Inothi Lomhleli: Lesi sihloko singesesibili ochungechungeni lwezingxenye ezimbili emakethe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemigqa emincane yokudlulisa uketshezi enobubanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinengcindezi ephezulu.Isigaba sokuqala sixoxa ngokutholakala kwasekhaya kwemikhiqizo evamile yalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, eziyivelakancane.Ingxenye yesibili ixoxa ngemikhiqizo emibili okungeyona eyendabuko kule makethe.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zamapayipi ahlanganisiwe we-hydraulic aqokwe i-Society of Automotive Engineers - i-SAE-J525 kanye ne-SAE-J356A - yabelana ngomthombo ofanayo, njengoba kwenza imininingwane yabo ebhaliwe.Imichilo yensimbi eyisicaba iyasikwa ibe ububanzi futhi yenziwe amashubhu ngokuphrofayilila.Ngemva kokuba imiphetho yomugqa ipholishwe ngethuluzi elicijile, ipayipi lishiselwa yi-high frequency resistance welding futhi lifakwe phakathi kwama-roll roll ukuze lenze i-weld.Ngemuva kokushisela, i-OD burr isuswa ngesibambi, esivame ukwenziwa nge-tungsten carbide.I-flash yokuhlonza iyasuswa noma ilungiswe ibe ubude bomklamo obuphezulu kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokukhiya.
Incazelo yale nqubo yokushisela ivamile, futhi kunomehluko omningi wenqubo encane ekukhiqizeni kwangempela (bheka Umfanekiso 1).Kodwa-ke, babelana ngezakhiwo eziningi zemishini.
Ukwehluleka kwamapayipi kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka ezivamile zingahlukaniswa zibe imithwalo eqinile necindezelayo.Ezintweni eziningi, ingcindezi yokuqina iphansi kunengcindezi ecindezelayo.Kodwa-ke, izinto eziningi zinamandla kakhulu ekucindezelweni kune-tension.Ukhonkolo uyisibonelo.Iyacindezelwa kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthi ibunjwe ngenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yemishayo yokuqinisa (ama-rebars), kulula ukuphuka.Ngalesi sizathu, insimbi ihlolwa ukuze kutholakale amandla ayo okugcina (i-UTS).Bobathathu osayizi bamapayipi amanzi anezidingo ezifanayo: 310 MPa (45,000 psi) UTS.
Ngenxa yekhono lamapayipi okucindezela ukumelana nokucindezela kwe-hydraulic, ukubala okuhlukile nokuhlolwa kokuhluleka, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqhuma, kungase kudingeke.Izibalo zingasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ingcindezi yokuqhuma kokugcina, kucatshangelwa ukushuba kodonga, i-UTS nobubanzi bangaphandle bento.Ngoba ishubhu ye-J525 kanye neshubhu ye-J356A ingaba usayizi ofanayo, okuwukuphela kokuguquguquka yi-UTS.Inikeza amandla avamile okushuga we-50,000 psi ngengcindezi yokuqhuma ebikezelayo engu-0.500 x 0.049 in. Ishubhu iyafana kuyo yomibili imikhiqizo: 10,908 psi.
Nakuba izibikezelo ezibaliwe zifana, umehluko owodwa ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kungenxa yokuqina kodonga lwangempela.Ku-J356A, i-burr yangaphakathi ilungiseka ibe usayizi omkhulu kuye ngobubanzi bepayipi njengoba kuchaziwe ekucacisweni.Emikhiqizweni ekhishiwe ye-J525, inqubo yokukhipha ngokuvamile inciphisa ngamabomu ububanzi bangaphakathi cishe ngamayintshi angu-0.002, okuholela ekuncipheni kodonga lwendawo endaweni yokushisela.Nakuba ubukhulu bodonga bugcwele ukusebenza okubandayo okulandelayo, ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela nokuma kwezinhlamvu kungase kuhluke kusisekelo sensimbi, futhi ukujiya kodonga kungase kube kuncane kakhulu kunepayipi eliqhathanisekayo elichazwe ku-J356A.
Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kokugcina kwepayipi, i-burr yangaphakathi kufanele isuswe noma ifakwe isicaba (noma incwetshwe) ukuze kuqedwe izindlela zokuvuza ezingase zibe khona, ikakhulukazi amafomu okuphela okuvutha udonga olulodwa.Nakuba i-J525 ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi inomazisi obushelelezi ngakho-ke ayivuzi, lokhu kuwumbono oyiphutha.I-J525 tubing ingathuthukisa imigqa ye-ID ngenxa yokusebenza okubandayo okungafanele, okuholela ekuvuzeni ekuxhumekeni.
Qala ukukhipha ngokusika (noma ukukhuhla) ubuhlalu obushisela odongeni olungaphakathi.Ithuluzi lokuhlanza linamathele ku-mandrel esekelwa ama-roller ngaphakathi kwepayipi, ngemuva nje kwesiteshi sokushisela.Ngenkathi ithuluzi lokuhlanza lisasusa ubuhlalu obushiselayo, amarola agingqika phezu kwe-spatter yokushisela ngokungaqondile, okubangele ukuthi ishaye ingaphezulu le-ID yepayipi (bheka Umfanekiso 2).Lokhu kuyinkinga yamapayipi akhiwe kancane njengamapayipi aphendukile noma acijile.
Ukukhipha i-flash ku-tube akulula.Inqubo yokusika iphendula ukucwazimula kube intambo ende, ephithene yensimbi ecijile.Nakuba ukususwa kuyimfuneko, ukususa ngokuvamile kuyinqubo eyenziwa ngesandla futhi engaphelele.Izigaba zamashubhu esikhafu kwesinye isikhathi zishiya indawo yomkhiqizi wamashubhu futhi zithunyelwe kumakhasimende.
Ilayisi.1. Impahla ye-SAE-J525 ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, edinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi.Imikhiqizo efanayo yamashubhu eyenziwe kusetshenziswa i-SAE-J356A yenziwe ngomshini ngokuphelele kumshini wokugaya amashubhu asemgqeni, ngakho isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Emapayipini amancane, njengemigqa ewuketshezi engaphansi kuka-20 mm ububanzi, ukukhipha i-ID ngokuvamile akubalulekile njengoba lamadayamitha awadingi isinyathelo sokuqedela se-ID esengeziwe.Okuwukuphela kwe-caveat ukuthi umsebenzisi wokugcina udinga kuphela ukucabangela ukuthi ukuphakama kokulawula kwe-flash okungaguquki kuzodala inkinga yini.
Ubuhle bokulawula ilangabi le-ID buqala ngokulungiswa kwe-strip, ukusika nokushisela.Eqinisweni, izakhiwo zezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-J356A kufanele ziqine kakhulu kune-J525 ngoba i-J356A inemikhawulo eyengeziwe kusayizi wokusanhlamvu, ukufakwa kwe-oxide nezinye imingcele yokwenza insimbi ngenxa yenqubo yokulinganisa ebandayo ehilelekile.
Okokugcina, ukushiselwa kwe-ID ngokuvamile kudinga ukupholisa.Amasistimu amaningi asebenzisa isipholile esifanayo nethuluzi le-windrow, kodwa lokhu kungadala izinkinga.Naphezu kokuhlungwa nokukhishwa amafutha, izinto zokupholisa isigayo ngokuvamile ziqukethe amanani abalulekile ezinhlayiya zensimbi, amafutha ahlukahlukene namafutha, nokunye ukungcola.Ngakho-ke, ishubhu ye-J525 idinga umjikelezo wokugeza we-caustic oshisayo noma esinye isinyathelo sokuhlanza esilinganayo.
Ama-condensers, amasistimu ezimoto, nezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo zidinga ukuhlanzwa kwamapayipi, futhi ukuhlanza okufanele kungenziwa esigayweni.I-J356A ishiya imboni ine-bore ehlanzekile, okuqukethwe komswakama okulawulwayo kanye nezinsalela ezincane.Okokugcina, kuwumkhuba ovamile ukugcwalisa ishubhu ngalinye ngegesi engasebenzi ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala nokuvala iziphetho ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Amapayipi e-J525 ajwayelekile ngemva kokushiselwa bese esebenza ngokubandayo (adonswe).Ngemuva kokusebenza okubandayo, ipayipi iphinda ijwayele ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zemishini.
Umdwebo ojwayelekile, umdwebo wezintambo kanye nezinyathelo zesibili ezijwayelekile zidinga ukuthutha ipayipi esithandweni somlilo, esiteshini sokudweba bese ubuyela esithandweni.Ngokuya ngemininingwane yokusebenza, lezi zinyathelo zidinga ezinye izinyathelo ezincane ezihlukene njengokukhomba (ngaphambi kokudweba), ukuqoshwa nokuqondisa.Lezi zinyathelo ziyabiza futhi zidinga isikhathi esibalulekile, abasebenzi kanye nezinsiza zemali.Amapayipi adonswa ngokubanda ahlotshaniswa nenani lika-20% likadoti ekukhiqizeni.
Ipayipi le-J356A lijwayele ukwenziwa endaweni yokugaya ngemva kokushisela.Ipayipi alithinti phansi futhi lihamba kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokwakha ukuya epayipini eliqediwe ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo kwezinyathelo zomshini wokugoqa.Amapayipi ashiselwe njenge-J356A anomosheka ka-10% ekukhiqizeni.Zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, lokhu kusho ukuthi amalambu e-J356A ishibhile ukuwakhiqiza kunamalambu e-J525.
Nakuba izakhiwo zale mikhiqizo emibili zifana, azifani ngokubuka kwe-metallurgical.
Amapayipi e-J525 abandayo adinga ukwelashwa okubili kokuqala okujwayelekile: ngemuva kokushisela nangemva kokudweba.Amazinga okushisa e-normalization (1650°F noma 900°C) aholela ekwakhekeni kwama-oxide angaphezulu, avame ukususwa nge-mineral acid (imvamisa i-sulfuric noma i-hydrochloric) ngemva kokuhushula.I-Pickling inomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo mayelana nokukhishwa komoya kanye nemifudlana yemfucuza ecebile ngensimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujwayela kwezinga lokushisa emkhathini wokunciphisa wesithando somlilo we-roller kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwekhabhoni ebusweni bensimbi.Le nqubo, i-decarburization, ishiya ungqimba olungaphezulu olubuthakathaka kakhulu kunento yokuqala (bheka uMdwebo 3).Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumapayipi odonga amancane.Ku-0.030″ ukujiya kodonga, ngisho nongqimba oluncane lwe-0.003″ lokususa i-carburization luzonciphisa udonga olusebenzayo ngo-10%.Amapayipi anjalo abuthakathaka angahluleka ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma ukudlidliza.
Umfanekiso 2. Ithuluzi lokuhlanza i-ID (alikhonjiswa) lisekelwa amarola ahamba eduze kwe-ID yepayipi.Umklamo omuhle we-roller unciphisa inani le-spatter yokushisela egingqika odongeni lwamapayipi.Amathuluzi e-Nielsen
Amapayipi e-J356 acutshungulwa ngamaqoqo futhi adinga ukucwiliswa esithandweni somlilo se-roller, kodwa lokhu akukhawulelwe lapho.Okuhlukile, i-J356A, kwenziwa ngomshini ngokuphelele kumshini wokugaya kusetshenziswa induction eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, inqubo yokushisisa eshesha kakhulu kunesithando somlilo se-roller.Lokhu kwenza kube mfishane isikhathi sokukhipha, ngaleyo ndlela kuncipha iwindi lethuba lokususa umshini emzimbeni ukusuka emaminithini (noma ngisho namahora) kuye kumasekhondi.Lokhu kunikeza i-J356A nge-annealing efanayo ngaphandle kwe-oxide noma i-decarburization.
Amashubhu asetshenziselwa imigqa ye-hydraulic kumele aguquke ngokwanele ukuze agobe, anwetshwe futhi akheke.Ukugoba kuyadingeka ukuze uthole uketshezi lwe-hydraulic ukusuka endaweni A kuya ku-B, udlula emagopheni ahlukahlukene futhi ujike endleleni, futhi ukuvutha kuyisihluthulelo sokuhlinzeka ngendlela yokuxhuma ekugcineni.
Esimeni senkukhu noma seqanda, oshimula babeklanyelwe ukuxhunywa kwesishisi sodonga olulodwa (ngaleyo ndlela babe nobubanzi obushelelezi bangaphakathi), noma okuphambene kungenzeka kwenzeke.Kulesi simo, indawo yangaphakathi ye-tube ifanelana kahle nesokhethi yesixhumi sephini.Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhuma okuqinile kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi, ubuso bepayipi kufanele busheleleke ngangokunokwenzeka.Lesi sisetshenziswa savela ngeminyaka yawo-1920 ku-US Air Force Air Division eyayisafufusa.Lesi sesekeli kamuva saba yi-standard 37-degree flare esetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-COVID-19, ukunikezwa kwamapayipi adonsayo anobubanzi obushelelezi bangaphakathi kwehle kakhulu.Izinto ezitholakalayo zivame ukuba nezikhathi ezinde zokulethwa kunangaphambili.Lolu shintsho kumaketango okunikezwayo lungaxazululwa ngokuklama kabusha ukuxhumana kokuphela.Isibonelo, i-RFQ edinga isishisi sodonga esisodwa futhi icacise ukuthi i-J525 iyikhandidethi lokushintsha isishisi sodonga esikabili.Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwepayipi le-hydraulic lingasetshenziswa nalokhu kuxhumana kokuphela.Lokhu kuvula amathuba okusebenzisa i-J356A.
Ngaphezu kokuxhumeka kwe-flare, izimpawu ze-o-ring mechanical nazo zivamile (bheka umfanekiso wesi-5), ikakhulukazi kumasistimu okucindezela okuphezulu.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuxhuma alukwazi ukuvuza kancane kune-flare yodonga olulodwa ngoba lisebenzisa izigxivizo ze-elastomeric, kodwa futhi luguquguqukayo - lungakhiwa ekugcineni kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluvamile lwepayipi elisebenza nge-hydraulic.Lokhu kunikeza abakhiqizi bamapayipi amathuba amakhulu ochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nokusebenza okungcono komnotho wesikhathi eside.
Umlando wezimboni ugcwele izibonelo zemikhiqizo yendabuko emila izimpande ngesikhathi lapho kunzima ukuthi imakethe ishintshe indlela.Umkhiqizo oqhudelanayo - ngisho nalowo oshibhe kakhulu futhi ohlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zomkhiqizo wokuqala - kungaba nzima ukuthola indawo emakethe uma kuphakama izinsolo.Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umenzeli othengayo noma unjiniyela owabelwe ecabangela ukumiselela okungekona okwesiko komkhiqizo osuvele ukhona.Bambalwa abazimisele ukuzifaka engozini yokutholwa.
Kwezinye izimo, izinguquko zingase zingadingeki nje kuphela, kodwa ziyadingeka.Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ubangele izinguquko ezingalindelekile ekutholakaleni kwezinhlobo ezithile zamapayipi namasayizi amapayipi oketshezi lwensimbi.Izindawo zomkhiqizo ezithintekayo yilezo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini zezimoto, zikagesi, ezisindayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimboni zokukhiqiza amapayipi ezisebenzisa izintambo ezinomfutho ophezulu, ikakhulukazi izintambo ezisebenza ngamanzi.
Lesi sikhala singagcwaliswa ngezindleko eziphansi ngokucabangela uhlobo olusungulwe kodwa lwe-niche lwepayipi lensimbi.Ukukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele wohlelo lokusebenza kudinga ucwaningo oluthile ukuze kutholwe ukuhambisana koketshezi, ingcindezi yokusebenza, umthwalo wemishini, kanye nohlobo lokuxhuma.
Ukubhekisisa imininingwane kukhombisa ukuthi i-J356A ingalingana ne-J525 yangempela.Naphezu kwalolu bhubhane, lusatholakala ngentengo ephansi ngochungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluqinisekisiwe.Uma ukuxazulula izinkinga zomumo wokugcina kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu kunokuthola i-J525, kungasiza ama-OEM axazulule izinselele zokwenziwa komsebenzi enkathini ye-COVID-19 nangale kwalokho.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal 于1990 年成為第一本致力于為金属管材行业服务的杂志. I-Tube & Pipe Journal yango-1990 Ijenali ye-Tube & Pipe стал первым журналом, посвященным индустрии металлических труб в 1990 году. I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala onikezelwe embonini yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990.Namuhla, isewukuphela kokushicilelwa kwemboni eNyakatho Melika futhi isibe umthombo othenjwa kakhulu wolwazi lochwepheshe bemboni yamapayipi.
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