Amapayipi angahlukaniswa abe amapayipi ensimbi namapayipi angewona awensimbi.Amapayipi ensimbi aphinde ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezisansimbi nezingezona ezoni. amapayipi, kanye namapayipi ethusi, angamapayipi angeyona insimbi.Amapayipi epulasitiki, amapayipi kakhonkolo, amapayipi anenziwe ngepulasitiki, amapayipi anengilazi, amapayipi afakwe ukhonkolo namanye amapayipi akhethekile angasetshenziswa ngezinjongo ezikhethekile abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi angewona awensimbi.Amapayipi ensimbi anensimbi ayimibhobho esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamandla;amapayipi ensimbi ekhabhoni asetshenziswa kakhulu.Amazinga e-ASTM kanye ne-ASME alawula izinhlobonhlobo zamapayipi nezinto zokudonsa ezisetshenziswa embonini yenqubo.
I-Carbon steel iyinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini, ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-90% wengqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi. Ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, izinsimbi zekhabhoni ziphinde zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:
Ezinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe, izilinganiso ezihlukene zezakhi ze-alloying zisetshenziselwa ukufeza izici ezifiselekayo (ezithuthukisiwe) ezifana nokushisela, i-ductility, machinability, amandla, ukuqina nokumelana nokugqwala, njll.Ezinye zezinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ze-alloying kanye nezindima zazo zimi kanje:
Insimbi engagqwali iyinsimbi eyingxubevange enokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okungu-10.5% (ubuncane). Insimbi engagqwali ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungavamile ngenxa yokwakheka kongqimba oluncane lwe-Cr2O3 endaweni.Lolu ungqimba lwaziwa nangokuthi ungqimba olwenziwayo. ingxenye efiselekayo (noma ethuthukisiwe) izakhiwo.Insimbi engagqwali futhi iqukethe amanani ahlukahlukene ekhabhoni, i-silicon ne-manganese.Insimbi engagqwali iphinde ibekwe ngokuthi:
Ngaphezu kwamabanga angenhla, amanye amamaki athuthukile (noma amabanga akhethekile) izinsimbi ezingenasici nazo ezisetshenziswa embonini yilezi:
Izinsimbi zamathuluzi zinokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu (0.5% kuya ku-1.5%).Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu kunikeza ubulukhuni namandla aphakeme.Le nsimbi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza amathuluzi nokubunjwa.Izinsimbi zamathuluzi ziqukethe amanani ahlukahlukene e-tungsten, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum, ne-vanadium ukukhulisa ukumelana nokushisa nokuguga kwensimbi kanye nokuqina.Lokhu kwenza amathuluzi okumba amathuluzi afaneleke ukusika futhi afaneleke.
Lawa mapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezinqubo.Izimpawu ze-ASTM kanye ne-ASME zamapayipi zibukeka zihlukile, kodwa amabanga abalulekile ayafana.Isibonelo:
Ukwakheka kwezinto kanye nezakhiwo kumakhodi e-ASME kanye ne-ASTM kuyafana ngaphandle kwegama. Amandla okubamba e-ASTM A 106 Gr A ngu-330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B ngu-415 Mpa, kanti i-ASTM A 106 Gr C ingu-485 Mpa. Ipayipi lensimbi elisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-ATM6 G0r A3r ATM0 i-ASTM0 G0r A 60 Kukhona enye i-ATM6 G0r A 60. I-Mpa, ASTM A 53 (Hot Dip Galvanized or Line Pipe), okuyizinga elisetshenziswa kakhulu kwipayipi lensimbi ye-carbon.ASTM A 53 pipe itholakala ngamabanga amabili:
I-ASTM A 53 Pipe ihlukene ngezinhlobo ezintathu – Uhlobo E (ERW – Resistance Welded), Type F (Frnace and Butt Welded), Type S (Seamless).Ohlotsheni E, yomibili i-ASTM A 53 Gr A kanye ne-ASTM A 53 Gr B ayatholakala.Ohlotsheni F, yi-ASTM A 53 Gr A kuphela etholakalayo, kanti i-ATM 3 iyatholakala, kanti i-ATM 3 iyatholakala, kanti i-ASTM3 iyatholakala. amandla okudonsa epayipi le-ASTM A 53 Gr A afana ne-ASTM A 106 Gr A ku-330 Mpa. Amandla okuqina epayipi le-ASTM A 53 Gr B afana ne-ASTM A 106 Gr B ku-415 Mpa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amapayipi e-carbon steel grade asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezinqubo.
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokucubungula abizwa ngokuthi ama-austenitic stainless steels.Isici esibalulekile se-austenitic stainless steel ukuthi ayinazibuthe noma i-paramagnetic.Izincazelo ezintathu ezibalulekile zezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic yilezi:
Kunamabanga ayi-18 kulokhu kucaciswa, okuyi-304 L okuyiyona esetshenziswa kakhulu.Isigaba esidumile ngu-316 L ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) yamapayipi angama-intshi angu-8 noma ngaphansi ububanzi.I-“L” kanye nebanga ikhombisa ukuthi inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, okuthuthukisa amandla epayipi.
Lokhu kucaciswa kusebenza kumapayipi amakhulu ashiselwe ububanzi.Amashejuli amapayipi ahlanganiswe kulokhu kucaciswa yiSheduli 5S kanye noHlelo 10.
I-Weldability ye-Austenitic Stainless Steels - Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic zinokunwebeka okushisayo okuphezulu kunezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic noma ze-martensitic.Ngenxa ye-coefficient ephezulu yokwanda okushisayo kanye nokuhanjiswa okuphansi kokushisa kwe-austenitic stainless steel, ukuguqulwa noma i-warpage kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisela.I-Austenitic prostates kufanele ithathwe lapho kukhethwe i-stainless stainless, ukuqiniswa kwensimbi kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa. izinto zokugcwalisa nezinqubo zokushisela.I-arc efakwe ngaphansi kwamanzi (i-SAW) ayinconywa uma kudingeka insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ngokugcwele noma i-ferrite ephansi yokuqukethwe.Ithebula (Isithasiselo-1) liyisiqondiso sokukhetha intambo yokugcwalisa efanelekile noma i-electrode esekelwe kokuyisisekelo (kwezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic).
Ishubhu ye-Chromium molybdenum ifanele imigqa yesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngenxa yokuthi amandla aqinile eshubhu le-chrome molybdenum ahlala engashintshile phakathi namazinga okushisa aphezulu.Ishubhu ithola ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla, izishintshisi zokushisa, nokunye okunjalo.Ishubhu yi-ASTM A 335 emabangeni amaningana:
Amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukulwa nomlilo, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, indle, umsebenzi osindayo (ngaphansi komsebenzi osindayo) - amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinye izinkonzo. Amabanga amapayipi ensimbi yilawa:
Amapayipi ensimbi anezinsimbi asetshenziselwa amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba ngezinkonzo zomlilo.Amapayipi e-Dürr aqinile ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-silicon.Lawa mapayipi asetshenziselwa isevisi ye-asidi yokuhweba, njengoba izinga libonisa ukumelana ne-asidi yokuhweba, kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi akhipha imfucumfucu ye-asidi.
U-Nirmal Surendran Menon uthole iBachelor of Mechanical Engineering evela e-Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India ngo-2005 kanye ne-Master of Science in Project Management evela ku-National University of Singapore ngo-2010. Usembonini kawoyela/igesi/i-petrochemical. Njengamanje usebenza njengonjiniyela emkhakheni wephrojekthi yokuphehla uketshezi lwe-LNG eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Louisiana. izinsiza.
U-Ashish uneziqu ze-bachelor kwezobunjiniyela futhi uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ebandakanyeka kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi/ukulawula ikhwalithi, ukufaneleka kwabahlinzeki/ukuqapha, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukuhlela izinsiza zokuhlola, ukushisela, ukwakhiwa, ukwakha kanye nokuthola inkontileka encane.
Ukusebenza kukawoyela negesi kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezikude kude nekomkhulu lenkampani.Manje, kungenzeka ukuqapha ukusebenza kwepompo, ukuhlela nokuhlaziya idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, nokulandelela abasebenzi emhlabeni wonke kusukela cishe noma yikuphi.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abasebenzi basehhovisi noma ngaphandle kwedolobha, i-inthanethi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene kuvumela ukugeleza nokulawula kolwazi olunezinhlangothi eziningi kunanini ngaphambili.
Bhalisela i-OILMAN Namuhla, iphephandaba eliphuma kabili ngesonto elethwa ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo elinakho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezindaba zebhizinisi likawoyela negesi, imicimbi yamanje kanye nolwazi lwemboni.