhlangano muhle kakhulu njengoba kunezikhala ezimbalwa. “I-PSI yenze umsebenzi oncomekayo wokwenza amaphaneli,” kusho u-Cerny.” Ngibanikeza lonke udumo ngoba ekugcineni, kufanelekile ngempela.I-fitout inhle ngempela, okuyinto enhle kimi.Siyakhuluma, ngokwezwi nezwi lezinkulungwane zamayintshi.Ipuleti libekwe Kunonqenqema oluvaliwe ndawonye."
"Lapho beqeda umhlangano, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi sekwenziwe," kusho uSilva, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthi ama-seams aqinile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezihlanganiswe ngokugcwele, kanye namapuleti okuqeda isibuko aphucuziwe kakhulu, avele adlala ukuze abonise indawo ezungezile.
Ukuqedwa kwe-Cloud Gate kwadingeka kumiswe ngesikhathi sokuvulwa okuhle kwepaki ekwindla ka-2004, ngakho u-omhalus wayeyi-GTAW ebukhoma, futhi lokho kwaqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa.
"Ungabona izindawo ezincane ezinsundu, okungamajoyinti athengiswayo e-TIG azungeze isakhiwo sonke," kusho uCerny."Siqale ukwakha kabusha amatende ngoJanuwari."
"Inselelo enkulu elandelayo yokukhiqiza yale phrojekthi kwakuwukushisela umthungo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba komumo ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-welding shrinkage," kusho uSilva.
Ukushisela i-Plasma kunikeza amandla adingekayo nokuqina okunengozi encane eshidini, kusho u-Cerny.Ingxube ye-argon engu-98%/2% ye-helium isebenza kangcono kakhulu ekwehliseni ukungcola kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana.
Abashiseli basebenzisa izindlela zokushisela ze-keyhole plasma besebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-Thermal Arc® kanye nemihlangano ekhethekile kagandaganda nethoshi ethuthukiswe futhi esetshenziswa yi-PSI.