Kulesi sifunda esithembisayo, o-opharetha manje banenselelo yokuthi basuke kumodeli yokuhlola/yokuhlola baye kuzinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza.
Okutholwe kamuva nje endaweni yaseGuyana-Suriname kubonisa izilinganiso zikawoyela ezilinganiselwa ku-10+ Bbbl kanye negesi yemvelo engaphezu kuka-30 Tcf.1 Njengempumelelo kawoyela negesi eminingi, lena indaba eqala ngempumelelo yokuhlola ogwini, elandelwa isikhathi eside sokuphoxeka kokuhlola ugu kuya eshalofini, okuholela empumelelweni yamanzi ajulile.
Impumelelo yakamuva iwubufakazi bokukhuthazela nempumelelo yokuhlola yohulumeni baseGuyana naseSuriname kanye nezikhungo zabo zikawoyela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-IOC emphethweni wokuguqulwa wase-Afrika onqenqemeni lokuguqulwa oluhlanganisiwe lwaseNingizimu Melika.
Eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo, le ndawo izoba yingqophamlando kawoyela negesi, okutholakele okukhona kuzoba indawo yokuhlola/yokuthuthukiswa;abahloli bamazwe abambalwa basafuna okutholakele.
Ukuhlola ogwini.E-Suriname naseGuyana, ukugeleza kukawoyela kwakwaziwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1800 kuya ku-1900s. Ukuhlola eSuriname kwathola uwoyela ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-160 ngenkathi kumbiwa amanzi ekhempasini edolobhaneni lase-Kolkata.2 Insimu ye-Tambaredjo engasogwini (uwoyela we-15-17 we-oAPI9) yaqala ukutholwa6819 yokuqala kawoyela we-Satelli1. i-kata ne-Tambaredjo yengeziwe.I-STOOIP yasekuqaleni yalezi zindawo iwuwoyela we-Bbbl engu-1. Okwamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zinkambu cishe kungama-barrel angu-16,000 ngosuku.2 Uwoyela ongahluziwe wePetronas ugaywa endaweni yokuhluza i-Tout Lui Faut ekhishwa nsuku zonke yemiphongolo engu-15,000, imiphongolo kawoyela kawoyela kanye ne-bisotuline.
I-Guyana ayizange ibe nempumelelo efanayo ngasogwini;Imithombo engu-13 imbiwe kusukela ngo-1916, kodwa mibili kuphela ebone uwoyela.3 Ukuhlolwa kukawoyela ogwini ngeminyaka yawo-1940 kwaphumela ocwaningweni lwe geological of Takatu Basin.Kwambiwa imithombo emithathu phakathi kuka-1981 no-1993, yonke yomile noma engeyona eyentengiso. Ukwakhiwa kweLa Luna eVenezuela.
I-Venezuela inomlando ochumayo wokuhlolwa nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela.4 Impumelelo yokumba ihlehlela emuva ku-1908, okokuqala emthonjeni waseZumbaque 1 entshonalanga yezwe, 5 Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye neminyaka yawo-1920 nawo-1930, ukukhiqizwa okuvela eLake Maracaibo kwaqhubeka kwanda.Kunjalo, ukutholakala kwemithombo ye-tar 6 ne-Belt 6 ukunikela ngama-Bbbl angama-78 wezinqolobane zikawoyela;leli chibi lilinganisa inani lamanje laseVenezuela endaweni yokugcina izindawo.Ukwakheka kweLa Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) iyidwala elisezingeni lomhlaba lomthombo omkhulu kawoyela.I-La Luna7 ibhekele uwoyela omningi owatholwa wakhiqizwa eMaracaibo Basin kanye neminye imicengezi eminingana eColombia, e-Ecuador nasePeru.Amatshe omthombo atholakala ngasogwini lolwandle eGuyana naseSuriname anezici ezifanayo zeminyaka yaseLayina neSuriname.
I-Offshore Oil Exploration e-Guyana: I-Continental Shelf Area.Umsebenzi wokuhlola eshalofini lezwekazi waqala ngokusemthethweni ngo-1967 ngemithombo engu-7 Offshore-1 kanye -2 e-Guyana. Kube negebe leminyaka engu-15 ngaphambi kokuba kubhodlwe i-Arapaima-1, kwalandelwa i-Horseshoe-1 ngo-2000 kanye no-Ja2002 noma uwoyela we-Jax012. imibukiso yegesi;i-Abary-1 kuphela, eyabhodlozwa ngo-1975, inamafutha agelezayo (37 oAPI) .Nakuba ukushoda kwanoma yikuphi ukutholwa kwezomnotho kudumaza, le mithombo ibalulekile ngoba iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lukawoyela olusebenza kahle lukhiqiza uwoyela.
Petroleum Exploration Offshore Suriname: The Continental Shelf Area.Indaba yezwekazi laseSuriname lokuhlola ishalofu izibuko zaseGuyana.Imithombo eyi-9 isiyonke yambiwa ngo-2011, emi-3 yayo enemibukiso kawoyela;ezinye zomile.Futhi, ukuntuleka kokutholwa kwezomnotho kuyadumaza, kodwa imithombo iqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso sikawoyela esisebenza kahle sikhiqiza uwoyela.
I-ODP Leg 207 yamba amasayithi amahlanu ngo-2003 ku-Demerara Rise ehlukanisa iGuyana-Suriname Basin neFrench Guiana offshore.Okubalulekile, yonke imithombo emihlanu ihlangabezane nedwala elifanayo le-Cenomanian-Turonian Canje Formation elitholakala emithonjeni yaseGuyana naseSuriname, eqinisekisa ukuba khona kwedwala lomthombo waseLa Luna.
Ukuhlolwa ngempumelelo kwemikhawulo yenguquko yase-Afrika kwaqala ngokutholwa kukawoyela we-Tullow ngo-2007 endaweni yeJubilee eGhana. Ngemva kwempumelelo yayo ngo-2009, inxanxathela ye-TEN yatholwa entshonalanga yeJubilee. Le mpumelelo ishukumise amazwe asenkabazwe ase-Afrika ukuthi anikeze amalayisense e-deepwater, izinkampani zikawoyela eziwathathele eLeberia, e-Sierra Leone. ngenhlanhla, ukubhola lezi zinhlobo zemidlalo yeshashalazi akuphumelelanga kakhulu ekutholeni ukunqwabelana komnotho. Ngokuvamile, lapho uya entshonalanga usuka eGhana ngasemaphethelweni enguquko yase-Afrika, izinga lempumelelo liyehla kakhulu.
Njengempumelelo eminingi yaseNtshonalanga Afrika e-Angola, eCabinda nasezilwandle ezisenyakatho, le mpumelelo yaseGhana emanzini ajulile iqinisekisa umqondo wegeyimu ofanayo.Umqondo wokuthuthuka usekelwe kumthombo wedwala ovuthiwe osezingeni lomhlaba kanye nesistimu yendlela yokufuduka ehambisanayo.Idamu ngokuyinhloko liyisihlabathi se-slope channel, esibizwa ngokuthi i-turbidite.Ama-traps abizwa ngokuthi ama-stratigraphic traps kanye ne-Strural traps kanye ne-relly traps etholakala ekuqaleni. kulokho, ngokumba izimbobo ezomile, kwakudingeka bahlukanise izimpendulo zokuzamazama komhlaba zamatshe e-sandstone athwala i-hydrocarbon ezitsheni ze-sandstone ezimanzi.Inkampani ngayinye kawoyela igcina ulwazi lwayo lobuchwepheshe mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa imfihlo yobuchwepheshe.Umthombo ngamunye owalandela wasetshenziselwa ukulungisa le ndlela.Uma sekuqinisekisiwe, le ndlela inganciphisa kakhulu izingozi ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kokubhoboza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemibono emisha yemithombo.
Izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zivame ukubhekisela egameni elithi “trendology”.Kungumqondo olula ovumela izazi zokwakheka komhlaba ukuthi zidlulisele imibono yazo yokuhlola isuka kwesinye isigodi iye kwesinye.Kulo mongo, ama-IOC amaningi abe nempumelelo eNtshonalanga Afrika kanye ne-African transition fringe azimisele ukusebenzisa le miqondo ku-South American Equatorial Margin (SAEM).Ngenxa yalokho, ngasekuqaleni kuka-2010, inkampani yase-Guyana yase-Guyana yase-Guyana yase-Guyana yase-Surna yathola ilayisense e-Guyana Water yase-Suryaname yathola ilayisense e-Guyana Water e-Deep.
Itholwe ngoSepthemba 2011 ngokumba i-Zaedyus-1 ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-2,000 ogwini lwase-French Guiana, i-Tullow Oil yaba inkampani yokuqala ukuthola ama-hydrocarbon abalulekile e-SAEM. I-Tullow Oil yamemezela ukuthi umthombo otholwe u-72 m wabalandeli abakhokha inetha kuma-turbidites amabili.
I-Guyana iyaphumelela.I-ExxonMobil/Hess et al.Ukutholakala koMthombo we-Liza-1 owaziwayo manje (Liza-1 Well 12) kwamenyezelwa ngoMeyi 2015 kwilayisense yase-Stabroek phesheya kolwandle eGuyana.Isihlabathi se-Upper Cretaceous turbidite siyichibi.Ukulandelela i-Skipjack-1 i-2010162 ye-Skipjack-1 i-Inhydrocarbon ayitholile Ozakwethu bamemezele isamba sezinto eziyi-18 ezitholiwe ezinomthombo obuyisekayo wemiphongolo kawoyela engaphezu kuka-8 (ExxonMobil)!Stabroek Partners Addresses Concerns About Seismic Response Of Hydrocarbon-bearing vs Aquifer Reservoirs (Hess Investor, Investor Day 2018 8).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-ExxonMobil kanye nabalingani bayo bathola uwoyela endaweni yokugcina i-carbonate ye-Ranger-1 eyamenyezelwa kahle ngo-2018.Kunobufakazi bokuthi leli chibi le-carbonate elakhelwe phezu kwentaba-mlilo engaphansi.
Ukutholwa kwe-Haimara-18 kwamenyezelwa ngoFebhuwari 2019 njengokutholwa kwe-condensate endaweni yokulondoloza amanzi yekhwalithi ephezulu engu-63 m.
U-Tullow nozakwethu (ilayisensi ye-Orinduik) bathole izinto ezimbili ekutholakaleni kwesiteshi serempu sika-Stabroek:
I-ExxonMobil kanye nozakwabo (i-Kaieteur Block) bamemezele ngoNovemba 17, 2020, ukuthi umthombo we-Tanager-1 wawutholakele kodwa wawubhekwa njengongewona owokuthengisa. Umthombo otholakale u-16 m kawoyela wenethi esihlabathini sekhwalithi ephezulu saseMaastrichtian, kodwa ukuhlaziya uketshezi kubonise uwoyela osindayo kunowoyela we-Liza. ated.
I-Offshore Suriname, imithombo emithathu yokuhlola amanzi ajulile ambiwa phakathi kuka-2015 no-2017 kwakuyimithombo eyomile. I-Apache yamba izimbobo ezimbili ezomile (i-Popokai-1 ne-Kolibrie-1) ku-Block 53 futhi i-Petronas yamba umgodi owomile i-Roselle-1 ku-Block 52, Umfanekiso wesi-2.
I-Offshore Suriname, i-Tullow yamemezela ngo-Okthoba 2017 ukuthi umthombo we-Araku-1 wawungenawo amatshe abalulekile e-reservoir, kodwa wabonisa ukuba khona kwe-condensate yegesi.11 Umthombo wawumbiwe ngokudidayo okuphawulekayo kwe-seismic amplitude.
U-Kosmos ubhoboze izimbobo ezimbili ezomile (i-Anapai-1 ne-Anapai-1A) ku-Block 45 ngo-201816, kanye nomgodi owomile we-Pontoenoe-1 ku-Block 42.
Ngokusobala, ekuqaleni kuka-2019, umbono wamanzi ajulile aseSuriname ufiphele.Kodwa lesi simo sesizothuthuka kakhulu!
Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2020, eBlock 58 eSuriname, i-Apache/Total17 yamemezela ukutholwa kukawoyela emthonjeni wokuhlola we-Maka-1, owambiwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2019. i-oirs.Ngokwemibiko, izinga le-reservoir lihle kakhulu.Ingqikithi izoba umsebenzisi we-Block 58 ngo-2021.Kumbiwa umthombo wokuhlola.
I-Petronas18 imemezele ukutholwa kukawoyela emthonjeni we-Sloanea-1 ngomhla ka-11 Disemba 2020. Uwoyela otholwe esihlabathini esithile se-Campania. I-Block 52 iyithrendi nasempumalanga eyatholwa i-Apache ku-Block 58.
Njengoba ukuhlola nokuhlaziya kuqhubeka ngo-2021, kuzoba namathemba amaningi endaweni okufanele abukwe.
Imithombo yase-Guyana ezobukwa ngo-2021.I-ExxonMobil kanye nozakwethu (Canje Block)19 isanda kumemezela ngoMashi 3, 2021 ukuthi umthombo we-Bulletwood-1 wawuwumthombo owomile, kodwa imiphumela ibonise uhlelo lukawoyela olusebenzayo ebhulokhini.
I-ExxonMobil kanye nozakwethu ebhulohweni lase-Stabroek bahlela ukumba umthombo i-Krobia-1 amamayela angu-16 enyakatho-mpumalanga yensimu ye-Liza. Ngokulandelayo, umthombo we-Redtail-1 uzombiwa amamayela angu-12 empumalanga yensimu ye-Liza.
E-Corentyne block (CGX et al), umthombo ungase umbiwe ngo-2021 ukuze kuhlolwe ithemba le-Santonian Kawa. Lena ithrendi yama-amplitudes e-Santonian, aneminyaka efanayo etholakala e-Stabroek nase-Suriname Block 58. Umnqamulajuqu wokumba umthombo welulelwa kuNovemba 21, 2021.
Imithombo yaseSuriname okufanele ibukwe ngo-2021. I-Tullow Oil yamba umthombo we-GVN-1 ku-Block 47 ngoJanuwari 24, 2021. Inhloso yalo mthombo ihloselwe okukabili e-Upper Cretaceous turbidite. I-Tullow ibuyekeze isimo ngoMashi 18, ithi umthombo ofinyelelwe ku-TD futhi uhlangabezane nenani eliphezulu lezinga likawoyela ukuze ubone umphumela omuhle we-NNE kodwa uzowuthinta kahle lo mphumela wesikhathi esizayo. I-Apache kanye ne-Petronas bathola amabhulokhi angu-42, 53, 48 kanye no-59.
Ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, i-Total/Apache yamba umthombo wokuhlola ku-Block 58, ngokusobala iphuma ekutholweni kwebhulokhi. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlola kwe-Bonboni-1 ekugcineni enyakatho ye-Block 58 kungase kubhojwe kulo nyaka. Kuyojabulisa ukubona ukuthi i-Walker carbonates ku-Block 42 izotholakala yini e-Stabronger ngesikhathi esizayo.
I-Suriname Licensing Round.I-Staatsolie imemezele umzuliswano wokunikeza amalayisense ka-2020-2021 wamalayisensi ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka e-Shoreline kuya e-Apache/Total Block 58.Igumbi ledatha elibonakalayo livulwa ngoNovemba 30, 2020. Amabhidi azophelelwa yisikhathi ngo-Ephreli 30, 2021.
I-Starbrook Development Plan.I-ExxonMobil ne-Hess bashicilele imininingwane yezinhlelo zabo zokuthuthukisa insimu, engatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa i-Hess Investor Day 8 December 2018 iyindawo enhle yokuqala. U-Liza uthuthukiswa ngezigaba ezintathu, ngowoyela wokuqala ovela ku-2020, eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala, Umdwebo 3.FPSEAs noma intengo yokukhiqiza ihlotshaniswa nezindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zangaphambi kwesikhathi. isikhathi lapho amanani aluhlaza e-Brent ephansi.
I-ExxonMobil imemezele ukuthi ihlela ukuhambisa izinhlelo zentuthuko yesine ye-Stabroek ekupheleni kuka-2021.
Inselele.Esikhathini esingaphezu nje konyaka ngemva kwamanani entengo kawoyela angemuhle ngokomlando, imboni isibuyile, ngezintengo ze-WTI ezingaphezu kuka-$65, kanye neGuyana-Suriname Basin ephuma njengentuthuko ejabulisa kakhulu yama-2020s. Imithombo yokutholwa ibhaliwe endaweni.Ngokuka-Westwood, imele ngaphezu kuka-75% kawoyela otholwe engxenyeni yeminyaka engu-5 edlule ye-clastic. nty eyodwa
Inselele enkulu akuzona izakhiwo zedamu, njengoba kokubili idwala noketshezi kubonakala kunekhwalithi edingekayo. Akubona ubuchwepheshe ngoba ubuchwepheshe bamanzi ajulile buye bathuthukiswa kusukela ngawo-1980. Kungase kuthathe leli thuba kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze kusetshenziswe izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zemboni ekukhiqizeni ogwini.
Noma kunjalo, imboni izobe ibukele iGuyana-Suriname eduze okungenani kulo nyaka neminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Kwezinye izimo, maningi amathuba okuba ohulumeni, abatshalizimali kanye nezinkampani ze-E&P zibambe iqhaza emicimbini nasemisebenzini njengoba i-Covid ivumela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
I-Endeavour Management iyifemu yokubonisana yabaphathi ebambisene namakhasimende ukuze babone ukubaluleka kwangempela ezinhlelweni zabo zoguquko zamasu.I-Endeavor igcina umbono ombaxambili ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi ngokunikeza amandla, kuyilapho isebenza njenge-catalyst yokuguqula ibhizinisi ngokusebenzisa izimiso zobuholi eziyinhloko namasu ebhizinisi.
Ifa lenkampani leminyaka engu-50 libe nomphumela wokwakhiwa kwenqwaba yezindlela ezifakazelwe ezivumela abaxhumanisi be-Endeavour ukuthi balethe amasu enguquko asezingeni eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle, ukuthuthukiswa kobuholi, ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe bokubonisana, nokusekelwa kwezinqumo. Abaxhumanisi be-Endeavour banokuqonda okujulile kokusebenza kanye nolwazi olubanzi lwemboni, okuvumela ithimba lethu ukuthi liqonde ngokushesha izinkampani zamaklayenti ethu nezimakethe.
Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingaphansi kwemithetho ye-copyright ephoqelelwe ngokuqinile, sicela ufunde Imigomo Nemibandela yethu, Inqubomgomo Yamakhukhi kanye Nenqubomgomo Yemfihlo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli sayithi.