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Kuleli phepha, kuhlongozwa ishubhu yegagasi elihamba ngezinyawo elingu-220GHz broadband high-leaved double blade elihambayo lidizayinelwe futhi laqinisekiswa.Okokuqala, kuhlongozwa uhlaka lwamagagasi oluhamba ngezinyawo oluphindwe kabili olunyakazayo. Ngokusebenzisa isikimu sokusebenza semodi ekabili, ukusebenza kokudlulisela kanye nomkhawulokudonsa kucishe kuphindwe kabili kwalokho kwemodi eyodwa.Okwesibili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimfuneko zeshubhu yokuhamba phezulu, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokusimama kweshubhu yokuhamba. Isistimu ye-electronic optical emise okwepensela iklanyelwe, i-voltage yokushayela ingu-20 ~ 21 kV, futhi yamanje ingu-2 × 80 mA. Izinhloso zokuklama. Ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yemaski nokulawula i-electrode kusibhamu se-double beam, imishayo emibili yepensela ingagxilwa eduze kwezikhungo zayo nge-compression ratio engu-7, i-focussion ratio ye-7, i-focussion system i-8. Ibanga lokudlulisela elizinzile le-planar double electron beam lingafinyelela ku-45 mm, futhi inkambu kazibuthe egxilile ingu-0.6 T, eyanele ukumboza lonke uhlelo lwe-high frequency (HFS). Bese, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenziseka kwesistimu ye-electron-optical kanye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo se-slow-wave, i-particle cell (PIC) imiphumela yokulinganisa ingakwazi ukufeza lonke uhlelo lwe-HFS. Amandla aphezulu okukhiphayo acishe abe ngu-310 W ku-220 GHz, i-voltage ye-beam elungiselelwe ngu-20.6 kV, i-beam current ingu-2 × 80 mA, inzuzo ingu-38 dB, futhi umkhawulokudonsa ongu-3-dB wedlula u-35 dB cishe u-70 GHz. Umkhawulokudonsa kanye nezici zokudlulisa zivumelana kahle nemiphumela yokulingisa.Ngakho-ke, uhlelo oluhlongozwayo kuleli phepha kulindeleke ukuthi luthuthukise imithombo yemisebe ye-terahertz-band enamandla amakhulu, i-ultra-broadband terahertz-band enamandla okusebenza esikhathini esizayo.
Njengesisetshenziswa se-electronic vacuum yendabuko, i-wave wave tube (TWT) idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana ne-radar enesinqumo esiphezulu, izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, nokuhlola indawo1,2,3.Nokho, njengoba imvamisa yokusebenza ingena ebhendini ye-terahertz, i-TWT yendabuko ehlanganisiwe-cavity kanye ne-helical TWT ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa ophansi, amandla okukhiqiza abantu abangakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezilinganiselwe zokukhiqiza. izinqubo.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthuthukisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwebhendi ye-THz isiyinkinga ekhathazayo kakhulu ezikhungweni eziningi zocwaningo lwesayensi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izakhiwo ze-slow-wave (SWSs), ezifana nezakhiwo ezinyakazayo ze-dual-blade (SDV) kanye nezakhiwo ezigoqiwe ze-waveguide (FW), zithole ukunakwa okubanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zenoveli ezingase zibe khona ze-SD-S. ngu-UC-Davis ngo-20084.Isakhiwo se-planar singenziwa kalula ngamasu okucubungula ama-micro-nano afana nokulawula izinombolo zekhompiyutha (CNC) kanye ne-UV-LIGA, isakhiwo sephakheji yensimbi yonke singanikeza amandla amakhulu okushisa ngamandla aphezulu okukhipha kanye nenzuzo, futhi isakhiwo esifana ne-waveguide singahlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa obanzi wokusebenza. amandla aphezulu angaphezu kuka-100 W kanye namasiginali womkhawulokudonsa we-GHz acishe abe ngu-14 ku-G-band5. Nokho, le miphumela isenamagebe angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlobene zamandla aphezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi ebhendini ye-terahertz. Ku-UC-Davis's G-band SDV-TWT, imishayo ye-electron yeshidi isetshenzisiwe. ibanga lokudlulisela ngenxa yokungaqini kwe-sheet beam electron optical system (EOS), futhi kukhona umhubhe we-over-mode we-beam, ongase futhi ubangele ukuthi i-beam ikwazi ukuzilawula. - I-Excitation and oscillation 6,7.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla aphezulu okukhiphayo, umkhawulokudonsa obanzi nokuzinza okuhle kwe-THz TWT, i-SDV-SWS ye-dual-beam SDV-SWS enemodi ekabili ihlongozwa kuleli phepha.Okungukuthi, ukuze kwandiswe umkhawulokudonsa wokusebenza, ukusebenza kwemodi emibili kuhlongozwa futhi kwethulwe kulesi sakhiwo, ukusabalalisa amandla okuphindwe kabili kuya ku-oda lokuphindaphinda kwe-penciar. iphinde isetshenziswe.Amarediyo ensimbi yepensela eyodwa mancane uma kuqhathaniswa ngenxa yemikhawulo yosayizi ome mpo.Uma ukuminyana kwamanje kuphezulu kakhulu, umthamo wamanje kufanele uncishiswe, okuholela emandleni okukhiphayo amancane kakhulu.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-beam current, i-planar esabalalisiwe ye-multibeam EOS iye yavela, esebenzisa usayizi we-lateral we-SWS.Ngenxa yokusabalalisa okuphumayo kwamandla okuzimele, i-tunnel ye-multiple ingakwazi ukusabalalisa amandla amaningi. ukugcina isamba esiphezulu somthamo wamanje kanye nomthamo omncane wamanje nge-beam ngayinye, engagwema umhubhe we-overmode we-beam uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi we-sheet-beam.Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-wave wave tube.Ngokwesisekelo somsebenzi wangaphambilini8,9, leli phepha lihlongoza i-G-band uniform magnetic field egxile i-double pencil beam EOS, engathuthukisa kakhulu ibanga lokudluliswa kwe-stable futhi ithuthukise kakhulu indawo yokudlulisa i-stable amandla okukhiphayo.
Isakhiwo saleli phepha simi kanje.Okokuqala, umklamo weseli we-SWS onemingcele, ukuhlaziya izici zokusabalalisa kanye nemiphumela yokulingisa imvamisa ephezulu kuyachazwa.Khona-ke, ngokusho kwesakhiwo seyunithi yeyunithi, i-EOS yepensela ephindwe kabili kanye nesistimu yokusebenzisana ye-beam yakhelwe kuleli phepha.Imiphumela yokwengezwa kwezinhlayiyana ze-Intracellular nazo zethulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwe-SDV, indwangu ebandayo ye-TW kanye nokusebenza okubandayo kwephephaT. imiphumela yokuhlola yokuqinisekisa ukulunga kwayo yonke i-HFS.Ekugcineni yenza isifinyezo.
Njengenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-TWT, izakhiwo ezihlakazekayo zesakhiwo se-slow-wave zibonisa ukuthi isivinini se-electron sifana nesivinini sesigaba se-SWS, futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzelaneni kwe-beam-wave. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo yonke i-TWT, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sokusebenzisana esithuthukisiwe. ipeni ugongolo, isakhiwo usebenzisa ipeni double ugongolo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okukhipha kanye nokusebenza ukuzinza. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuze kwandiswe umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo, kuhlongozwa imodi embaxambili ukuze i-SWS isebenze.Ngenxa yokulinganisa kwesakhiwo se-SDV, isisombululo se-electromagnetic field dispersion equation singahlukaniswa sibe izindlela ezingavamile futhi ezilinganayo. ukusebenzisana, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo.
Ngokwezidingo zamandla, ishubhu lonke liklanywe nge-voltage yokushayela engu-20 kV kanye ne-double beam current engu-2 × 80 mA. Ukuze ufanise i-voltage eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nomkhawulokudonsa wokusebenza we-SDV-SWS, sidinga ukubala ubude benkathi p.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage ye-beam nesikhathi kuboniswa ku-equation (1)10:
Ngokusetha ukushintsha kwesigaba ku-2.5π ku-220 GHz emaphakathi, inkathi p ingabalwa ibe ngu-0.46 mm.Umfanekiso 2a ubonisa izici zokusabalalisa zeyunithi yeseli ye-SWS.I-beamline engu-20 kV ihambisana kahle kakhulu nejika le-bimodal.Amabhendi efrikhwensi afanayo angafinyelela eduze kuka-70 GHz–2odd 51 GHz kumodi engu-2. 265.4–280 GHz (ngisho nemodi) ububanzi.Umfanekiso 2b ubonisa isilinganiso sokuvimba ukuhlanganisa, esikhulu kuno-0.6 Ω ukusuka ku-210 kuya ku-290 GHz, okubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana okunamandla kungase kwenzeke kumkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo.
(a) Izici zokuhlakazeka zemodi ekabili ye-SDV-SWS enomugqa we-electron wamagagasi angu-20 kV.(b) Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisana kwesekethe ye-SDV yegagasi elihamba kancane.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona igebe lebhande phakathi kwezindlela ezingavamile kanye nezilinganayo, futhi ngokuvamile sibhekisela kuleli gebe lebhendi njengebhande lokumisa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2a.Uma i-TWT isebenza eduze kwaleli bhande lokuvama, amandla okuhlanganisa ama-beam aqinile angase avele, okuzoholela ekuzuleni okungafunwa. yalesi sakhiwo se-slow-wave singu-0.1 GHz kuphela.Kunzima ukunquma ukuthi leli gebe lebhendi elincane libangela ukuzungeza.Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kokusebenza eduze kwebhendi yokumisa kuzophenywa esigabeni esilandelayo sokulingisa se-PIC ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzulazula okungafunwa.
Imodeli ye-HFS yonke iboniswe kuMdwebo 3. Iqukethe izigaba ezimbili ze-SDV-SWS, ezixhunywe yi-Bragg reflectors.Umsebenzi we-reflector ukunqamula ukudluliswa kwesignali phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili, ukucindezela i-oscillation kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezindlela ezingasebenzi ezifana nezindlela eziphezulu ze-oda ezenziwe phakathi kwe-top and lowly blades ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-tube yonke, ngokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwe-tube. i-linear tapered coupler iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuxhuma i-SWS ku-WR-4 standard waveguide.I-coefficient yokudlulisela yesakhiwo esinamazinga amabili ikalwa ngesixazululi sesizinda sesikhathi ku-software yokulingisa ye-3D. Uma kucatshangelwa umphumela wangempela webhande le-terahertz endabeni, okubalulekile kwemvilophu yevacuum kuncishisiwe ekuqaleni ukuze kube yithusi, futhi i-conductivity yi-1m/22.
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa imiphumela yokudlulisela ye-HFS enama-coupling tapered angenawo futhi angenawo. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-coupler inomphumela omncane ekusebenzeni kokudlulisela kwayo yonke i-HFS.Ukulahlekelwa kokubuyisela (S11 < - 10 dB) nokulahlekelwa kokufaka (S21 > − 5 dB) yalo lonke uhlelo ku-207GHz ~ 280 yokudlulisa okuhle kwe-FS kubonisa ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kwe-HFS ku-207~280.
Njengokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-vacuum electronic, isibhamu se-electron sinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi idivayisi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele okukhiphayo.Kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwe-HFS eSigabeni II, i-EOS eyi-dual-beam idinga ukuklanywa ukuze inikeze amandla anele.Kule ngxenye, ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wangaphambilini ku-W-band8,9, isibhamu se-electron ipensela ephindwe kabili siklanywe kusetshenziswa i-planar mask izidingo ze-SWA ekhonjiswe kungxenye yokuklama ye-SWA kuqala. I-FIG. 2, i-voltage yokushayela i-Ua yemishayo ye-electron iqale isethelwe ku-20 kV, imisinga I yemishayo ye-electron yomibili ingu-80 mA, kanti ububanzi be-beam dw yemishayo ye-electron ingu-0.13 mm. I-7, ngakho-ke ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-electron beam yi-603 A / cm2, futhi ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-cathode yi-86 A / cm2, okungafinyelelwa ngayo Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ze-cathode.Ngokombono wokuklama 14, 15, 16, 17, isibhamu se-electron esiyingqayizivele se-Pierce singatholakala.
Umfanekiso wesi-5 ubonisa imidwebo yeskimu evundlile neqondile yesibhamu, ngokulandelana.Kungabonakala ukuthi iphrofayili yesibhamu se-electron ku-x-direction icishe ifane nesibhamu se-electron esifana neshidi, kuyilapho ku-y-direction imishayo emibili yama-electron ihlukaniswa ngokwengxenye yi-mask = ama-5mm = ama-cathodes angu-1 = x 5. 0 mm kanye x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, ngokulandelana.Ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuklama isilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nosayizi womjovo we-electron, ubukhulu bezindawo ezimbili ze-cathode zinqunywa ukuthi zibe ngu-0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Ukuze kwenziwe inkambu kagesi egxilile etholwe ugongolo lwe-electron ngayinye ku-x-direction symmetrical mayelana nesikhungo sayo, leli phepha lisebenzisa i-electrode yokulawula kusibhamu se-electron. Ngokusetha i-voltage ye-electrode egxilile kanye ne-electrode yokulawula ibe -20 kV, kanye ne-voltage ye-anode ibe ngu-0 V, singathola i-electrode ekhonjisiwe njengoba isibhamu singase siboniswe. sibone ukuthi ama-electron akhishiwe anokucindezela okuhle ku-y-direction, futhi i-electron beam ngayinye iguqukela ku-x-direction eduze kwesikhungo sayo sokulinganisa, okubonisa ukuthi i-electrode yokulawula ibhalansisa insimu kagesi engalingani ekhiqizwa i-electrode egxilile.
Umfanekiso wesi-7 ubonisa imvilophu ye-beam eziqondisweni ze-x kanye ne-y. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ibanga lokuqagela le-electron beam ku-x-direction lihlukile kulokho ku-y-direction.Ibanga lokuphonsa ku-x isiqondiso limayelana no-4mm, futhi ibanga lokuphonsa ku-y isiqondiso liseduze no-7mm.Ngakho-ke, ibanga langempela lokuphonsa kufanele likhethwe phakathi kwe-8 mm ye-cross-electron kufanele ikhethwe phakathi kwe-8 mm ye-cross-begure. ku-4.6 mm ukusuka endaweni ye-cathode.Singabona ukuthi ukuma kwesigaba sesiphambano siseduze ne-standard circular electron beam.Ibanga phakathi kwemishayo emibili ye-electron liseduze ne-0.31 mm eklanyelwe, futhi i-radius imayelana ne-0.13 mm, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama.Umdwebo 9 ubonisa imiphumela yokulingisa ye-boam ebonwayo ukuthi i-7 yamanje ingaba yi-7 ye-current. nge-80mA eklanyelwe.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi okushayela ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha ukuzwela kwamandla kagesi ale modeli.Ebangeni lamandla kagesi angu-19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, kutholakala imvilophu yamanje neye-beam, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 noFigure 1.10 no-11. Ngemiphumela, kungabonakala ukuthi ukushintshwa kwe-electron ye-electron eshayelayo akunawo umthelela we-elektroni yokushayela. izinguquko kuphela kusuka ku-0.74 kuya ku-0.78 A. Ngakho-ke, kungacatshangwa ukuthi isibhamu se-electron esakhiwe kuleli phepha sinokuzwela okuhle ku-voltage.
Umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi ezimvilophini ze-x- kanye ne-y-direction.
Inkambu yokugxilisa kazibuthe efanayo iwuhlelo olujwayelekile olujwayelekile lukazibuthe lokugxila.Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwensimu kazibuthe efanayo kuwo wonke isiteshi somugqa, ifaneleka kakhulu imishayo ye-electron ye-axisymmetric.Kulesi sigaba, isistimu yokugxilisa kazibuthe efanayo yokugcina ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kwemishayo yepensela ephindwe kabili iyahlongozwa.Ngokuhlaziya inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqiziwe kanye nohlelo lwe-beam luyimvilophu ehlongozwayo, inkinga yomklamo imvilophu ehlongozwayo, inkinga yomklamo imvilophu ehlongozwayo. Ngokuvumelana nethiyori yokudlulisela ezinzile yohlaka lwepensela elilodwa18,19, inani le-Brillouin magnetic field lingabalwa nge-equation (2).Kuleli phepha, futhi sisebenzisa lokhu kulingana ukuze silinganisele inkambu kazibuthe yohlaka lwepensela oluphindwe kabili olusatshalaliswe eceleni.Kuhlanganiswe nesibhamu se-electron esiklanywe kuleli phepha, inani likazibuthe elingu-400 lilingana ne-G40rd ebaliwe. Ref. 20, 1.5-2 izikhathi inani elibaliwe livame ukukhethwa kumiklamo ebonakalayo.
Umfanekiso we-12 ubonisa ukwakheka kwensimu efanayo kazibuthe egxile ohlelweni lwensimu.Ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyizibuthe unomphela ozibuthe ekuqondeni kwe-axial.Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo yi-NdFeB noma i-FeCoNi.I-remanence Br isethwe kumodeli yokulingisa ingu-1.3 T futhi ukuvuza kungu-1.05.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuzinzile kwe-axial, ubude obuyi-7 mm kusethi yesekhethi kumjikelezo wokuqala we-7 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu uzibuthe esiqondisweni x inquma ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe eguquguqukayo esiteshini ugongolo iyunifomu, okudinga ukuthi ubukhulu isiqondiso x angeke ibe mncane kakhulu.Ngaso leso sikhathi, uma kucatshangelwa izindleko kanye nesisindo lonke tube, ubukhulu uzibuthe akufanele kube mkhulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, odonsa ekuqaleni usethelwe 150 mm × 150 mm isifunda kancane × 150 mm ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifunda kancane kancane × 150 mm ukucutshungulwa. ingafakwa ohlelweni lokugxilisa ingqondo, ibanga phakathi kukazibuthe libekwe ku-20mm.
Ngo-2015, u-Purna Chandra Panda21 uhlongoze ucezu lwesigxobo esinembobo entsha enezitebhisi ohlelweni lokugxila olufana nozibuthe, olungaqhubeka nokunciphisa ubukhulu bokuvuza okugelezayo ku-cathode kanye nenkundla kazibuthe enqamulayo ekhiqizwa emgodini wesiqephu sesigxobo. izinyathelo ezintathu zingu-0.5mm, kanti ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo zezingcezu zezigxobo ngu-2mm, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 13.
Umfanekiso 14a ubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-axial magnetic field eduze kwemigqa emaphakathi yemishayo yama-electron amabili.Kungabonakala ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ahambisana nemishayo yama-electron amabili ayalingana.Inani lensimu kazibuthe licishe libe ngu-6000 Gs, okuyizikhathi ezingu-1.5 zethiyori ye-Brillouin ukuze kukhuliswe ukudluliswa nokugxila kokusebenza.Ngaso leso sikhathi, isigxobo sikazibuthe cishe sinensimu kazibuthe cishe i-0 inensimu kazibuthe umphumela omuhle ekuvimbeleni ukuvuza okuguquguqukayo kazibuthe.Umfanekiso 14b ubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu kazibuthe enqamulayo Ngokuqondisa kuka-z onqenqemeni olungenhla lwemishayo yama-electron amabili.Kungabonakala ukuthi indawo kazibuthe enqamulayo ingaphansi kwama-200 Gs kuphela embotsheni yesigxobo, kuyilapho kuyisekethe yegagasi elihamba kancane, inkambu kazibuthe eguquguqukayo icishe ibe yiziro, okufakazela ukuthi indawo kazibuthe ibe yiziro. Ukuvimbela ukugcwaliswa kazibuthe kwezingcezu zesigxobo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha amandla kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwezingcezu zesigxobo.Umfanekiso 14c ubonisa inani eliphelele lokusatshalaliswa kwensimu kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwesiqephu sesigxobo.Kungabonakala ukuthi inani eliphelele lamandla kazibuthe lingaphansi kwe-1.2T, okubonisa ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kazibuthe kwesiqeshana se-pole ngeke kwenzeke.
Ukusabalalisa amandla enkambu kazibuthe ku-Br = 1.3 T.(a) Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkambu ye-axial.(b) Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkambu elandelanayo Ngohlangothi luka-z.(c) Inani eliphelele lokusatshalaliswa kwenkundla ngaphakathi kwesiqeshana sepali.
Ngokusekelwe kumojula ye-CST PS, indawo ehlobene ne-axial yesibhamu se-double beam kanye nesistimu yokugxila iyathuthukiswa.Ngokuvumelana ne-Ref. 9 kanye nokulingiswa, indawo elungile ilapho ucezu lwe-anode ludlula ucezu lwesigxobo kude nozibuthe.Nokho, kutholwe ukuthi uma i-remanence isethelwe ku-1.3T, ukudluliswa kwe-electron beam akukwazanga ukufinyelela ku-99%.Ngokwandisa ukushiyeka ku-1.4 T, inkambu kazibuthe egxilile izokwenyuswa i-0 kuya ku-Goz yo-6 I-Goz 6 izindiza zikhonjiswe kumfanekiso we-15. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-beam inokudlulisa okuhle, ukuguquguquka okuncane, kanye nebanga lokudlulisela elikhulu kuno-45mm.
Ama-trajectories emishayo yamapensela akabili ngaphansi kwesistimu kazibuthe ene-homogeneous ene-Br = 1.4 T.(a) indiza ye-xoz.(b) indiza yoz.
Umfanekiso we-16 ubonisa i-cross-section ye-beam ezindaweni ezihlukene kude ne-cathode.Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuma kwesigaba se-beam ohlelweni lokugxila kugcinwa kahle, futhi ububanzi besigaba abushintshi kakhulu.Umfanekiso we-17 ubonisa imvilophu ye-beam eziqondisweni ze-x kanye ne-y, ngokulandelana. we-beam current.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi okwamanje imayelana ne-2 × 80 mA, ehambisana nenani elibaliwe ekwakhiweni kwesibhamu se-electron.
I-electron beam cross section (enesistimu yokugxila) ezindaweni ezihlukene kude ne-cathode.
Uma kucatshangelwa uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezinjengamaphutha omhlangano, ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, nezinguquko kumandla kazibuthe ekucutshungulweni kwezicelo ezingokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ukuzwela kwesistimu yokugxilisa ingqondo.Ngenxa yokuthi kunegebe phakathi kwesiqephu se-anode nesigxobo ekucutshungulweni kwangempela, leli gebe lidinga ukusethwa ekufaniseni.Inani legebe lalibekwe ku-0.2 mm emvilophini futhi i-Figure ikhombisa imvilophu yamanje isiqondiso.Lo mphumela ubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwemvilophu ye-beam akubalulekile futhi okwamanje i-beam ayishintshi neze.Ngakho-ke, uhlelo alunandaba namaphutha omhlangano.Ngokuguquguquka kwe-voltage yokushayela, ububanzi bephutha busethelwe ku-± 0.5 kV. Umfanekiso 19b ubonisa imiphumela yokuqhathanisa.Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage kunomphumela omncane kusuka ku-0.0. ngenxa yezinguquko zamandla kazibuthe.Imiphumela yokuqhathanisa iboniswa kuMfanekiso 20.Kungabonakala ukuthi imvilophu ye-beam ayishintshi neze, okusho ukuthi yonke i-EOS ayinandaba nezinguquko kumandla kazibuthe.
Imvilophu ye-beam nemiphumela yamanje ngaphansi kwesistimu yokugxila kazibuthe efanayo.(a) Ukubekezelela kwe-Assembly kungu-0.2 mm.(b) Ukushintshashintsha kwe-voltage yokushayela ngu-±0.5 kV.
Imvilophu yebhimu ngaphansi kwesistimu yokugxila kazibuthe efanayo ene-axial magnetic field eguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-0.63 ukuya ku-0.68 T.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo lokugxila oluklanywe kuleli phepha lungafanelana ne-HFS, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokugxila kanye ne-HFS yocwaningo.Umfanekiso 21 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwamamvilophu e-beam ne-HFS elayishiwe futhi ngaphandle kwayo.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi imvilophu ye-beam ayishintshi kakhulu uma yonke i-HFS ilayishwa.Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokugxila lufanelekile umklamo we-HFS ohamba ngenhla.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukulunga kwe-EOS ehlongozwayo kuSigaba III futhi uphenye ukusebenza kwe-220 GHz SDV-TWT, ukulingiswa kwe-3D-PIC kokusebenzisana kwe-beam-wave kwenziwa.Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesofthiwe yokulingisa, asikwazanga ukwengeza yonke i-EOS ku-HFS.Ngakho-ke, isibhamu se-electron sashintshwa ngebanga elilingana ne-0 elilingana ne-0 mm phakathi kwebanga elilinganayo le-3 mm phakathi kwebanga elilinganayo le-3 mm. izindawo ezingu-0.31mm, imingcele efanayo nesibhamu se-electron esiklanywe ngenhla.Ngenxa yokungezwani nokuzinza okuhle kwe-EOS, i-voltage yokushayela ingenziwa kahle ukuze kuzuzwe amandla angcono kakhulu okukhipha ekufanisweni kwe-PIC.Imiphumela yokulingisa ibonisa ukuthi amandla okukhiphayo agcwele kanye nenzuzo ingatholakala ku-voltage yokushayela engu-20.6 kV, i-beam yamanje engu-0 × 80 i-A30cm ye-M2 0.05 W.
Ukuze uthole isignali ephumayo engcono kakhulu, inani lemijikelezo nalo lidinga ukuthuthukiswa.Amandla okukhiphayo angcono kakhulu atholakala lapho inani lezigaba ezimbili liyimijikelezo engu-42 + 48, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 22a.A 0.05 W isignali yokufaka ikhuliswa ibe ngu-314 W ngenzuzo engu-38 dB.I-pureepu yamandla ephumayo i-2FF i-pure spectrum etholwe yi-Fourking power spectrum20 I-GHz.Umfanekiso 22b ubonisa ukuma kwe-axial yokusabalalisa kwamandla e-electron ku-SWS, nama-electron amaningi alahlekelwa amandla.Lo mphumela ubonisa ukuthi i-SDV-SWS ingaguqula amandla e-kinetic wama-electron abe amasignali e-RF, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukukhuliswa kwesignali.
Isignali yokuphumayo ye-SDV-SWS ku-220 GHz.(a) Amandla okukhiphayo ane-spectrum efakiwe.(b) Ukusabalalisa amandla kwama-electron nge-electron beam ekugcineni kwesifakwa se-SWS.
Umfanekiso 23 ukhombisa umkhawulokudonsa wamandla okukhiphayo kanye nokuzuzwa kwe-dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT. Ukusebenza komphumela kungathuthukiswa nakakhulu ngamafrikhwensi ashanelayo ukusuka ku-200 kuya ku-275 GHz nokuthuthukisa i-voltage yedrayivu.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-Fig. 2a, siyazi ukuthi kukhona i-stop band phakathi kwezindlela ezingavamile ngisho, ezingase ziholele ekuguqeni okungafuneki.Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi ezungeze izitobhi kudinga ukufundwa.Izibalo 24a-c ziyimiphumela yokulingisa ye-20 ns ku-265.3 GHz, 265.35, i-5GHz ngokulandelanayo. imiphumela yokulingisa inokuguquguquka okuthile, amandla okukhiphayo azinzile ngokuqhathaniswa.I-spectrum nayo iboniswa kuMfanekiso 24 ngokulandelana, i-spectrum ihlanzekile.Le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi akukho ukuzishintshanisa ngokwakho eduze kwe-stopband.
Ukwenziwa nokulinganisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwayo yonke i-HFS.Kule ngxenye, i-HFS yenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha yokulawula izinombolo (CNC) enobubanzi bethuluzi le-0.1 mm kanye nokunemba kwemishini ye-10 μm. Impahla yesakhiwo se-high-frequency inikezwa yi-oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFguHC) yonke isakhiwo esine-copper engu-25. 66.00 mm, ububanzi obungu-20.00 mm nobude obungu-8.66 mm.Izimbobo zamaphinikhodi eziyisishiyagalombili zisakazwa eduze kwesakhiwo.Umfanekiso 25b ubonisa isakhiwo ngokuskena i-electron microscopy (SEM).Ama-blades alesi sakhiwo akhiqizwa ngokulinganayo futhi anobulukhuni obuhle.Ngemva kokulinganisa okunembile, ubukhulu obuncane bulingana no-5% we-machining. 0.4μm.Isakhiwo somshini sihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama nokunemba.
Umfanekiso 26 ubonisa ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwemiphumela yokuhlola yangempela kanye nokulingiswa kokusebenza kokudlulisela.Imbobo 1 kanye Nembobo yesi-2 kuMfanekiso 26a zihambisana nezimbobo zokufaka nokuphumayo ze-HFS, ngokulandelana, futhi zilingana ne-Port 1 kanye ne-Port 4 kuMfanekiso 3. Imiphumela yangempela yokulinganisa ye-S11 ingcono kancane kunesikhathi sokulingisa, imiphumela ye-S21 ingase ibe yimbi kakhulu. I-conductivity yempahla esethwe ekufanisweni iphezulu kakhulu futhi ubulukhuni bobuso ngemva komshini wangempela bumpofu.Sekukonke, imiphumela elinganisiwe ivumelana kahle nemiphumela yokulingisa, futhi umkhawulokudonsa wokudlulisa uhlangabezana nemfuneko ye-70 GHz, eqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka nokulunga kwe-SDV-TWT yemodi embaxambili ehlongozwayo.Ngakho-ke, kuhlangene nenqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwebhande le-dual-bendlela yokuhlola, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola Idizayini ye-SDV-TWT ehlongozwayo kuleli phepha ingasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
Kuleli phepha, kuvezwa umklamo oningiliziwe wokusatshalaliswa kwepulani engu-220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT.Inhlanganisela yokusebenza kwemodi ekabili kanye nesasasa le-dual-beam kwandisa kakhulu umkhawulokudonsa wokusebenza namandla okukhiphayo.Ukwenziwa nokuhlolwa okubandayo nakho kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulunga kwayo yonke i-HFS. Imiphumela yangempela yokulinganisa ivumelana kahle nemiphumela yokulingisa.Eklanyelwe i-EOS enezigxobo ezimbili, isigaba semaski nama-electrode okulawula asetshenziswe ndawonye ukuze kukhiqizwe ugongolo lwamapensela amabili. Ngaphansi komfaniswano oklanyelwe ogxile kumandla kazibuthe, ugongolo lwe-electron lungasakazwa ngokuzinza emabangeni amade ngokuma okuhle. Uhlelo lokuklama lwe-SDV-TWT oluhlongozwayo kuleli phepha luhlanganisa ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokucubungula indiza evuthiwe, futhi lubonisa amandla amakhulu ezinkomba zokusebenza kanye nokucubungula nokuhlanganisa.Ngakho-ke, leli phepha likholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwepulani kungenzeka kakhulu kube umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemishini kagesi ye-vacuum ebhendini ye-terahertz.
Iningi ledatha eluhlaza kanye namamodeli okuhlaziya kulolu cwaningo afakiwe kuleli phepha.Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile lungatholakala kumbhali ohambelanayo uma kunesicelo esifanele.
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