Ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kubangele ukuthi i-ADNOC ilahlekelwe amandla okubamba epayipini elikhulu likawoyela ogwini. Isifiso sokuqeda le nkinga kanye nesidingo sokuchaza incazelo kanye nohlelo olunembile lwesikhathi esizayo lokuphatha ubuqotho luholele ekusetshenzisweni kwesilingo senkambu ye-polyethylene (HDPE) ene-grooved high-density (HDPE) eqinisekisa amapayipi ensimbi e-carbon ngonyaka achaza uhlelo lwe-HDPE oluyimpumelelo. amapayipi ensimbi ekhabhoni ayindlela engabizi kakhulu yokunciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kwamapayipi kawoyela ngokuhlukanisa amapayipi ensimbi emanzini abolayo.Ubuchwepheshe buyabiza ekulawuleni ukugqwala ngaphakathi kwamapayipi kawoyela.
Ku-ADNOC, i-Flowlines iklanyelwe ukuthi ihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwebhizinisi kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.Nokho, ukugcina le migqa eyenziwe nge-carbon steel kuba inselele ngoba ingaphansi kokugqwala kwangaphakathi okuvela emanzini abolayo, amagciwane, nezimo ezimile ezibangelwa amazinga aphansi okugeleza.Ingozi yokwehluleka kobuqotho iyanda ngokukhula kwezakhiwo zoketshezi lwe-servoir.
I-ADNOC isebenzisa amapayipi ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-30 kuya ku-50 bar, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-69°C kanye nokuncipha kwamanzi angaphezu kuka-70%, futhi iye yabhekana nezimo eziningi zokulahlekelwa ukuvimba ngenxa yokugqwala kwamapayipi ezindaweni ezinkulu ezisogwini. Amarekhodi abonisa ukuthi impahla ekhethiwe iyodwa inamapayipi kawoyela emvelo angaphezu kuka-91 ​​(amapayipi kawoyela emvelo angaphezu kuka-91 ​​kanye namapayipi anzima angaphezu kuka-302 kilometers (amakhilomitha angu-302) ngaphezu kwekhilomitha elingu-4 I-rosion.Izimo zokusebenza ezinqume ukuqaliswa kokunciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi zihlanganisa i-pH ephansi (4.8–5.2), ukuba khona kwe-CO2 (>3%) ne-H2S (>3%), isilinganiso segesi/uwoyela esingaphezu kuka-481 scf/bbl, izinga lokushisa lolayini elingaphezu kuka-55°C, ukugeleza kwengcindezi yomugqa ngaphezu kuka-525 psi.Okuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, ukugeleza okuphansi kwe-stac, ubukhona be-stac ye-46 (>46 m²) amagciwane anciphisa i-sulfate nawo athinta amasu okunciphisa.Izibalo zokuvuza ezisheshayo zibonisa ukuthi eminingi yale migqa yayinephutha, nokuvuza okufika ku-14 esikhathini esiyiminyaka emi-5. Lokhu kudala inkinga enkulu njengoba kuholela ekuvuzeni nasekuphazamiseni okulimaza ukukhiqizwa.
Ukulahlekelwa kokuqina kanye nesidingo sokulinganisa kanye nohlelo olunembile lokulawula ubuqotho bomugqa wokugeleza kwesikhathi esizayo kuphumele ekusetshenzisweni kwesilingo senkambu kobuchwepheshe bamalayini be-HDPE obufakwe slotted futhi obungena-flangeless ku-3.0 km weSheduli 80 API 5L Gr.B amayintshi angu-6. Imigqa yokuqeda le nkinga.Izivivinyo zenkambu ziqale zasetshenziswa ku-3.527 km wamapayipi ensimbi ekhabhoni emigqeni yokuhlola ejulile engu-4 km.
I-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) eyinhloko kawoyela eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia yayifake amalayini e-HDPE kusukela ngo-2012 kumapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokufaka amanzi. I-GCC enkulu kawoyela esebenza ngokubambisana ne-Shell ibisebenzisa izingqimba ze-HDPE ekufakweni kwamanzi nowoyela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, futhi ubuchwepheshe buvuthwe ngokwanele ukubhekana nokugqwala kwamapayipi angaphakathi.
Iphrojekthi ye-ADNOC yethulwa ngekota yesibili ka-2011 futhi yafakwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-2012. Ukuqapha kwaqala ngo-April 2012 futhi kwaqedwa ngekota yesithathu ka-2017. Ama-spools okuhlola abe esethunyelwa e-Borouge Innovation Centre (BIC) ukuze ahlolwe futhi ahlaziywe.Inqubo yempumelelo kanye nokwehluleka ebekwe i-pilot ye-pilot ye-HDPE i-liaka ye-pilot ye-liaka ye-pilot i-liaka ye-pilot ye-HDPE liner ner, futhi akukho ukuwa kwe-liner.
Iphepha i-SPE-192862 lichaza amasu afaka isandla empumelelweni yokuhlolwa kwendawo.Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ekuhleleni, ekwendlaleni amapayipi, nasekuhloleni ukusebenza kwama-HDPE liner ukuze kutholwe ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kutholwe amasu okuphatha ubuqotho okusetshenziswa endaweni yonke yamapayipi e-HDPE emapayipini kawoyela.Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa emipayipini kawoyela nasezintanjeni zokudlulisa uwoyela.Ngaphezu kwamapayipi kawoyela asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-non-liner asetshenziswa kakhulu amapayipi kawoyela angama-HDPE akhona. ukuze kuqedwe ukwehluleka kobuqotho bepayipi ngenxa yomonakalo wokugqwala kwangaphakathi.
Iphepha eligcwele lichaza indlela yokusetshenziswa yama-gaskets e-HDPE;ukukhethwa kwempahla ye-gasket, ukulungiswa, nokulandelana kokufakwa;ukuvuza komoya kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic;ukukhishwa kwegesi yonyaka kanye nokuqapha;ukugunyazwa komugqa;kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa eningiliziwe yangemva kokuhlolwa.Ithebula le-Streamline Life Cycle Cost Analysis libonisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko ze-carbon steel ne-HDPE linings kwezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukugqwala, okuhlanganisa umjovo wamakhemikhali nokugqwala, amapayipi angewona ensimbi, kanye nensimbi ye-carbon. ama-flange athambekele ekuhlulekeni ngenxa yengcindezi yangaphandle.Ukuphuma komoya mathupha ezindaweni ze-flange akudingi nje kuphela ukuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza, kodwa futhi kuphumela ekukhishweni kwegesi emkhathini.Esivivinyweni sesibili, ama-flange athathelwe indawo ngezixhumi ezishiselwe, ezingena-flange ezinesistimu yokugcwalisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nolayini oboshiwe onomzila ophumayo ovala umshini wokudonsa umoya ekugcineni kwesiteshi sokukhipha umoya.
Uhlolo lweminyaka emi-5 luqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezingqimba ze-HDPE kumapayipi ensimbi kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kwamapayipi kawoyela ngokuhlukanisa amapayipi ensimbi oketshezini olubolayo.
Engeza inani ngokunikeza isevisi yolayini engaphazamiseki, ukususa ukungulube kwangaphakathi ukuze kukhishwe imali ebekiwe namagciwane, ukonga izindleko ngokususa isidingo samakhemikhali alwa nokukala kanye nama-biocides, kanye nokunciphisa umsebenzi.
Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwakuwukunciphisa ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kwepayipi nokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa into eyinhloko ebambayo.
Amalayini e-HDPE afakiwe anamajoyinti ashiselwe angena-flange asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesistimu yokujova kabusha njengentuthuko esekelwe ezifundweni ezitholwe ekufakweni kokuqala kwama-HDPE liner angenalutho aneziqeshana kumatheminali ane-flanged.
Ngokwenqubo yempumelelo nokwehluleka okubekelwe umshayeli, akukho ukuvuza okuye kwabikwa epayipini kusukela ekufakweni.Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nokuhlaziywa kwe-BIC kubonise ukuncipha kwesisindo ngo-3-5% kujenki osetshenzisiwe, okungabangeli ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 yokusetshenziswa.Eminye imihuzuko etholakele ayizange ingene emifantwini.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi kucatshangelwe umehluko we-rosion we-design of the main density in the future density. ukugxila, lapho izinketho ze-HDPE ze-lining (kuhlanganise nentuthuko esele ikhonjiwe njengokushintsha ama-flange ngezixhumi nokuqhubeka nolwelwesi kanye nokusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlola olayini ukuze kunqotshwe ukungena kwegesi kolwelwesi) kuyisixazululo esinokwethenjelwa.
Lobu buchwepheshe buqeda usongo lokugqwala kwangaphakathi futhi bunikeza ukonga okukhulu ezindlekweni zokusebenza phakathi nezinqubo zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okudingekile.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkundla yobuchwepheshe kube nomthelela omuhle ekulawuleni ubuqotho be-flowline yabasebenzisi, okuhlinzeka ngezinketho ezengeziwe zokulawulwa kokugqwala okusebenzayo kwe-flowline yangaphakathi, ukunciphisa izindleko zizonke kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-HSE.Ama-liner e-HDPE ane-grooved e-Flangeless ayanconywa njengendlela emisha yokulawula ukugqwala emigqeni ye-oilfield streamlines.
Ubuchwepheshe be-HDPE lining bunconywa ezinkundleni ezikhona zikawoyela negesi lapho ukuvuza kwamapayipi kanye nokuphazamiseka komugqa womjovo wamanzi kuvame.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luzonciphisa inani lokuhluleka kwe-flowline okubangelwa ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, lunwebe impilo ye-flowline, futhi lukhulise ukukhiqiza.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesayithi okugcwele okusha kungasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ekulawuleni ukugqwala kwe-inline kanye nokonga izindleko ezinhlelweni zokuqapha.
Lesi sihloko sibhalwe ngumhleli Wezobuchwepheshe we-JPT u-Judy Feder futhi iqukethe amaphuzu avelele ephepha le-SPE 192862, "I-Innovative Field Trial Trial Results of Flangeless Grooved HDPE Liner Application in A Super Gigantic Field for Oil Flowline Internal Corrosion Management" ngu-Abby Kalio Amabipi, SPE, Marwan Hamad Salem, Gup Tijek C kanye no-ADNO;U-Mohamed Ali Awadh, u-Borouge PTE;U-Nicholas Herbig, u-Jeff Schell kanye no-Ted Compton be-United Special Services Technical for the 2018 2018 e-Abu Dhabi, November 12-15 Lungiselela Umbukiso Wamazwe Ngamazwe Ase-Abu Dhabi kanye Nenkomfa.Leli phepha alikabuyekezwa ontanga.
I-Journal of Petroleum Technology iyiphephabhuku elihamba phambili leNhlangano Yonjiniyela Bezokwakha, ehlinzeka ngamafuphi nezici ezigunyaziwe mayelana nenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokuhlola nokukhiqiza, izindaba zemboni kawoyela negesi, kanye nezindaba mayelana ne-SPE namalungu ayo.