Le ndatshana enezingxenye ezimbili ifingqa amaphuzu abalulekile esihlokweni mayelana ne-electropolishing futhi ihlola kuqala isethulo sika-Tverberg ku-InterPhex kamuva kule nyanga. Namuhla, eNgxenyeni yoku-1, sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kwamapayipi ensimbi engenasici ngogesi, amasu e-electropolishing, nezindlela zokuhlaziya. Engxenyeni yesibili, sethula ucwaningo lwakamuva lwamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali apholishwe ngomshini.
Ingxenye 1: Amashubhu Ensimbi Engagqwali E-Electropolished Izimboni zemithi ne-semiconductor zidinga inani elikhulu lamashubhu ensimbi engagqwali enziwe ngogesi. Kuzo zombili izimo, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L iyingxubevange ethandwayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ama-alloys ensimbi engagqwali ane-6% molybdenum; ama-alloys C-22 kanye ne-C-276 abalulekile kubakhiqizi be-semiconductor, ikakhulukazi uma i-gaseous hydrochloric acid isetshenziswa njenge-etchant.
Bonisa kalula ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu obekungafihlwa ku-maze yezindawo ezididayo ezitholakala ezintweni ezivame kakhulu.
Ukungangeni kwekhemikhali kwesendlalelo esidlulayo kungenxa yokuthi kokubili i-chromium nensimbi kusesimweni se-oxidation esingu-3+, futhi akuzona izinsimbi ezingenasici. Izindawo ezipholishelwe ngomshini zigcine okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ayoni yamahhala kufilimu ngisho nangemva kokuphefumula okushisayo isikhathi eside nge-nitric acid. Lesi sici sisodwa sinikeza izindawo ezigcotshwe ngogesi inzuzo enkulu ngokuzinza kwesikhathi eside.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili ubukhona (ezindaweni ezipholishelwe ngomshini) noma ukungabikho (ezindaweni ezipholishiwe ngogesi) kwezinto ezixutshwayo. Izindawo ezipholishelwe ngomshini zigcina ukwakheka kwengxubevange eyinhloko ngokulahleka okuncane kwezinye izakhi zengxubevange, kuyilapho izindawo ezipholishwe ngogesi ziqukethe ikakhulukazi i-chromium nensimbi.
Ukwenza amapayipi e-electropolished Ukuze uthole indawo ebushelelezi ye-electropolished, udinga ukuqala ngendawo ebushelelezi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi siqala ngensimbi yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu, ekhiqizwe ukuze ikwazi ukushisela. Ukulawula kuyadingeka lapho kuncibilika isibabule, i-silicon, i-manganese kanye nezakhi ze-deoxidizing njenge-aluminium, i-titanium, i-calcium, i-magnesium ne-delta ferrite. Umucu kufanele uphathwe ngokushisa ukuze uncibilike noma yiziphi izigaba zesibili ezingase zakheke ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kokuncibilika noma kwakheka ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lokuqedwa komugqa lubaluleke kakhulu. I-ASTM A-480 ibala okuqediwe kwemichilo emithathu ebandayo etholakala ngokwentengiso: i-2D (efakwe umoya, ifakwe emanzini anosawoti, futhi igoqwe buthuntu), 2B (okufakwe umoya, okufakwe emanzini okugobhoza, nokupholishwa kwe-roll), kanye ne-2BA (okufakwe i-anneal ekhanyayo nesihlangu siphucuziwe). umoya). imiqulu).
Ukwenza iphrofayili, ukushisela kanye nokulungiswa kobuhlalu kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kutholakale ishubhu eliyindilinga kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kokupholisha, ngisho ne-undercut encane ye-weld noma umugqa oyisicaba wobuhlalu uzobonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kwe-electropolishing, iminonjana yokugoqa, amaphethini okugoqa ama-welds nanoma yikuphi ukulimala komshini ebusweni kuzoba sobala.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi kufanele bucoliswe ngomshini ukuze kuqedwe ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-strip nepayipi. Kulesi sigaba, ukukhetha kokuphela komugqa kuba okubalulekile. Uma ukugoqa kujule kakhulu, insimbi eyengeziwe kufanele ikhishwe ebusweni bobubanzi obungaphakathi beshubhu ukuze kutholakale ishubhu elibushelelezi. Uma ama-roughness angashoni noma engekho, insimbi encane idinga ukususwa. Ukuqedwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-electropolished, ngokuvamile ebangeni lamayintshi amancane angu-5 noma okushelelayo, kutholwa ngokupholishwa kwebhande longitudinal lamashubhu. Lolu hlobo lokupholisha lususa ingxenye enkulu yensimbi endaweni, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingu-0.001 intshi, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe imingcele yokusanhlamvu, ukungapheleli kwendawo, kanye nokulimala okwakhiwayo. Ukupholishwa kwe-whirling kususa okubalulekile okuncane, kudala indawo “enamafu”, futhi ngokuvamile kukhiqiza i-Ra ephakeme (isilinganiso sokuhwaqamuka kwendawo) ebangeni le-microinch engu-10–15.
I-Electropolishing Electropolishing imane nje iyinamathela ehlehlayo. Isixazululo se-electropolishing simpontshwa phezu kobubanzi obungaphakathi beshubhu kuyilapho i-cathode idonswa ngeshubhu. Insimbi kungcono isuswe ezindaweni eziphakeme phezulu. Inqubo “ithemba” ukuqinisa i-cathode ngensimbi encibilika ngaphakathi kweshubhu (okungukuthi, i-anode). Kubalulekile ukulawula i-electrochemistry ukuvimbela ukunamathela kwe-cathodic kanye nokugcina i-valency efanele ye-ion ngayinye.
Ngesikhathi se-electropolishing, kwakhiwa umoya-mpilo phezu kwe-anode noma insimbi engagqwali, futhi i-hydrogen yakheka ebusweni be-cathode. Umoya-mpilo uyisithako esiyinhloko ekudaleni izici ezikhethekile zezindawo ezicwebezelisiwe ngogesi, kokubili ukukhulisa ukujula kongqimba lwe-passivation nokudala isendlalelo se-passivation sangempela.
I-Electropolishing yenzeka ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esibizwa nge- "Jacquet", okuyi-polymerized nickel sulfite. Noma yini ephazamisa ukwakheka kwesendlalelo se-Jacquet izoholela endaweni engasebenzi kahle ye-electropolished. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyi-ion, njenge-chloride noma i-nitrate, evimbela ukwakheka kwe-nickel sulfite. Ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo amafutha e-silicone, ama-greases, ama-wax namanye ama-hydrocarbon amaketanga amade.
Ngemuva kwe-electropolishing, amashubhu ayegezwa ngamanzi futhi ngaphezu kwalokho afakwe ku-nitric acid eshisayo. Lokhu kudlula okungeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe noma iyiphi i-nickel sulfite esele futhi kuthuthukiswe isilinganiso se-chromium engaphezulu nesensimbi. Amashubhu alandelayo ahlanjululwayo ahlanjululwa ngamanzi acutshungulwa, afakwa emanzini ashisayo e-deionized, omisiwe futhi ahlanganiswe. Uma kudingeka ukupakishwa kwegumbi elihlanzekile, ishubhu iphinde ihlanjululwe ngamanzi angcolile kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ukuhanjiswa okucacisiwe, bese yomiswa nge-nitrogen eshisayo ngaphambi kokupakisha.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlaziya izindawo ezipholishiwe ngogesi i-Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) kanye ne-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-chemical analysis electron spectroscopy). I-AES isebenzisa ama-electron akhiqizwe eduze kwendawo ukuze ikhiqize isignali ethile ye-elementi ngayinye, enikeza ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi ngokujula. I-XPS isebenzisa ama-X-ray athambile akha i-spectra ebophayo, evumela izinhlobo zamangqamuzana ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngesimo se-oxidation.
Ivelu yokuqina kwendawo enephrofayili engaphezulu efana nokubukeka kwendawo ayisho ukubukeka kwendawo efanayo. Iningi lamaphrofayili esimanje lingabika amanani amaningi ahlukene okugwedla kwendawo, okuhlanganisa i-Rq (ebuye yaziwe ngokuthi i-RMS), i-Ra, i-Rt (umehluko omkhulu phakathi komthamo omncane kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu), i-Rz (isilinganiso esiphezulu sobude bephrofayela), namanye amanani ambalwa. Lezi zinkulumo zitholwe ngenxa yokubala okuhlukahlukene kusetshenziswa iphasi eyodwa emhlabeni ngepeni ledayimane. Kule bypass, ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "cutoff" ikhethwa nge-elekthronikhi futhi izibalo zisekelwe kule ngxenye.
Indawo ingachazwa kangcono kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yamanani edizayini ahlukene njenge-Ra ne-Rt, kodwa awukho umsebenzi owodwa ongahlukanisa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezihlukene ezinenani lika-Ra elifanayo. I-ASME ishicilela izinga le-ASME B46.1, elichaza incazelo yomsebenzi ngamunye wokubala.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe thintana no: John Tverberg, Trent Tube, 2015 Energy Dr., PO Box 77, East Troy, WI 53120. Ucingo: 262-642-8210.