Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali eseyenziwe ngomshini, okwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi bezinto abaqhubi okufanele bazicabangele.
Njengezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo, insimbi engagqwali inezinzuzo nezinkinga eziningi.Insimbi ibhekwa “njengensimbi engagqwali” uma ingxubevange iqukethe okungenani i-chromium engu-10.5%, eyenza ungqimba lwe-oxide oluyenza ibe ne-asidi nokugqwala.
Izinto "zensimbi engagqwali", ukunakekelwa okuphansi, ukuqina, kanye nokuqedwa kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene kuyenza ifanele izimboni ezifana nezokwakha, ifenisha, ukudla nesiphuzo, ezokwelapha, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezidinga amandla nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi.
Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi.Nokho, inikeza izinzuzo zokulinganiswa kwamandla kuya kwesisindo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo ezincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namamaki avamile, okungaholela ekongeni kwezindleko.Ngenxa yezindleko zayo zonke, izitolo zidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukuze zigweme ukuchithwa kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kabusha kwalokhu kwaziswa.
Insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengobunzima ukuyishisela ngoba ihlakaza ukushisa ngokushesha futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ezigabeni zokugcina zokuqeda nokupholisha.
Ukusebenza ngensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile kudinga i-welder enolwazi oluningi kunokusebenza nge-carbon steel, evame ukuqina.I-latitude yayo ingase incishiswe lapho imingcele ethile yethulwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushisela.Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zensimbi engagqwali, kunengqondo ukuthi opharetha abanolwazi oluthe xaxa bayisebenzise.
"Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokuphela kwayo," kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yocwaningo nentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe e-Walter Surface Technologies ePointe-Claire, eQuebec.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usayizi 4 wokuqeda ukuthungwa komugqa noma isibuko sesibuko sikasayizi 8, isisebenzi kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi impahla iyahlonishwa futhi isiphetho akonakali ngesikhathi sokuphatha nokucubungula.Lokhu kungase futhi kukhawulele izinketho zokulungiselela nokuhlanza, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhiqizwa kwengxenye enhle.
"Lapho usebenza ngale ndaba, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe qiniseka ukuthi ihlanzekile, ihlanzekile, ihlanzekile," kusho i-Ontario ye-Ontario, i-Ontario. "Ukuhlanza i-Ontario." Ukuhlanza kabusha ukunciphisa i-oxidation. "
Uma usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali, impahla kanye nemvelo ezungezile kufanele kuhlanzwe.Ukukhipha amafutha nepulasitiki izinsalela ezintweni kuyindawo enhle yokuqala.Ukungcola kwensimbi engagqwali kungabangela i-oxidation, kodwa kungase kube yinkinga ngesikhathi sokushisela futhi kungabangela ukukhubazeka.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlanza indawo ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthungatha.
Izindawo zokusebenzela azihlali zihlanzekile kakhulu, futhi ukungcoliswa okuphambanayo kungaba yinkinga uma usebenza ngensimbi engagqwali nekhabhoni. Ngokuvamile isitolo sisebenzisa amafeni amaningi noma sisebenzisa ama-air conditioner ukuze sipholise izisebenzi, ezingaphushela ukungcola phansi noma kubangele ukuconsa kuconse noma kwakheke ezintweni ezingavuthiwe. Lokhu kuba yinselele ikakhulukazi uma izinhlayiya ze-carbon steel ziphephethwa futhi zigcina lezi zinhlayiya zensimbi ehlanzekile ziphephezela endaweni ehlanzekile futhi zigcine zihlanzekile endaweni engcolile. ukushisela.
Kubalulekile ukususa ukuguquguquka kombala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugqwala akukhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenza ukwakheka kube buthaka.Kuhle futhi ukususa i-bluing ukuze ukhiphe umbala ongaphezulu.
E-Canada, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu kanye nesimo sezulu sasebusika, ukukhetha ibanga elifanele lensimbi engagqwali kubalulekile.UDouville wachaza ukuthi izitolo eziningi ekuqaleni zakhetha i-304 ngenxa yentengo yayo.Kodwa uma isitolo sizosebenzisa impahla ngaphandle, singancoma ukushintshela ku-316, nakuba kubiza kabili.304 iyakwazi ukugqwala uma isetshenziswa noma igcinwe lapho ungqimba lwangaphandle lungathinta indawo engaphandle, ungqimba olungaphandle lungathinta indawo engaphandle. ding ungqimba lwe-passivation futhi ekugcineni lubangele ukuthi lugqwale futhi.
“Ukulungiswa kokushisela kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezibalulekile,” kusho uGabi Miholics, uchwepheshe wokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo, i-Abrasive Systems Division, 3M Canada, London, Ontario.” Ukususwa kokugqwala, upende nama-chamfers kuyadingeka ukuze kushiselwe kahle.Akumele kube khona ukungcola endaweni yokushisela okungase kwenze ibhondi ibe buthaka.”
U-Hatelt wengeza ngokuthi ukuhlanza indawo kubalulekile, kodwa ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kokushisela kungahlanganisa nokufaka izinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunamathela okufanele kwe-weld namandla.
Ukuze uthole insimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile ukukhetha insimbi efanele yokugcwalisa ebangeni elisetshenzisiwe.Insimbi engagqwali ibucayi ikakhulukazi futhi idinga ukuthi i-welding seams iqinisekiswe ngohlobo olufanayo lwezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngokwesibonelo, i-316 base metal idinga i-316 filler metal.Ama-welders awakwazi nje ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi yokugcwalisa, ibanga ngalinye elingenasici lidinga ukugcwalisa okuqondile kwe-welding efanele.
“Lapho sishisela insimbi engagqwali, umshiseli kufanele abheke izinga lokushisa ngempela,” kusho uMichael Radaelli, umphathi womkhiqizo eNorton |I-Saint-Gobain Abrasives, eWorcester, MA.”Kunemishini eminingi ehlukene engasetshenziswa ukukala izinga lokushisa lokushisela kanye nengxenye njengoba isishiseli sishisa, ngoba uma kuba nokuqhekeka ensimbi engagqwali, ingxenye yonakala ngokuyisisekelo.”
U-Radaelli wanezela ukuthi i-welder idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akahlali endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside.I-Multilayer welding iyindlela enhle yokugcina i-substrate ingashisi kakhulu.Ukwehliswa isikhathi eside kwesisekelo sensimbi engagqwali kungabangela ukushisa nokuqhekeka.
“Ukushisela ngensimbi engagqwali kungase kudle isikhathi, kodwa futhi kuwubuciko obudinga izandla ezinolwazi,” kusho uRadaelli.
Ukulungiswa kwangemuva kokushisela kuncike ngempela emkhiqizweni wokugcina nasekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Kwezinye izimo, uMiholics wachaza, ukushisela akukaze kubonakale, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuhlanzwa okulinganiselwe kwangemva kokushisela, futhi noma iyiphi i-spatter ebonakalayo isuswa ngokushesha.
“Akuwona umbala oyinkinga,” kusho uMiholics.” Lokhu kuguquka kombala kubonisa ukuthi izici zensimbi sezishintshile futhi manje zingakhipha i-oxidize/ukugqwala.”
Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuzosindisa isikhathi nemali futhi kuvumele opharetha ukuthi afane nesiphetho.
Kubalulekile ukususa ukuguquguquka kombala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugqwala akukhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenza ukwakheka kube buthaka.Kuhle futhi ukususa i-bluing ukuze ukhiphe umbala ongaphezulu.
Inqubo yokuhlanza ingalimaza izindawo, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali anonya.Ukuhlanza okungalungile kungavimbela ukwakheka kwe-passivation layer.Yingakho ochwepheshe abaningi betusa ukuhlanzwa ngesandla kwalezi zingxenye ezishiselwe.
"Uma wenza ukuhlanza ngesandla, uma ungavumeli umoya-mpilo ukuthi usabele nge-surface amahora angu-24 noma angu-48, awunaso isikhathi sokwakha indawo engenzi lutho," kusho u-Douville.Wachaza ukuthi indawo engaphezulu idinga umoya-mpilo ukuze isabele nge-chromium ku-alloy ukuze yenze ungqimba wokudlula.
Kuvamile ukuthi abakhiqizi nabashiselayo basebenzise izinto eziningi.Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kunezela ukulinganiselwa okuthile.Ukuthatha isikhathi sokuhlanza ingxenye kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esihle, kodwa kuhle kuphela njengendawo ezungezile.
U-Hatelt uthe ulokhu ebona izindawo zokusebenza ezingcolile.Ukuqeda ukuba khona kwekhabhoni endaweni yokusebenza yensimbi engagqwali kubalulekile.Akuyona into engavamile ukuthi izitolo ezisebenzisa insimbi zishintshele ensimbi engagqwali ngaphandle kokulungisa kahle indawo yokusebenza yale nto.Lokhu kuyiphutha, ikakhulukazi uma bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto ezimbili noma ukuthenga i-toolset yabo.
“Uma unebhulashi locingo lokugaya noma lokulungisa insimbi engagqwali, futhi ulisebenzisa ku-carbon steel, ngeke usakwazi ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali,” kusho u-Radaelli.” La mabhulashi manje asengcoliswe i-carbon futhi agqwalile.Uma amabhulashi esengcoliswe kakhulu, awakwazi ukuhlanzwa.”
Izitolo kufanele zisebenzise amathuluzi ahlukene ukuze zilungise izinto zokwakha, kodwa kufanele zilebule amathuluzi “insimbi engagqwali kuphela” ukuze zigweme ukungcoliswa kungenasidingo, kusho uHatelt.
Izitolo kufanele zicabangele izici eziningi lapho zikhetha amathuluzi e-stainless steel weld prep, okuhlanganisa izinketho zokulahla ukushisa, uhlobo lwamaminerali, isivinini nosayizi wokusanhlamvu.
"Ukukhetha i-abrasive ene-heat-dissipang coating yindawo enhle yokuqala," kusho u-Miholics."Insimbi engagqwali iqinile kakhulu futhi izokhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe lapho igaya kunensimbi ethambile.Ukushisa kufanele kudlulele ndawana thize, ngakho-ke kunento ebambayo evumela ukushisa ukuthi kugeleze onqenqemeni lwediski esikhundleni sokuhlala lapho ugaya khona Ngaleso sikhathi, bekulungile.”
Ukukhetha i-abrasive futhi kuncike ekutheni isiphetho sonke kufanele sibukeke kanjani, uyanezela. Kusemehlweni lomuntu obukele ngempela. Amaminerali e-alumina kuma-abrasives awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa ekuqedeni izinyathelo. Ukwenza insimbi engagqwali ibonakale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-mineral silicon carbide.Icijile futhi ishiya ukusikeka okujulile okubonisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngokuhlukile, i-suli ebukeka ihluke kakhulu. umphakeli.
"I-RPM iyinkinga enkulu," kusho u-Hatelt. "Amathuluzi ahlukene adinga ama-RPM ahlukene, futhi avame ukugijima kakhulu.Ukusebenzisa i-RPM efanele kuqinisekisa imiphumela engcono kakhulu, kokubili ngokuya ngokuthi umsebenzi wenziwe ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi wenziwa kahle kangakanani.Yazi ukuthi ufuna ukuqeda futhi kanjani Ukukala."
U-Douville wengeze ngokuthi ukutshala imali kumathuluzi okuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kungenye yezindlela zokunqoba izinkinga zejubane.Abaqhubi abaningi bazama umshini wokugaya ovamile ukuze baqedele, kodwa unesivinini esikhulu sokusika kuphela.Ukuqedela inqubo kudinga ukwehla.Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuzokonga isikhathi nemali futhi kuvumele opharetha ukuthi afane nesiphetho.
Futhi, i-grit ibalulekile uma ukhetha i-abrasive.U-opharetha kufanele aqale nge-grit engcono kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukuqala ngegrit engu-60 noma engu-80 (emaphakathi), u-opharetha angacishe ngokushesha agxumele ku-120 (fine) grit kanye negrit engu-220 (enhle kakhulu), okuzonikeza i-stainless stainless a No. 4 finish.
"Kungaba lula njengezinyathelo ezintathu," kusho u-Radaelli. "Nokho, uma opharetha ebhekene nama-welds amakhulu, akakwazi ukuqala ngegrit engu-60 noma engu-80, futhi angase akhethe igrit engu-24 (amaholoholo) noma angu-36 (amaholoholo).Lokhu kwengeza isinyathelo esengeziwe futhi kungaba nzima ukususa ezintweni Kukhona imihuzuko ejulile kuyo.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza isifutho se-anti-spatter noma ijeli kungaba umngane omkhulu we-welder, kodwa ngokuvamile akunakwa lapho kushiselwa insimbi engagqwali, kusho i-Douville.Izingxenye ezine-spatter zidinga ukususwa, ezinganwaya phezulu, zidinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokugaya futhi zichithe isikhathi esiningi.Lesi sinyathelo singaqedwa kalula nge-anti-splash system.
U-Lindsay Luminoso, Umhleli Ohlangene, unikela ku-Metal Fabrication Canada kanye ne-Fabrication and Welding Canada.Kusukela ngo-2014-2016, ubenguMhleli Ohlangene/Umhleli Wewebhu e-Metal Fabrication Canada, muva nje enguMhleli Ohlangene Wobunjiniyela Bokuklama.
U-Luminoso uneziqu zeBachelor of Arts azithola e-Carleton University, i-Bachelor of Education degree ayithola e-University of Ottawa, kanye Nesitifiketi Sokuthweswa Iziqu Ezincwadini, Omagazini Nokushicilela Kwedijithali e-Centennial College.
Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba zakamuva, imicimbi kanye nobuchwepheshe bazo zonke izinsimbi ezivela ezincwadini zethu zezindaba ezimbili zanyanga zonke ezibhalelwe abakhiqizi baseCanada kuphela!
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-Canadian Metalworking, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-Made in Canada kanye ne-Welding, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.
Gcwalisa izimbobo eziningi ngosuku olulodwa ngomzamo omncane.I-Slugger JCM200 Auto ifaka okuphakelayo okuzenzakalelayo kokubhola kwe-serial, i-drill enamandla enesivinini esiphindwe kabili esibuyisela emuva enomthamo ongu-2″, ¾” weld, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-MT3 nezici eziningi zokuphepha.Ama-core drill, ama-twist drill, ompompi, osinki wokubala kanye nama-s.