UMB: Muva nje siqale ukwenza umsebenzi othile odinga ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali yebanga lama-304, eshiselwe yona ngokwayo futhi ibe yinsimbi ethambile.
IMP: Lona umbuzo omuhle.Yebo, singakusiza uqonde ukuthi isibalo esiphansi se-ferrite sisho ukuthini nokuthi singavinjelwa kanjani.
Okokuqala, ake sibuyekeze incazelo yensimbi engagqwali (SS) nokuthi i-ferrite ihlobana kanjani namajoyinti ashiselwe.Insimbi emnyama nama-alloys aqukethe i-iron engaphezu kuka-50%.Lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke i-carbon nensimbi engagqwali namanye amaqembu achaziwe.I-Aluminium, ithusi ne-titanium aziqukethe insimbi, ngakho ziyizibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zama-alloys angenayo insimbi.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zale alloy insimbi ye-carbon enensimbi okungenani engu-90% kanye ne-SS ene-70 kuya ku-80% yensimbi. Ukuze ichazwe njenge-SS, kufanele ibe ne-chromium okungenani engu-11.5%.Amazinga e-Chromium ngaphezu kwalo mkhawulo omncane akhuthaza ukwakheka kwamafilimu e-chromium oxide ezindaweni zensimbi futhi avimbele ukuhlasela kwe-oxidation yamakhemikhali okubangelwa i-oxidation ye-oxid.
I-SS ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ngamaqembu amathathu: i-austenite, i-ferrite ne-martensite.Igama labo livela esakhiweni sekristalu yegumbi-izinga lokushisa elibenza baphakame.Elinye iqembu elivamile yi-duplex SS, okuyibhalansi phakathi kwe-ferrite ne-austenite esakhiweni se-crystal.
Amamaki e-Austenitic, uchungechunge lwama-300, aqukethe u-16% kuya ku-30% we-chromium kanye ne-nickel engu-8% kuya ku-40%, akha isakhiwo se-crystal e-austenitic. ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle;ngokuyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukudla, isevisi yamakhemikhali, izicelo zemithi kanye ne-cryogenic.Ukulawula ukwakheka kwe-ferrite kunikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokushisa okuphansi.
I-Ferritic SS iyibanga lochungechunge elingu-400 elinozibuthe ngokugcwele, liqukethe i-chromium engu-11.5% ukuya ku-30%, futhi inokwakheka kwekristalu evundile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwe-ferrite, iziqinisi zifaka i-chromium, i-silicon, i-molybdenum, ne-niobium ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza insimbi. zonke izinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo zingu-405, 409, 430 kanye no-446.
Amamaki e-Martensitic, aphinde ahlonzwa ngochungechunge lwe-400 njenge-403, 410 kanye ne-440, ayizibuthe, aqukethe i-chromium engu-11.5% kuya ku-18%, futhi ane-martensite njengesakhiwo sekristalu.Le nhlanganisela inokuqukethwe kwegolide okuphansi kakhulu, okubenza bangabizi kakhulu ukukhiqiza.Banikeza ukumelana nokugqwala;amandla amahle kakhulu;futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ku-tableware, amazinyo kanye nezinto zokuhlinza, i-cookware, nezinhlobo ezithile zamathuluzi.
Uma ushisela i-SS, uhlobo lwe-substrate kanye nesicelo sayo esisenkonzweni kuzonquma insimbi yokugcwalisa efanele okufanele isetshenziswe.Uma usebenzisa inqubo yokuvikela igesi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile ukuvikela izingxube zegesi ukuvimbela izinkinga ezithile ezihlobene nokushisela.
Ukuze uthengise i-304 ngokwayo, uzodinga i-electrode E308/308L.I-"L" imele i-carbon ephansi, esiza ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-intergranular.Lawa ma-electrode anokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngaphansi kuka-0.03%;noma yini engenhla kwalokhu kwandisa ingozi yokudonswa kwekhabhoni emingceleni yokusanhlamvu futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-chromium yakhe i-chromium carbides, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi.Lokhu kuba sobala uma ukugqwala kwenzeka endaweni ethinteke ekushiseni (HAZ) yamajoyinti ashiselwe e-SS.Okunye ukucatshangelwa kwamazinga okushisa aphakeme e-SS esezingeni eliphansi kunamazinga okushisa aphansi e-SS ukuthi anamazinga okushisa aphakeme aphansi we-SS.
Njengoba i-304 iwuhlobo lwe-austenitic lwe-SS, insimbi ye-weld ehambisanayo izoqukatha iningi le-austenite.Nokho, i-electrode ngokwayo izoqukatha i-ferrite stabilizer, njenge-molybdenum, ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-ferrite ku-metal weld. kusukela ekufakweni ensimbi yokushisela.
Izinombolo ze-Ferrite zithathwe kumdwebo we-Schaeffler kanye nomdwebo we-WRC-1992, osebenzisa amafomula alinganayo e-nickel ne-chromium ukuze abale inani, okuthi uma lidwetshwe kumdwebo likhiphe inombolo evamile.noma kunjalo, ngamaphesenti aphezulu, inombolo ye-ferrite ikhula ngesivinini esisheshayo.Khumbula ukuthi i-ferrite ku-SS ayifani ne-carbon steel ferrite, kodwa isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi i-delta ferrite.I-Austenitic SS ayinakho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esihambisana nezinqubo zokushisa eziphezulu ezifana nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Ukwakheka kwe-ferrite kuyinto efiselekayo ngoba i-ductile kakhulu kune-austenite, kodwa kufanele ilawulwe. Izibalo eziphansi ze-ferrite zingakhiqiza ama-welds anokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa athambekele kakhulu ekuqhekekeni okushisayo ngesikhathi sokushisela. .
Njengoba ushilo ukuthi unezinkinga zokuqhekeka kanye nenani eliphansi le-ferrite, udinga ukubhekisisa insimbi yakho yokugcwalisa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ikhiqiza inani elanele le-ferrite - cishe u-8 kufanele usize.Futhi, uma usebenzisa i-flux cored arc welding (FCAW), lezi zinsimbi zokugcwalisa ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-100% i-carbon dioxide shielding gas noma i-725% engase ibangele i-carbon dioxide phezulu. ukushintshela kunqubo ye-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) futhi usebenzise ingxube ye-98% ye-argon/2% ye-oxygen ukuze kuncishiswe ithuba lokuthatha ikhabhoni.
Ukushisela i-SS ku-carbon steel kufanele usebenzise impahla yokugcwalisa i-E309L.Le nsimbi yokugcwalisa isetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukushisela izinsimbi ezingafani futhi yakha inani elithile le-ferrite ngemva kokuba insimbi ye-carbon ihlanjululwe ku-weld.Njengoba i-carbon steel izomunca ikhabhoni ethile, ama-ferrite stabilizers ayengezwa ku-filler metal ukuze amelane nokuthambekela kwekhabhoni ukuze kwakheke i-austenmal application.
Kafushane, uma ufuna ukuqeda imifantu eshisayo kumajoyinti ashiselwe i-austenitic SS, qinisekisa insimbi eyanele yokugcwalisa i-ferrite futhi ulandele imikhuba emihle yokushisela.Gcina okokufaka okushisa kungaphansi kuka-50 kJ/intshi, gcina izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ukuya eliphansi, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amalunga e-solder awanakho ukungcola ngaphambi kokusoda. 0.
I-WELDER, eyake yabizwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke.Lo magazini ususebenzele umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
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