Inothi Lomhleli: I-Pharmaceutical Online iyakuthokozela ukwethula lesi sihloko esinezingxenye ezine mayelana ne-orbital welding of bioprocess piping nguchwepheshe wemboni u-Barbara Henon we-Arc Machines. Lesi sihloko sithathwe esethulweni sikaDkt. Henon engqungqutheleni ye-ASME ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule.
Vimbela ukulahleka kokumelana nokugqwala. Amanzi ahlanzekile aphakeme njenge-DI noma i-WFI ayizwi elinamandla kakhulu lensimbi engagqwali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WFI yezinga lezemithi ihanjiswa ngamabhayisikili ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (80°C) ukuze kugcinwe ubunyumba. Kunomehluko ocashile phakathi kokwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngokwanele ukusekela izinto eziphilayo ezikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu eyingozi kakhulu futhi kubangele ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu eyingozi kakhulu. ngokugqwala kwezingxenye zesistimu yamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali.Ukungcola kanye ne-iron oxides kungase kube izingxenye eziyinhloko, kodwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi, i-chromium ne-nickel zingase zibe khona.Ukuba khona kwe-rouge kuyabulala kweminye imikhiqizo futhi ukuba khona kwayo kungase kubangele ukugqwala okuqhubekayo, nakuba ukuba khona kwayo kwezinye izinhlelo kubonakala kungenabungozi.
Ukushisela kungaba nomthelela omubi ukumelana nokugqwala. Umbala oshisayo uwumphumela wezinto ezifakwa kwi-oxidizing ezifakwe kuma-welds kanye nama-HAZ ngesikhathi sokushisela, kuyingozi kakhulu, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwe-rouge ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezekhemisi.Ukwakheka kwe-Chromium oxide kungabangela i-tint eshisayo, kushiye ngemuva ungqimba oluncibilikayo lwe-chromium nokususwa kombala we-chromium oncibilikayo. ukususa insimbi ebusweni, okuhlanganisa isendlalelo esingaphansi kwe-chromium-ecishiwe, nokubuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala kumazinga aseduze namazinga ensimbi ayisisekelo.Nokho, ukuqoqa nokugaya kuyingozi ekuqedeni okungaphezulu.Ukwenziwa kwesistimu yamapayipi nge-nitric acid noma ukwakheka kwe-ejenti ye-chelating kwenziwa ukuze kunqobe imiphumela emibi ye-welding kanye nokwakhiwa kwendwangu ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kwe-electron kuhlelo lokusabalalisa kungase kubonise ukuthi i-electron yokusabalalisa ingashintsha uhlelo lwe-piping. we-oksijini, i-chromium, insimbi, i-nickel ne-manganese eyenzeka endaweni yokushisela kanye nokushisa endaweni ethintekile ukuya esimweni sangaphambi kokushisela.Nokho, ukudlula kuthinta kuphela ungqimba lwangaphandle futhi akungeni ngaphansi kwama-angstrom angu-50, kuyilapho umbala oshisayo unganweba ama-angstrom angu-1000 noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufakwe amapayipi angagqwali eduze nama-substrates angahlanganisiwe, kubalulekile ukuzama ukukhawulela ukulimala okushisela kanye nokwenziwa emazingeni angabuyiselwa kakhulu ngokudlula. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yokuhlanza enokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo omncane futhi ilethwe kububanzi bangaphakathi bejoyinti elishiselwe ngaphandle kokungcoliswa komswakama womoya futhi sigweme ukulawulwa komswakama womkhathi futhi sigweme ukulawulwa komoya-mpilo. vimbela ukulahlekelwa ukumelana nokugqwala.Ukulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuzuzwe ukushiselwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu okuphindaphindwayo nokungaguquguquki, kanye nokuphathwa ngokucophelela kwamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kanye nezingxenye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuvimbela ukungcola, kuyizidingo ezibalulekile zesistimu yamapayipi ekhwalithi ephezulu emelana nokugqwala futhi inikeza isevisi ekhiqizayo yesikhathi eside.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ye-biopharmaceutical ehlanzekile kakhulu ziye zaba nenguquko ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokugqwala kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Insimbi engagqwali eningi eyasetshenziswa ngaphambi kuka-1980 kwakuyinsimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngoba yayingabizi kakhulu futhi ithuthuke ngaphezu kwethusi elalisetshenziswa ngaphambili. , futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile kokushisa ngaphambi nangemva kokuthunyelwa.
Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316 ekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi okuhlanzeka okuphezulu kuye kwanda.Uhlobo lwe-316 lufana nokubunjwa kohlobo lwe-304, kodwa ngaphezu kwezakhi ze-chromium ne-nickel alloying ezivamile kuzo zombili, i-316 iqukethe cishe u-2% we-molybdenum, othuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwe-316's 316's okubhekiselwe ku-3L's 3L's "6L" kanye nohlobo lwe-6L okubhekiselwe ku-6L. amabanga, anokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kunamabanga ajwayelekile (0.035% vs. 0.08%).Lokhu kwehliswa kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuhloswe ukunciphisa inani lemvula ye-carbide engase yenzeke ngenxa yokushisela.Lokhu ukwakheka kwe-chromium carbide, eqeda imingcele yokusanhlamvu ye-chromium base metal, okwenza kube susceptible. incike kuzinga lokushisa futhi iyinkinga enkulu uma i-soldering ngesandla.Sibonise ukuthi i-orbital welding ye-super-austenitic stainless stainless steel AL-6XN inikeza ama-welds angagqwali amaningi kunama-weld afanayo awenziwe ngesandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushisela kwe-orbital kunikeza ukulawula okunembile kwe-amperage, pulsation kanye nesikhathi, okuholela ekushiseni okuphansi nokungaphezulu kwe-welding ekushiseni okulinganayo okungu-3 kanye nenhlanganisela ye-3 L ehlanganisiwe yokushisa noma engu-4 yenhlanganisela yokushisa engu-3 L iqeda imvula ye-carbide njengesici ekwakhiweni kokugqwala ezinhlelweni zamapayipi.
Ukushintshashintsha kokushisa kuya kokushisa kwensimbi engagqwali.Nakuba amapharamitha wokushisela nezinye izici zingagcinwa ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuqinile, kusenomehluko kokokufaka kokushisa okudingekayo ukuze kushiswe insimbi engagqwali ukusuka ekushiseni kuye ekushiseni.Inombolo yokushisa iyinombolo yenkatho eyabelwe ukuncibilika kwensimbi engagqwali ethile efekthri.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuqondile kweqoqo ngalinye kuqoshwa nge-iron batch i-Pudent irekhodwa nge-iron batch i-Pudent irekhodwa nge-iron metal i-injini yokushisa i-FaltTreat i-injini yokushisa. ku-1538°C (2800°F), kuyilapho izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe zincibilika phakathi kwebanga lokushisa, kuye ngohlobo nokugxiliswa kwengxubevange ngayinye noma isici sokulandelela esikhona.Njengoba kungekho ukushisa okubili kwensimbi engagqwali okuzoqukatha ukugxiliswa okufanayo kwesici ngasinye, izici zokushisela zizohluka kusuka esithandweni somlilo kuya esithandweni.
I-SEM ye-316L yamapayipi e-orbital welds epayipini le-AOD (phezulu) kanye nempahla ye-EBR (phansi) ibonise umehluko omkhulu ekusheleleni kobuhlalu bokushisela.
Nakuba inqubo ye-welding eyodwa ingase isebenze ekushiseni okuningi okufana ne-OD nokuqina kodonga, ukushisa okunye kudinga i-amperage encane futhi okunye kudinga i-amperage ephakeme kunokuvamile.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukushisa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene endaweni yomsebenzi kufanele kulandelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.Ngokuvamile, ukushisa okusha kudinga ushintsho oluncane kuphela ku-amperage ukuze kuzuzwe inqubo yokushisela eyanelisayo.
Inkinga yesibabule.I-Elemental sulfur ukungcola okuhlobene nensimbi ekhishwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwensimbi.Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-AISI ezingu-304 nezingu-316 zicaciswa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule okungu-0.030%.Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zesimanje zokucwenga insimbi, njenge-Argon Oxygen Decarburization (Acuum melcum) kanye ne-Acuum melting Practice I-Arc Remelting (VIM+VAR), isikwazi ukukhiqiza izinsimbi ezikhetheke kakhulu ngezindlela ezilandelayo.ukwakheka kwazo kwamakhemikhali.Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izakhiwo ze-weld pool ziyashintsha lapho okuqukethwe kwesibabule sensimbi kungaphansi cishe kuka-0.008%.Lokhu kubangelwa umphumela wesulfure futhi ngokwezinga elincane ezinye izakhi ku-coefficient yokushisa ye-surface pool ye-fluid enquma ukugeleza kwe-liquid pool.
Ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu zesibabule (0.001% - 0.003%), ukungena kwe-weld puddle kuba banzi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela okufanayo okwenziwe ezintweni eziqukethe isibabule esimaphakathi.Amapayipi enziwe ngepayipi lensimbi engenasici esibabule esiphansi azoba nokushisela okubanzi, kuyilapho epayipini eliwugqinsi odongeni (0.065 amayintshi, noma 0.065 amayintshi, noma 1.66 mm) ukuthambekela kokwenza ukushisela kuzoba khona. kwanele ukukhiqiza i-weld engena ngokugcwele.Lokhu kwenza izinto ezinokuqukethwe kwesibabule esiphansi kakhulu kube nzima kakhulu ukushisela, ikakhulukazi ngezindonga eziwugqinsi.Ekugcineni okuphezulu kwe-sulphur concentration ku-304 noma 316 insimbi engagqwali, ubuhlalu be-weld buvame ukuba uketshezi oluncane ngokubukeka futhi lube mahle kunezinto zesulfure eziphakathi nendawo.Ngakho-ke, ngokushisela, i-weldability, okuqukethwe okufanelekile okungaba ngu-0% kuya ku-0% yesulfure cishe ku-0,00 kuya ku-00. ku-ASTM A270 S2 yamashubhu ekhwalithi yezemithi.
Abakhiqizi bepayipi lensimbi engagqwali ele-electropolished baqaphele ukuthi ngisho namazinga amaphakathi esibabule ku-316 noma 316L ensimbi engenasici akwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesemiconductor yabo kanye namakhasimende e-biopharmaceutical ezindaweni zangaphakathi ezibushelelezi, ezingenamgodi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-electron microscopy yokuskena ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubushelelezi bendawo yensimbi engagqwali noma i-manganelic eyandayo kusisekelo sokufakwa kwensimbi. I-se sulfide (MnS) “izintambo” ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokupholishwa ngogesi futhi zishiye i-voids ebangeni le-micron engu-0.25-1.0.
Abakhiqizi kanye nabaphakeli bamashubhu asebekhulile bashayela imakethe babheke ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zabo ze-sulfur eziphansi ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zokugcina, njengasezinciphisweni ezingezona ze-electropholions zisuswa ngokuhamba ngezindawo zokuphamba kwamapayipi.Sonkaniso Izinto zokwakha "zokuhlanza".
Ukuchezuka kwe-arc.Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukushisela kwensimbi engagqwali, ukuba khona kwesinye isibabule nakho kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi nabakhiqizi bathambekele ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha ekugcineni kwebanga lokuqukethwe kwesibabule esibaluliwe.Amashubhu okushisela anezinga eliphansi kakhulu lesulfure ekufakweni, ama-valve noma amanye amashubhu anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesulfure ngenxa yokuthi i-sulfur encibilikisiwe ene-sulfur ingadala izinkinga ze-sulfur encibilikayo. kwenzeka, ukungena kuba kujula ohlangothini lwesulfure ephansi kunasohlangothini lwesibabule esiphezulu, okuphambene nalokho okwenzekayo lapho amapayipi okushisela ane-sulfur concentrations ehambisanayo.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ubuhlalu be-weld bungangena ngokuphelele ezintweni eziphansi-sulphur futhi zishiye ingaphakathi le-weld lingagxiliwe ngokuphelele (Fihey ne-Simeneau, i-oda lokuqukethwe kwe-sulfur ye-sulfur ye-192 ye-sulfur yokuqukethwe kwe-sulfur 192). penter Steel Division of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania yethule isulfure ephansi (0.005% max) 316 bar stock (Uhlobo 316L-SCQ) (VIM+VAR) ) yokwakhiwa kwezinto zokufakwa nezinye izinto ezihloselwe ukushiselwa emapayipini esulfure aphansi.
Ukushintshela ekusetshenzisweni kwamashubhu anesulfure ephansi kudalwe kakhulu isidingo sokuthola izindawo ezibushelelezi zeshubhu yangaphakathi ene-electropolished. Nakuba ukuqedwa kwangaphezulu kanye ne-electropolishing kubalulekile kuzo zombili imboni ye-semiconductor kanye nemboni ye-biotech/pharmaceutical, i-SEMI, lapho kubhalwa ukucaciswa kwemboni ye-semiconductor, kucaciswe ukuthi ishubhu engu-316L ye-survey ye-process gas 0% imigqa yokusebenza kwe-sulfum, i-sur00000000000000000000000000000% wamandla e-sulfface. ngakolunye uhlangothi, balungise ukucaciswa kwabo kwe-ASTM 270 ukuze kufake amashubhu ebanga lezemithi elikhawulela okuqukethwe kwesulfure ebangeni lika-0.005 kuya ku-0.017%.Lokhu kufanele kuphumele ebunzimeni bokushisela obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sulfur ebangeni eliphansi. ukushisa kwempahla bese uhlola ngaphambi kokwenza i-Solder ukuhambisana phakathi kokushisa.Ukukhiqizwa kwama-welds.
ezinye izakhi zokulandelela.Izakhi zokulandelela ezihlanganisa isulfure, umoya-mpilo, i-aluminium, i-silicon ne-manganese kutholakale ukuthi kunomthelela ekungeneni.Landelela amanani e-aluminium, i-silicon, i-calcium, i-titanium ne-chromium ekhona kusisekelo sensimbi njengoba i-oxide inclusions ihlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwe-slag ngesikhathi sokushisela.
Imithelela yezakhi ezihlukahlukene iyanqwabelana, ngakho ukuba khona komoyampilo kungaqeda eminye yemiphumela ephansi yesibabule.Amazinga aphezulu e-aluminium angamelana nomthelela omuhle ekungeneni kwesibabule.I-Manganese iyashintshashintsha ekushiseleni izinga lokushisa bese ifakwa endaweni ethinteke ekushiseleni.Lawa madiphozi e-manganese ahlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa kokubola kwe-corrosion, imboni ye-Semicondu7 ephansi manje ye-manganese7). ngisho ne-ultra-low manganese 316L izinto zokuvimbela lokhu kulahlekelwa kokumelana nokugqwala.
Ukwakheka kwe-slag.Iziqhingi ze-Slag zivela ngezikhathi ezithile kubuhlalu bensimbi engagqwali kwezinye ukushisa.Lokhu kuyinkinga ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izinguquko kumapharamitha wokushisela zinganciphisa lokhu, noma izinguquko kungxube ye-argon/hydrogen zingathuthukisa i-weld.U-Pollard uthole ukuthi isilinganiso se-aluminium ne-silicon kusisekelo sensimbi sithinta ukwakheka kwe-slag okungagunyaziwe. .010% kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-silicon ku-0.5%.Nokho, uma isilinganiso se-Al/Si singaphezu kwaleli zinga, i-spherical slag ingase yakheke esikhundleni sohlobo lwe-plaque.Lolu hlobo lwe-slag lungashiya imigodi ngemva kokupholishwa kwe-electropolishing, okungamukeleki ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.Iziqhingi ze-Slag ezakha ku-OD ye-weld yokushisela kungabangela ukungalingani kwe-ID ku-ID ye-penet penet. ld ubuhlalu bungase bube sengozini yokugqwala.
I-weld ye-run eyodwa ene-pulsation.I-standard othomathikhi ye-obital tube welding iyi-weld pass eyodwa ene-pulsed current kanye nokujikeleza kwesivinini okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo.Le ndlela ifanele ipayipi elinamadayamitha angaphandle ukusuka ku-1/8" kuya cishe ku-7" kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-0.083" nangaphansi.Ngemva kokuncishiswa kwe-timed of the timed of the timed of the pulsed current and continuous constant speed rotation.Le ndlela ifanelekele ipayipi elinamadayamitha angaphandle ukusuka ku-1/8" kuya cishe ku-7" kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-0.083" nangaphansi.Ngemva kokuncishiswa kwe-timed of the timed of the timed of the pulsed current and okuqhubekayo isivinini rotation. ikhona kodwa akukho ukuzungezisa okwenzekayo.Ngemva kwalokhu kubambezeleka kokujikeleza, i-electrode izungeza ijoyinti ye-weld kuze kube yilapho i-weld ijoyina noma idlula ingxenye yokuqala ye-weld ngesikhathi songqimba lokugcina lwe-welding.Lapho uxhumano seluphelile, lamanje licisha ngokudonsa okunesikhathi.
Imodi yesinyathelo (i-welding "evunyelanisiwe"). Ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziqinile ezinodonga, ngokuvamile okukhulu kuno-0.083 intshi, umthombo wamandla we-fusion welding ungasetshenziswa kumodi yokuvumelanisa noma yesinyathelo.Kumodi yokuvumelanisa noma yesinyathelo, i-pulse yamanje yokushisela ivumelaniswa nokushaywa, ngakho-ke i-rotor imile ukuze ingene okuphezulu phakathi nezikhathi zokuthinta okuphansi zamanje, sebenzisa amasu amanje aphansi. ngokohlelo lwemizuzwana engu-0.5 kuye ku-1.5, uma kuqhathaniswa neshumi noma lekhulu lesikhathi sokushaya kwesibili kokushisela okujwayelekile. Le nqubo ingashisela ngempumelelo u-0.154″ noma 6″ awugqinsi ongu-40 gauge 40 odongeni oluncane lwepayipi ngo-0.154″ noma 6″ ″ noma u-6″ owenziwe ngodonga ukuze wenze izingxenye eziwusizo zepayipi le-welerre ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziwusizo ze-welerreld. ukufakwa emapayipini lapho kungase kube khona umehluko ekubekezeleni kobukhulu, ukungaqondi kahle okuthile noma ukungahambelani kwe-thermal.Lolu hlobo lokushisela ludinga cishe kabili isikhathi se-arc sokushisela okujwayelekile futhi alufaneleki kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ultra-high-purity (UHP) ngenxa yobubanzi, umthungo omahhadlahhadla.
Okuguquguqukayo okuhlelekayo.Isizukulwane samanje semithombo yamandla okushisela yizinhlelo ze-microprocessor-based kanye nesitolo ezicacisa amanani ezinombolo zamapharamitha wokushisela we-diameter ethile (OD) nokuqina kodonga lwepayipi okufanele lishiselwe, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokuhlanza, i-welding current, isivinini sokuhamba (RPM) ), inani lezendlalelo kanye nesikhathi isendlalelo ngasinye, isikhathi se-pulse, isikhathi sokwehla, njll. i-llation amplitude nesikhathi sokuhlala, i-AVC (i-arc voltage control ukuze inikeze igebe le-arc njalo), kanye ne-upslope.Ukwenza i-fusion welding, faka ikhanda le-welding nge-electrode efanele kanye ne-pipe clamp efaka ukufakwa kwipayipi futhi ukhumbule isimiso sokushisela noma uhlelo olusuka kumemori yomthombo wamandla.Ukulandelana kwe-welding kuqala ngokucindezela inkinobho noma ukhiye we-membrane we-opharetha futhi ukungenelela kuyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokungenelela.
Okuguquguqukayo okungahleleki.Ukuthola ikhwalithi yokushisela eqhubekayo, imingcele yokushisela kufanele ilawulwe ngokucophelela.Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokunemba komthombo wamandla wokushisela nohlelo lokushisela, okuyisethi yemiyalo efakwe emthonjeni wamandla, ehlanganisa imingcele yokushisela, yokushisela usayizi othize wepayipi noma ipayipi.Kumelwe futhi kube nesimiso esisebenzayo sokulawula ukushisela kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo oluthile lokushisela ukushisela kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga elithile lokushisela kufanele libe nesimiso esisebenzayo sokulawula kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisela le-welding lingena emthonjeni wamandla. i-lding ihlangabezana nezindinganiso okuvunyelwene ngazo.Nokho, izici ezithile kanye nezinqubo ngaphandle kwemingcele yokushisela kufanele futhi zilawulwe ngokucophelela.Lezi zici zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokulungisa ukuphela okuhle, imikhuba emihle yokuhlanza nokuphatha, ukubekezelelana okuhle kwe-dimensional ye-tubing noma ezinye izingxenye ezishiselwe, uhlobo lwe-tungsten olungaguquki nobukhulu, amagesi angenayo ahlanzekile kakhulu, kanye nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa.
Izidingo zokulungiselela zokushisela ukuphela kwepayipi zibaluleke kakhulu ekushiseleni kwe-orbital kunokushisela okwenziwa ngesandla.Amalunga ashiselwe ukushisela ipayipi le-orbital ngokuvamile amajoyinti ezinqenqema zesikwele.Ukufeza ukuphindaphinda okufiswayo ekushiseleni kwe-orbital, okunembile, okungaguquguquki, ukulungiswa kokuphela komshini kuyadingeka.Njengoba amandla okushisela ancike ekugqinsileni kodonga, iziphetho kufanele zibe isikwele zingenawo ama-burrs ku-ID noma i-bevel ID.
Iziphetho zepayipi kufanele zihlangane ndawonye ekhanda lokushisela ukuze kungabikho igebe elibonakalayo phakathi kweziphetho ze-square butt joint.Nakuba amalunga ashiselwe anezikhala ezincane angafezwa, izinga le-weld lingase lithinteke kabi.Uma igebe likhulu, kungenzeka kube nenkinga.Ukuhlangana okungalungile kungabangela ukwehluleka okuphelele kwe-soldering. afana nalawo enziwe i-Protem, i-Wachs, nabanye, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amashisela e-orbital abushelelezi afanele umshini .Amasaha, ama-hacksaw, ama-band nama-tubing cutters awafanele le njongo.
Ngokungeziwe kumapharamitha wokushisela afaka amandla okufaka ukushisela, kunezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekushiseleni, kodwa aziyona ingxenye yenqubo yokushisela.Lokhu kuhlanganisa uhlobo nosayizi we-tungsten, uhlobo nokuhlanzeka kwegesi esetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-arc kanye nokuhlanza ingaphakathi lejoyinti lokushisela, izinga lokugeleza kwegesi elisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ikhanda kanye nomthombo wocingo olusetshenziswayo, noma yiluphi uhlobo lomthombo wocingo olusetshenziswayo, ukucutshungulwa kocingo kanye nolunye uhlobo olusetshenziswayo. Okuguquguqukayo "okungahleleki" futhi uzirekhode kushejuli yokushisela.Isibonelo, uhlobo lwegesi lubhekwa njengento eguquguqukayo ebalulekile ku-Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) ukuze izinqubo zokushisela zihambisane ne-ASME Section IX Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.Izinguquko kuhlobo lwegesi noma amaphesenti engxube yegesi, noma ukuqedwa kokuhlanzwa kwe-ID yenqubo yokushisela kudinga ukuvuselelwa kabusha.
igesi yokushisela.Insimbi engagqwali imelana ne-oxidation ye-oksijini emkhathini ekamelweni lokushisa.Lapho ishiselwa endaweni yayo yokuncibilika (1530°C noma 2800°F ngensimbi ehlanzekile) ifakwa i-oxidized kalula.I-inert argon isetshenziswa kakhulu njengegesi evikelayo kanye nokuhlanza amalunga ashiselwe angaphakathi ahlanganisiwe ku-oxygen ye-GTA ngenqubo ye-oxygen noma i-gabital. Ukushintsha umbala okubangelwa i-dation okwenzeka endaweni noma eduze kwe-weld ngemva kokushisela. Uma igesi yokuhlanza ingeyona eyekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu noma uma isistimu yokuhlanza ingavuzi ngokuphelele kangangokuthi inani elincane lomoya livuza ohlelweni lokuhlanza, i-oxidation ingaba yi-teal ekhanyayo noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yiqiniso, akukho ukuhlanzwa okuzoholela ekuhlanganiseni okuluhlaza okumnyama okubizwa ngokuthi "i-linded cylide" evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-9linded cylide". 996-99.997% okuhlanzekile, kuye ngomphakeli, futhi iqukethe u-5-7 ppm we-oxygen nokunye ukungcola, okuhlanganisa i-H2O, O2, CO2, ama-hydrocarbons, njll., ngengqikithi engu-40 ppm ubukhulu.I-argon yobumsulwa obuphezulu kusilinda noma i-argon ye-liquid ku-Dewar9m9109 okumsulwa okumsulwa okungama-9192% okumsulwa okuphelele okungama-9109% ppm oxygen.QAPHELA: Izihlanzi zegesi ezifana ne-Nanochem noma i-Gatekeeper zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlanza ukuze kuncishiswe amazinga okungcola ezingxenyeni zebanga ngalinye lebhiliyoni (ppb).
ukwakheka okuxubile.Izingxube zegesi ezifana no-75% we-helium/25% we-argon kanye no-95% we-argon/5% we-hydrogen angasetshenziswa njengamagesi okuvikela ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile.Lezi zingxube ezimbili zikhiqize amashisela ashisayo kunalawo ayenziwe ngaphansi kwezilungiselelo zohlelo olufanayo njenge-argon.Izingxube ze-Helium zifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukungena okuphezulu ngokushisela i-fusion embonini ye-semicondushi yensimbi njenge-hydrogen acondshictorate consultant. amagesi e-olding for UHP applications.Izingxube zeHydrogen zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa, kodwa futhi kukhona nezinkinga ezingathi sína.Inzuzo ukuthi ikhiqiza idamu elimanzi kanye nendawo yokushisela ebushelelezi, elungele ukusebenzisa amasistimu okulethwa kwegesi anomfutho ophezulu we-ultra-high abushelelezi endaweni engaphakathi ngangokunokwenzeka.Ukuba khona kwe-hydrogen kunikeza umoya onciphisayo, ngakho-ke uma iminonjana ye-oksijini ehlanzekile ibukeka ku-gasld disc efana ne-gaslol ibukeka ibukeka ihlanzekile kune-gasolo i-argon emsulwa.Lo mphumela ulungile cishe ku-5% okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen.Abanye basebenzisa ingxube ye-argon/hydrogen engu-95/5% njengendlela yokuhlanza i-ID ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwe-weld bead yangaphakathi.
Ubuhlalu obushiselayo obusebenzisa ingxube ye-hydrogen njengoba igesi evikelayo iyincane, ngaphandle kokuthi insimbi engagqwali inokuqukethwe kwesibabule esincane kakhulu futhi ikhiqiza ukushisa okuningi ekushiseleni kunesimo esifanayo samanje esine-argon engaxutshiwe. Ububi obuphawulekayo bezingxube ze-argon/hydrogen ukuthi i-arc ayizinzi kangako kune-argon ehlanzekile, futhi kungabangela i-arc toft eqinile ngokwanele ukuba kube ne-arc toft. iyanyamalala uma kusetshenziswa umthombo wegesi oxubile ohlukile, okuphakamisa ukuthi ingase ibangelwe ukungcola noma ukuxubana okungalungile.Ngenxa yokuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwa i-arc kuyahlukahluka nokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen, ukugxilisa okungapheli kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukushisela okuphindaphindiwe, futhi kunomehluko kugesi wamabhodlela oxutshwe ngaphambili.Okunye okungalungile ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila se-tungsten i-hydrogen ingxube ye-tungsten iba mfushane kakhulu lapho i-tungsten i-hydrogeno esetshenziswayo ifinyezwa kakhulu lapho i-tungsten iyancipha i-tungsten i-gastric. s ayikanqunywa, kuye kwabikwa ukuthi i-arc inzima kakhulu futhi i-tungsten ingase idinge ukushintshwa ngemva kokushisela okukodwa noma okubili.Izingxube ze-Argon/hydrogen azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela i-carbon steel noma i-titanium.
Isici esihlukanisayo senqubo ye-TIG ukuthi ayiwadli ama-electrode.I-Tungsten inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme kunawo wonke lanoma iyiphi insimbi (6098°F; 3370°C) futhi iyi-electron emitter enhle, eyenza ifaneleke ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa njenge-electrode engadleki.Izakhiwo zayo zithuthukiswa ngokungeza u-2% wezinto ezithile ezingavamile zomhlaba oxides ezifana ne-lanthaum oxides kanye ne-turc oxide eqala ukuthuthuka njenge-lantharium yokuqala noma i-turc oxide. I-ngsten ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ku-GTAW ngenxa yezakhiwo eziphakeme ze-cerium tungsten, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GTAW ezijikelezayo.
Ama-electrode anombala opholishiwe anobukhulu obufanayo.Indawo ebushelelezi ihlale ithandeka endaweni emagebhugebhu noma engahambisani, njengoba ukuhambisana kwe-electrode geometry kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela engaguquguquki, yokushisela okufanayo.Ama-electron aphuma esihlokweni (DCEN) adlulisa ukushisa kusuka kuphuzu le-tungsten kuya endaweni yokushisela. kubalulekile ukugaya ngomshini ithiphu le-electrode ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphindaphindwa kwejiyomethri ye-tungsten kanye nokuphindaphinda kwe-weld.Ithiphu elibuthuntu liphoqa i-arc ukusuka ekushiseleni iye endaweni efanayo ku-tungsten.Ububanzi bethiphu bulawula ukuma kwe-arc kanye nenani lokungena endaweni ethile yamanje.I-engeli ye-taper ithinta izici zamanje / ze-voltage ze-arc ebalulekile ye-arc kanye nobude okwaziwayo kufanele bucaciswe ubude be-arc ne-tungled. esetshenziselwa ukusetha igebe le-arc.Igebe le-arc lenani elithile lamanje linquma i-voltage futhi ngaleyo ndlela amandla asetshenziswa ekushiseleni.
Usayizi we-electrode kanye nobubanzi bethiphu kukhethwa ngokuvumelana nokuqina kwamanje kokushisela.Uma i-current iphakeme kakhulu ku-electrode noma ichopho layo, ingase ilahlekelwe insimbi kusukela ekugcineni, futhi ukusebenzisa ama-electrode anobubanzi bethiphu obukhulu kakhulu okwamanje kungase kubangele ukukhukhuleka kwe-arc. esetshenziswa nama-electrode angu-0.040″ ububanzi bokushisela Izingxenye zokunemba ezincane.Ngokuphindaphindwa kwenqubo yokushisela, uhlobo lwe-tungsten nokuqeda, ubude, i-taper angle, ububanzi, i-tip diameter kanye negebe le-arc kufanele kucaciswe futhi kulawulwe.Ngokwezicelo zokushisela amashubhu, i-cerium tungsten ihlale ituswa ngoba lolu hlobo lunokuphila kwesevisi ende kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo futhi lunezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-non-igradiosten ye-turc igradio.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela uthinte u-Barbara Henon, Umphathi Wokushicilelwa Kwezobuchwepheshe, Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331.Ifoni: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.