Siyabonga ngokuvakashela i-Nature.com.Inguqulo yesiphequluli oyisebenzisayo inokusekelwa okulinganiselwe kwe-CSS.Ukuze uthole ulwazi olungcono kakhulu, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise isiphequluli esibuyekeziwe (noma uvale imodi yokuhambisana ku-Internet Explorer).Okwamanje, ukuze siqinisekise ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, sizobonisa isayithi ngaphandle kwezitayela ne-JavaScript.
Kuleli phepha, kuhlongozwa ishubhu yegagasi elihamba ngezinyawo elingu-220GHz broadband high-leaved double blade elihambayo lidizayinelwe futhi laqinisekiswa.Okokuqala, kuhlongozwa ukwakheka kwegagasi legagasi eliphindwe kabili le-double blade elinyakazayo. Ngokusebenzisa isikimu sokusebenza semodi ekabili, ukusebenza kokudlulisa kanye nomkhawulokudonsa kucishe kuphindwe kabili kwalokho kwemodi eyodwa.Okwesibili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimfuneko zeshubhu yokuhamba kancane, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane neshubhu yokuhamba kancane, amandla okuhamba okuhambayo kuthuthukiswe ukuqina, nokuthuthukisa ishubhu lokuhamba. I-ped electronic optical system iklanyelwe, i-voltage yokushayela ingu-20 ~ 21 kV, kanti yamanje iyimigomo engu-2 × 80 mA.Design. Ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yemaski nokulawula i-electrode kusibhamu se-double beam, imishayo emibili yepensela ingagxilwa eduze kwezikhungo zabo nge-compression ratio engu-7, ibanga lokugxila liyi-0.18 mm futhi i-uniforming focus icishe ibe ngu-0.18 mm. Ibanga lemishini le-planar double electron beam lingafinyelela ku-45 mm, futhi inkambu kazibuthe egxilile ingu-0.6 T, eyanele ukumboza lonke uhlelo lwefrikhwensi ephezulu (HFS). Bese, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenziseka kwesistimu ye-electron-optical kanye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo se-slow-wave, ukulingiswa kwengqamuzana yezinhlayiya (PIC) nakho kwenziwa kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-HFS1 oluseduze nomphumela we-2 ophumayo we-2 ophumayo we-Winter. I-20 GHz, i-voltage ye-beam elungiselelwe ngu-20.6 kV, i-beam current ingu-2 × 80 mA, inzuzo ingu-38 dB, futhi umkhawulokudonsa we-3-dB wedlula u-35 dB mayelana nama-70 GHz. Ekugcineni, ukwakhiwa kwe-microstructure okunembayo okuphezulu kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwemiphumela kanye nezici ze-HFS. okuhlongozwayo kuleli phepha kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe imithombo yemisebe ye-terahertz-band enamandla aphezulu, enamandla okusebenza esikhathini esizayo.
Njengesisetshenziswa se-electronic vacuum evamile, ithubhu elijikelezayo elijikelezayo (TWT) lidlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana ne-radar enesinqumo esiphezulu, izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, nokuhlola isikhala1,2,3. Nokho, njengoba imvamisa yokusebenza ingena ebhendini ye-terahertz, i-TWT yendabuko ehlanganisiwe ye-cavity kanye ne-helical TWT ayizange ikwazi ukumelana nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa ophansi wabantu. indlela yokuthuthukisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwebhendi ye-THz sekuyindaba ekhathaza kakhulu ezikhungweni eziningi zocwaningo lwesayensi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izakhiwo ze-slow-wave (SWSs), ezifana nezakhiwo ezinyakazayo ze-dual-blade (SDV) kanye nezakhiwo ezigoqiwe ze-waveguide (FW), zithole ukunakwa okubanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zepulani yemvelo, ikakhulukazi inoveli ehlongozwayo ye-SDV-SDV ehlongozwayo. 084.Isakhiwo se-planar singenziwa kalula ngamasu okucubungula ama-micro-nano afana nokulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha (CNC) kanye ne-UV-LIGA, isakhiwo sephakheji yensimbi yonke singanikeza amandla amakhulu okushisa ngamandla aphumayo aphezulu kanye nenzuzo, futhi isakhiwo esifana ne-waveguide singahlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa obanzi wokusebenza.Okwamanje, i-UC Davis ibonise okokuqala ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla angaphezu kuka-0 SD-7 eduze kwe-0 SD-7 nge-0 SD-7T ye-W010 Izimpawu zomkhawulokudonsa ongu-14 GHz ku-G-band5.Nokho, le miphumela isenamagebe angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlobene zamandla aphezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi ebhendini ye-terahertz.Ku-SDV-TWT ye-UC-Davis ye-G-band, kusetshenziswe imishayo yama-electron eshidi.Nakuba lolu hlelo lungathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo umthamo wamanje wokuthwala weshidi ukuze kugcinwe ibanga elide le-electron kuba nzima ukudluliswa kwe-amp. OS), futhi kukhona umhubhe we-over-mode we-over-mode, ongase futhi ubangele ukuthi i-beam izilawule ngokwayo.- I-Excitation and oscillation 6,7.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla aphezulu okukhipha, umkhawulokudonsa obanzi nokuzinza okuhle kwe-THz TWT, i-SDV-SWS ye-dual-beam SDV-SWS enemodi ekabili ihlongozwa kuleli phepha.Okungukuthi, ukuze kwandiswe umkhawulokudonsa wokusebenza, ukusebenza kwemodi emibili kuhlongozwa futhi kwethulwe kulesi sakhiwo ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla okukhiphayo, ukusabalalisa amandla okuphindwe kabili kusetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa. Imisakazo ye-le pencil beam mincane kakhulu ngenxa yezingqinamba zosayizi ome mpo.Uma ukuminyana kwamanje kuphezulu kakhulu, umthamo wamanje kufanele uncishiswe, okuholela ekubeni namandla okukhiphayo aphansi kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-beam yamanje, i-planar esabalalisiwe ye-multibeam EOS iye yavela, esebenzisa usayizi we-lateral we-SWS.Ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-beam ephezulu ngokukhipha amandla amaningi ngokusakazwa kwe-planibeam ephezulu kanye nokugcina ithoni yepulani ephezulu yokusabalalisa amandla amanje asezingeni eliphezulu futhi igcine umhubhe wepulani ophezulu usakazwa yamanje encane nge-beam ngayinye, engagwema i-overmode ye-beam tunneling uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi we-sheet-beam.Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-wave wave tube.Ngokwesisekelo somsebenzi wangaphambilini8,9, leli phepha lihlongoza i-G-band uniform magnetic field egxile kabili i-EOS yepensela ye-pencil, engathuthukisa kakhulu ibanga lokudlulisela elizinzile le-beam futhi ikhulise kakhulu indawo yokudlulisela amandla ngokwandisa indawo yokusebenzelana namandla.
Isakhiwo saleli phepha simi kanje.Okokuqala, umklamo weseli we-SWS onemingcele, ukuhlaziya izici zokusabalalisa kanye nemiphumela yokulingisa imvamisa ephezulu kuyachazwa.Khona-ke, ngokusho kwesakhiwo seyunithi yeyunithi, i-EOS yepensela ephindwe kabili kanye nesistimu yokusebenzisana ye-beam yakhelwe kuleli phepha.Imiphumela yokwengezwa kwezinhlayiyana ze-Intracellular nazo zethulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwe-SDV, imiphumela ebandayo ye-TW kanye nokusebenza kwephepha elibandayo. qinisekisa ukulunga kwayo yonke i-HFS.Ekugcineni yenza isifinyezo.
Njengenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-TWT, izakhiwo ezihlakazekayo zesakhiwo se-slow-wave zibonisa ukuthi isivinini se-electron sifana nesivinini sesigaba se-SWS, futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzelaneni kwe-beam-wave. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo yonke i-TWT, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sokusebenzisana esithuthukisiwe. isakhiwo samukela i-double pen beam ukuze sithuthukise amandla okukhipha kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza.Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuze kwandiswe umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo, kuhlongozwe imodi ekabili ukuze i-SWS isebenze.Ngenxa yokulinganisa kwesakhiwo se-SDV, isisombululo se-electromagnetic field dispersion equation singahlukaniswa sibe izindlela ezingavamile futhi ezilinganayo. ukuthuthukisa i-bandwidth yokusebenza.
Ngokwezidingo zamandla, ishubhu lonke liklanywe nge-voltage yokushayela engu-20 kV kanye ne-double beam current engu-2 × 80 mA. Ukuze ufanise i-voltage eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nomkhawulokudonsa wokusebenza we-SDV-SWS, sidinga ukubala ubude benkathi p.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage ye-beam nesikhathi kuboniswa ku-equation (1)10:
Ngokusetha ukushintsha kwesigaba ku-2.5π ku-220 GHz emaphakathi, inkathi p ingabalwa ibe ngu-0.46 mm.Umfanekiso 2a ubonisa izici zokuhlakazeka zeyunithi yeseli ye-SWS.I-beamline engu-20 kV ihambisana kahle kakhulu nejika le-bimodal.Amabhendi efrikhwensi afanayo angafinyelela cishe ku-70 GHz–20 GHz 2.51 kumodi engu-2.651 kanye ne-2.6 GHz 2.51 GHz 2. Ububanzi be-GHz (imodi imbala).Umfanekiso 2b ubonisa ukuvinjelwa kokuhlanganisa okumaphakathi, okukhulu kuno-0.6 Ω ukusuka ku-210 kuya ku-290 GHz, okubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana okunamandla kungase kwenzeke kumkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo.
(a) Izici zokuhlakazeka zemodi ekabili ye-SDV-SWS enomugqa we-electron wamagagasi angu-20 kV.(b) Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisana kwesekethe ye-SDV yegagasi elihamba kancane.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona igebe lebhande phakathi kwamamodi angajwayelekile noma alingana, futhi ngokuvamile sibhekisela kuleli gebe lebhendi njengebhande lokumisa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2a.Uma i-TWT isebenza eduze kwaleli bhendi yefrikhwensi, amandla okuhlanganisa ama-beam anamandla angase avele, okuzoholela ekuzuleni okungafunwa. Isakhiwo se-ve singu-0.1 GHz kuphela.Kunzima ukunquma ukuthi leli gebe lebhendi elincane libangela ukuzungeza.Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kokusebenza eduze kwebhendi yokumisa kuzophenywa esigabeni esilandelayo sokulingisa se-PIC ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzulazula okungafunwa.
Imodeli ye-HFS yonke iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Iqukethe izigaba ezimbili ze-SDV-SWS, ezixhunywe yi-Bragg reflectors.Umsebenzi we-reflector ukunqamula ukudluliswa kwesignali phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili, ukucindezela i-oscillation kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezindlela ezingasebenzi ezifana nezindlela eziphezulu ze-oda ezenziwe phakathi komugqa ongaphezulu nophansi we-tape blades, ngokuthuthukiswa komugqa we-tape we-stape, lapho i-stape blades yonke. I-coupler iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuxhuma i-SWS ku-waveguide ejwayelekile ye-WR-4.I-coefficient yokudlulisela yesakhiwo esinamazinga amabili ikalwa nge-solver yesizinda sesikhathi ku-software yokulingisa ye-3D. Uma kucatshangelwa umphumela wangempela webhande le-terahertz endabeni, impahla yemvilophu yevacuum ekuqaleni isethwe ibe yithusi, futhi conductivity yehliselwa ku-5m/12.
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa imiphumela yokudlulisela ye-HFS enama-coupling tapered angenawo futhi angenawo. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-coupler inomphumela omncane ekusebenzeni kokudlulisela kwayo yonke i-HFS.Ukulahlekelwa kokubuyisela (S11 < - 10 dB) nokulahlekelwa kokufaka (S21 > − 5 dB) yalo lonke uhlelo ku-207GHz ~ 280 yokudlulisa okuhle kwe-FS kubonisa ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kwe-HFS ku-207~280.
Njengokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-vacuum electronic, isibhamu se-electron sinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi idivayisi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele okukhiphayo.Kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwe-HFS eSigabeni II, i-EOS eyi-dual-beam idinga ukuklanywa ukuze inikeze amandla anele.Kule ngxenye, ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wangaphambilini ku-W-band8,9, isibhamu se-electron eyipensela ephindwe kabili siklanywe kusetshenziswa i-planar mask mask ingxenye kanye nokulawula kwe-SWA ye-electrodes ekhonjiswe ku-IGA yokuklama kuqala.I-2, i-voltage yokushayela i-Ua yemishayo ye-electron iqale isethelwe ku-20 kV, imisinga I yemishayo ye-electron yomibili ingu-80 mA, kanye nobubanzi be-beam dw yemishayo ye-electron ingu-0.13 mm. i-nsity ye-electron beam yi-603 A / cm2, futhi ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-cathode kungu-86 A / cm2, okungafinyelelwa ngalokhu Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ze-cathode.Ngokombono wokuklama we-14, 15, 16, 17, isibhamu se-electron se-Pierce singabonakala ngokukhethekile.
Umfanekiso wesi-5 ubonisa imidwebo yeskimu evundlile neqondile yesibhamu, ngokulandelanayo.Kungabonakala ukuthi iphrofayili yesibhamu se-electron ku-x-direction icishe ifane nesibhamu se-electron esifana neshidi, kuyilapho ku-y-direction imishayo emibili yama-electron ihlukaniswa ngokwengxenye yi-mask = 5 mm, i-x5 mm0 izikhundla eziku-x 5 = x 0. = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, ngokulandelana.Ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuklama isilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nosayizi womjovo we-electron, ubukhulu bezindawo ezimbili ze-cathode zinqunywa ukuthi zibe ngu-0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Ukuze kwenziwe inkambu kagesi egxilile etholwe ugongolo lwe-electron ngayinye ku-x-direction symmetrical mayelana nesikhungo sayo, leli phepha lisebenzisa i-electrode yokulawula kusibhamu se-electron. Ngokumisa i-voltage ye-electrode egxilile kanye ne-electrode yokulawula ibe -20 kV, kanye ne-voltage ye-anode ibe ngu-0 V, singathola i-electrode ekhonjisiwe njengoba isibhamu singabonakala. ama-electron anokucindezela okuhle ku-y-direction, futhi ugongolo lwe-electron ngalunye luguqukela ku-x-direction eduze kwesikhungo saso sokulinganisa, okubonisa ukuthi i-electrode yokulawula ibhalansisa insimu kagesi engalingani ekhiqizwa i-electrode egxilile.
Umfanekiso wesi-7 ubonisa imvilophu ye-beam eziqondisweni ze-x kanye ne-y. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ibanga le-projection ye-electron beam ku-x-direction lihlukile kulokho ku-y-direction.Ibanga lokujikijela ku-x isiqondiso limayelana no-4mm, futhi ibanga lokuphonsa ku-y isiqondiso liseduze ne-7mm.Ngakho-ke, ibanga langempela lokuphonsa kufanele likhethwe phakathi kwe-8 mm ye-cross 4. mm ukusuka endaweni ye-cathode.Singabona ukuthi ukuma kwesigaba sesiphambano siseduze kakhulu ne-standard circular electron beam.Ibanga phakathi kwemishayo ye-electron emibili iseduze no-0.31 mm oklanyelwe, futhi i-radius imayelana ne-0.13 mm, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama.Umdwebo 9 ubonisa imiphumela yokulingisa ye-boam current.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi okushayela ezinhlelweni ezingokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha ukuzwela kwamandla kagesi ale modeli.Ebangeni lamandla kagesi angu-19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, kutholakala imvilophu yamanje neye-beam, njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 no-Figure 1.10 no-11. Ngemiphumela, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-electron ye-elektroni eyi-envelope yamanje akunawo umthelela osuka ku-electron ye-am 0 yamanje. .74 kuya ku-0.78 A. Ngakho-ke, kungacatshangwa ukuthi isibhamu se-electron esakhiwe kuleli phepha sinokuzwela okuhle ku-voltage.
Umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi ezimvilophini ze-x- kanye ne-y-direction.
Inkambu yokugxila kazibuthe efanayo iwuhlelo olujwayelekile olujwayelekile lukazibuthe lokugxila.Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwensimu kazibuthe efanayo kuwo wonke isiteshi somugqa, ifaneleka kakhulu imishayo ye-electron e-axisymmetric.Kulesi sigaba, isistimu yokugxilisa kazibuthe efanayo yokugcina ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kwemishayo yepensela ephindwe kabili iyahlongozwa.Ngokuhlaziya inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqiziwe kanye nesikimu se-beam yinkinga ye-envelope ephakanyisiwe, inkinga yokuklama imvilophu ehlongoziwe. ithiyori yokudlulisela ezinzile yohlaka lwepensela elilodwa18,19, inani lensimu kazibuthe ye-Brillouin lingabalwa ngesibalo (2).Kuleli phepha, futhi sisebenzisa lokhu kulingana ukuze silinganisele inkambu kazibuthe yohlaka lwepensela oluphindwe kabili olusatshalaliswe eceleni. Kuhlanganiswe nesibhamu se-electron esiklanywe kuleli phepha, inani lendawo kazibuthe elibaliwe0 licishe libe ngu-Gs4Accord0 kuya ku-Ref.020, 1.5-2 izikhathi inani elibaliwe livame ukukhethwa kumiklamo ebonakalayo.
Umfanekiso we-12 ubonisa ukwakheka kwensimu efanayo kazibuthe egxile ohlelweni lwensimu.Ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyizibuthe unomphela ozibuthe ekuqondeni kwe-axial.Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo yi-NdFeB noma i-FeCoNi.I-remanence Br isethwe kumodeli yokulingisa ingu-1.3 T futhi ukungeneka kungu-1.05.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuzinzile kwe-axial, ubude be-7 mm buwubukhulu besetha kusethi yokuqala. uzibuthe esiqondisweni sika-x inquma ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe transverse esiteshini ugongolo iyunifomu, okudinga ukuthi ubukhulu isiqondiso x angeke ibe mncane kakhulu.Ngasikhathi sinye, uma kucatshangelwa izindleko kanye nesisindo lonke ishubhu, ubukhulu uzibuthe akufanele kube mkhulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ozibuthe zisethwe ekuqaleni 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mm isistimu ibekwe kancane, ukugxila ohlelweni canve lonke, i-70 mm ibekwe kancane. phakathi kukazibuthe kusethwe ku-20mm.
Ngo-2015, u-Purna Chandra Panda21 uhlongoze ucezu lwesigxobo esinembobo entsha enezitebhisi ohlelweni lokugxila olufana nozibuthe, olungaqhubeka nokunciphisa ubukhulu bokuvuza okugelezayo ku-cathode kanye nenkundla kazibuthe enqamulayo ekhiqizwa emgodini wesiqephu sesigxobo. 0.5mm, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo zezingcezu zezigxobo ngu-2mm, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 13.
Umfanekiso 14a ubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu kazibuthe ye-axial eduze kwemigqa emaphakathi yemishayo ye-electron emibili.Kungabonakala ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ahambisana nemishayo ye-electron amabili ayalingana.Inani lensimu kazibuthe licishe libe ngama-6000 Gs, okuyizikhathi ezingu-1.5 kunenkundla yethiyori ye-Brillouin yokwandisa ukudluliswa nokugxila kokusebenza.Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-cathodic field inomphumela omuhle wokuthi isigxobo sikazibuthe sivimbela inkambu kazibuthe ecishe ibe ngu-000 Ukuvuza okuguquguqukayo kazibuthe.Umfanekiso 14b ubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu kazibuthe enqamulayo Ngohlangothi luka-z onqenqemeni olungenhla lwemishayo yama-electron amabili.Kungabonakala ukuthi indawo kazibuthe enqamulayo ingaphansi kwama-200 Gs kuphela embotsheni yesigxobo, kuyilapho kuyisekethe yegagasi elihamba kancane, inkambu kazibuthe icishe ibe ziro, okufakazela ukuthi ithonya likazibuthe le-polegi livimbele ukuguquguquka kwe-electron ku-polegi ye-electron transverse. , kuyadingeka ukutadisha amandla kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwezingcezu zesigxobo.Umfanekiso 14c ubonisa inani eliphelele lokusatshalaliswa kwamagnetic field ngaphakathi kwesigxobo sesigxobo.Kungabonakala ukuthi inani eliphelele lamandla kazibuthe lingaphansi kwe-1.2T, okubonisa ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kazibuthe kwesiqephu sesigxobo ngeke kwenzeke.
Ukusabalalisa amandla enkambu kazibuthe ku-Br = 1.3 T.(a) Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkambu ye-axial.(b) Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkambu elandelanayo Ngohlangothi luka-z.(c) Inani eliphelele lokusatshalaliswa kwenkundla ngaphakathi kwesiqeshana sepali.
Ngokusekelwe kumojula ye-CST PS, indawo ehlobene ne-axial yesibhamu se-double beam kanye nesistimu yokugxila ithuthukisiwe.Ngokuvumelana ne-Ref.9 kanye nokulingiswa, indawo elungile ilapho ucezu lwe-anode ludlula ucezu lwesigxobo kude nozibuthe.Nokho, kutholwe ukuthi uma i-remanence isethelwe ku-1.3T, ukudluliswa kwe-electron beam akukwazanga ukufinyelela ku-99%.Ngokwandisa i-remanence ibe yi-1.4 T, inkambu kazibuthe egxilile izokwengezwa ku-0s kuya ku-Goz yohlelo lwe-Goz be-65 gure 15. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-beam inokudluliswa okuhle, ukuguquguquka okuncane, kanye nebanga lokudlulisela elikhulu kuno-45mm.
Ama-trajectories emishayo yamapensela akabili ngaphansi kwesistimu kazibuthe ene-homogeneous ene-Br = 1.4 T.(a) indiza ye-xoz.(b) indiza yoz.
Umfanekiso we-16 ubonisa i-cross-section ye-beam ezindaweni ezihlukene kude ne-cathode.Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuma kwesigaba se-beam ohlelweni lokugxila kugcinwa kahle, futhi ububanzi besigaba abushintshi kakhulu.Umfanekiso we-17 ubonisa imvilophu ye-beam eziqondisweni ze-x kanye ne-y, ngokulandelana. .Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi yamanje icishe ibe ngu-2 × 80 mA, ehambisana nenani elibaliwe ekwakhiweni kwesibhamu se-electron.
I-electron beam cross section (enesistimu yokugxila) ezindaweni ezihlukene kude ne-cathode.
Uma kucatshangelwa uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezinjengamaphutha omhlangano, ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, kanye nezinguquko kumandla kazibuthe ekucutshungulweni kwezicelo ezingokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ukuzwela kwesistimu yokugxilisa ingqondo.Ngenxa yokuthi kunegebe phakathi kocezu lwe-anode nesigxobo sokucutshungulwa kwangempela, leli gebe lidinga ukusethwa ekufaniseni.Inani legebe lalibekwe ku-0.2 mm futhi libonisa ukuthi umphumela wamanje ube yi-envelope. ukuguqulwa kwemvilophu ye-beam akubalulekile futhi okwamanje i-beam ayiguquki neze.Ngakho-ke, uhlelo alunandaba namaphutha omhlangano.Ngokuguquguquka kwe-voltage yokushayela, ububanzi bephutha lusethelwe ku-±0.5 kV.Umfanekiso 19b ubonisa imiphumela yokuqhathanisa.Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage kunomphumela omncane kumvilophu ye-beam kuya ku-3 Iphutha le-compari ye-000. imiphumela iboniswa ku-Figure 20.Kungabonakala ukuthi imvilophu yesigxobo ayishintshi neze, okusho ukuthi yonke i-EOS ayinandaba nezinguquko kumandla kazibuthe.
Imvilophu ye-beam nemiphumela yamanje ngaphansi kwesistimu yokugxila kazibuthe efanayo.(a) Ukubekezelela kwe-Assembly kungu-0.2 mm.(b) Ukushintshashintsha kwe-voltage yokushayela ngu-±0.5 kV.
Imvilophu yebhimu ngaphansi kwesistimu yokugxila kazibuthe efanayo ene-axial magnetic field eguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-0.63 ukuya ku-0.68 T.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo lokugxila oluklanywe kuleli phepha lungahambisana ne-HFS, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokugxila kanye ne-HFS yocwaningo.Umfanekiso we-21 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwamamvilophu e-beam ne-HFS elayishiwe futhi ngaphandle kokulayishwa.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi imvilophu ye-beam ayishintshi kakhulu uma yonke i-HFS ilayishwa.Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokugxila lufanelekile umklamo we-HFS ohamba ngenhla.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukulunga kwe-EOS ehlongozwayo kuSigaba III futhi uphenye ukusebenza kwe-220 GHz SDV-TWT, ukulingisa kwe-3D-PIC kokusebenzisana kwe-beam-wave kwenziwa.Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesofthiwe yokulingisa, asikwazanga ukwengeza yonke i-EOS ku-HFS.Ngakho-ke, isibhamu se-electron sashintshwa nge-emitting surface kanye ne-0mm yebanga elilinganayo le-0 mm phakathi kwebanga elilinganayo le-0 mm phakathi kwebanga elilinganayo le-0 mm. .31mm, imingcele efanayo nesibhamu se-electron esiklanywe ngenhla.Ngenxa yokungezwani nokuzinza okuhle kwe-EOS, amandla ombane okushayela angenziwa kahle ukuze kufinyelelwe amandla aphumayo angcono kakhulu ekulingiseni kwe-PIC. Imiphumela yokulingisa ibonisa ukuthi amandla okukhiphayo agcwele kanye nenzuzo ingatholakala ku-voltage yokushayela engu-20.6 kV, i-beam current engu-2 m5/20 × 80 × 80 cm, no-30 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 mA.
Ukuze uthole isignali ephumayo engcono kakhulu, inani lemijikelezo nalo lidinga ukuthuthukiswa.Amandla okukhiphayo angcono kakhulu atholakala lapho inani lezigaba ezimbili liyimijikelezo engu-42 + 48, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 22a.A 0.05 W isignali yokufaka ikhuliswa ibe ngu-314 W ngenzuzo engu-38 dB.I-purepu yamandla ephumayo i-Fourking GHz i-2GHz i-pure spectrum etholwe yi-FastT GHz i-re 22b ibonisa ukuma kwe-axial yokusabalalisa kwamandla e-electron ku-SWS, nama-electron amaningi alahlekelwa amandla.Lo mphumela ubonisa ukuthi i-SDV-SWS ingaguqula amandla e-kinetic wama-electron abe amasignali e-RF, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukukhuliswa kwesignali.
Isignali yokuphumayo ye-SDV-SWS ku-220 GHz.(a) Amandla okukhiphayo ane-spectrum efakiwe.(b) Ukusabalalisa amandla kwama-electron nge-electron beam ekugcineni kwesifakwa se-SWS.
Umfanekiso 23 ukhombisa umkhawulokudonsa wamandla okukhiphayo kanye nokuzuzwa kwe-dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT.Ukusebenza kokuphumayo kungathuthukiswa nakakhulu ngokushanela amaza asuka ku-200 kuya ku-275 GHz nokuthuthukisa i-voltage yedrayivu.Lo mphumela ubonisa ukuthi umkhawulokudonsa ongu-3-dB ungamboza umkhawulokudonsa ongu-205 kuya ku-275 okusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-can-275 GHz okukhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-Fig. 2a, siyazi ukuthi kukhona i-stop band phakathi kwezindlela ezingavamile ngisho, ezingase ziholele ekuguqeni okungafuneki.Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi ezungeze izitobhi kudinga ukufundwa.Izibalo ezingu-24a-c ziyimiphumela yokulingisa ye-20 ns ku-265.3 GHz, 265.35 GHz, imiphumela ye-56 GHz ingabonwa. ama-ctuations, amandla okukhiphayo azinzile uma kuqhathaniswa.I-spectrum nayo ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 24 ngokulandelanayo, i-spectrum ihlanzekile.Le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi akukho ukuzishintshanisa ngokwakho eduze kwe-stopband.
Ukwenziwa nokulinganisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwayo yonke i-HFS.Kule ngxenye, i-HFS yenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha yokulawula izinombolo (CNC) enobubanzi bethuluzi obungu-0.1 mm nokunemba kwemishini engu-10 μm. Impahla yesakhiwo se-high-frequency inikezwa yi-oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFguHC) i-copper6 yonke isakhiwo sinobude be-6a.5. 0 mm, ububanzi obungu-20.00 mm nobude obungu-8.66 mm.Izimbobo zezikhonkwane eziyisishiyagalombili zisakazwa nxazonke zesakhiwo.Umfanekiso 25b ubonisa isakhiwo ngokuskena i-electron microscopy (SEM).Ama-blades alesi sakhiwo akhiqizwa ngokulinganayo futhi anobulukhuni obuhle.Ngemva kokulinganisa okunembile, ukulinganisa okuqondile kwe-5, i-roughness ye-surface. izidingo zokuklama nokunemba.
Umfanekiso 26 ubonisa ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwemiphumela yokuhlola yangempela kanye nokulingiswa kokusebenza kokudlulisela.Imbobo 1 kanye Nembobo yesi-2 kuMfanekiso 26a zihambisana nezimbobo zokufakwayo neziphumayo ze-HFS, ngokulandelana, futhi zilingana ne-Port 1 kanye ne-Port 4 kuMfanekiso 3. Imiphumela yangempela yokulinganisa ye-S11 ingcono kancane kunesikhathi sokulingisa imiphumela. ekufanisweni kuphezulu kakhulu futhi ubulukhuni bobuso ngemva komshini wangempela bubi.Sekukonke, imiphumela elinganisiwe ivumelana kahle nemiphumela yokulingisa, futhi umkhawulokudonsa wokudlulisela uhlangabezana nemfuneko ye-70 GHz, eqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka nokunemba kwemodi ehlongozwayo ye-dual-mode ye-SDV-TWT.Ngakho-ke, kuhlangene nemiphumela, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-dual ehlongozwayo ye-DVra-SDB le-projected TWra-SDT iphepha lingasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
Kuleli phepha, kuvezwa umklamo oningiliziwe wokusatshalaliswa kwepulani engu-220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT.Inhlanganisela yokusebenza kwemodi ekabili kanye nesasasa le-dual-beam kwandisa kakhulu umkhawulokudonsa wokusebenza namandla okukhiphayo.Ukwenziwa nokuhlolwa okubandayo nakho kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulunga kwayo yonke i-HFS.Imiphumela yangempela yokulinganisa ivumelana kahle nemiphumela yokulingisa.Ku-EOS eklanyelwe imishayo emibili, isigaba semaski kanye nama-electrode okulawula asetshenziswe ndawonye ukuze kukhiqizwe ugongolo lwamapensela amabili. Ngaphansi komfaniswano oklanyelwe ogxile endaweni kazibuthe, induku ye-electron ingasakazwa ngokuzinzile emabangeni amade ngokuma okuhle. kuleli phepha lihlanganisa ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokucubungula indiza evuthiwe, futhi libonisa amandla amakhulu ezinkomba zokusebenza kanye nokucubungula nokuhlanganisa.Ngakho-ke, leli phepha likholelwa ukuthi isakhiwo se-planar cishe singaba umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-electronic vacuum ebhendi ye-terahertz.
Iningi ledatha eluhlaza kanye namamodeli okuhlaziya kulolu cwaningo afakiwe kuleli phepha.Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile lungatholakala kumbhali ohambelanayo uma kunesicelo esifanele.
Gamzina, D. et al.Nanoscale CNC machining of sub-terahertz vacuum electronics.IEEE Trans.electronic devices.63, 4067–4073 (2016).
I-Malekabadi, A. kanye ne-Paoloni, C. UV-LIGA microfabrication ye-sub-terahertz waveguides isebenzisa i-multilayer SU-8 photoresist.J.I-Micromechanics.Microelectronics.26, 095010. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/26/9/095010 (2016).
Dhillon, SS et al.2017 THz technology roadmap.J.I-Physics.D izosebenza.physics.50, 043001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/50/4/043001 (2017).
I-Shin, YM, Barnett, LR & Luhmann, NC Ukuvalelwa okuqinile kokusakazwa kwegagasi le-plasmonic nge-ultra-broadband eyagingqika ephindwe kabili ye-waveguides.application.physics.Wright.93, 221504. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3041686 (20).
Baig, A. et al.Ukusebenza kwe-Nano CNC Machined 220-GHz Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier.IEEE Trans.electronic devices.64, 590–592 (2017).
U-Han, Y. & Ruan, CJ Iphenya ukungazinzi kwe-diocotron kwemishayo ye-electron yeshidi elibanzi ngokungenamkhawulo kusetshenziswa ithiyori yemodeli yoketshezi olubandayo olumakhroscopic.Chin Phys B. 20, 104101. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/20/10/10/10).
Galdetskiy, AV esethubeni lokukhulisa umkhawulokudonsa ngesakhiwo esiplaniwe sogodo ku-klystron ye-multibeam.Engqungqutheleni ye-12 ye-IEEE Yomhlaba Wonke ye-Vacuum Electronics, e-Bangalore, India, 5747003, 317–318 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2010.
Nguyen, CJ et al. Ukudizayina kwezibhamu zama-electron ezinezingongolo ezintathu ezinohlaka oluncane lokusabalalisa indiza ehlukanisayo ku-W-band enyakazayo enamahlombe ahambayo eshubhu[J].Science.Rep.11, 940.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80276-3 (2021).
U-Wang, PP, Su, YY, Zhang, Z., Wang, WB & Ruan, CJ Planar usabalalise isistimu ye-electron optical enemishayo emithathu enokuhlukaniswa kwemishayo emincane yemodi eyisisekelo ye-W-band TWT.IEEE Trans.electronic devices.68, 5215–5219 (2021).
Zhan, M. Ucwaningo ngeshubhu elijikelezayo le-Double-Blade Travelling Wave eneMillimeter-Wave Sheet Beams 20-22 (PhD, Beihang University, 2018).
U-Ruan, CJ, Zhang, HF, Tao, J. & He, Y. Ukufunda ngokuzinza kokusebenzisana kwe-beam-wave kweshubhu yegagasi elijikelezayo enamacele amabili aphuma kabili.2018 Ingqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yama-43 Ye-Infrared Milimeter kanye Ne-Terahertz Waves, Nagoya.8510263, https://doi.org10263, https://doi.org10263. (2018).