Izishintshisi zokushisa zamapuleti zikhona ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni futhi zisebenzisa amapuleti ensimbi ukudlulisa ukushisa phakathi koketshezi olubili.
Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokuthi zidlula izishintshi zokushisa ezivamile (ngokuvamile ishubhu eligoqiwe elinoketshezi olulodwa oludlula ekamelweni elinolunye uketshezi) ngoba uketshezi olupholiswayo luwukuthintana kwendawo engaphezulu, okuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokushisa futhi kwandisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa.
Esikhundleni samakhoyili adlula emakamelweni, endaweni yokushisa ipuleti, kunamakamelo amabili ashintshanayo, ngokuvamile amancane ngokujula, ahlukaniswe ngamapuleti ensimbi enziwe uthayela ezindaweni zawo ezinkulu kakhulu.Igumbi lincane, njengoba lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi iningi levolumu yoketshezi lixhumene nepuleti, lisiza ukushintshanisa ukushisa.
Amapuleti anjalo okushintshanisa ukushisa aye aklanywa ngokujwayelekile kusetshenziswa isitembu noma ukwenziwa kwemishini evamile njengokudweba okujulile, kodwa muva nje i-photochemical etching (PCE) ifakazele ukuthi iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu nengabizi kakhulu yokwenza amandla etholakalayo kulolu hlelo lokusebenza oluqinile.I-Electrochemical Machining (ECM) ingobunye ubuchwepheshe obungakha izingxenye ezinembe kakhulu ngamaqoqo, kodwa le nqubo idinga izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza amathuluzi, idizayini idinga izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto zokwakha, idizayini isebenzise amathuluzi aphezulu kakhulu. Kunzima, kanye ne-workpiece Ukugqwala kwamathuluzi omshini nezinto ezilungiswayo bekulokhu kuduma ikhanda.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlangothi zombili zomshini wokushisa ipuleti ziqukethe izici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamandla okugxiviza nokugaya, kodwa zifinyelelwa kalula kusetshenziswa i-PCE.Ukwengeza, i-PCE ingakwazi ukukhiqiza izici ezinhlangothini zombili zepuleti ngesikhathi esisodwa, ilondoloze isikhathi esibalulekile, futhi inqubo ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi ezahlukene, kuhlanganise nensimbi engagqwali, i-Inconel 617, i-titanium.
Ngenxa yezinye izici ezingokwemvelo zenqubo, i-PCE inikeza enye indlela ekhangayo yokugxiviza nomshini kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zensimbi. Ukusebenzisa i-photoresist kanye ne-etchant ukucubungula ngamakhemikhali izindawo ezikhethiwe, le nqubo ihlanganisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezilondoloziwe, izingxenye ezingenalutho kanye nezingenakucindezeleka ezinamakhonkolo ahlanzekile futhi azikho izindawo ezithintekayo ukushisa. iyakwazi ukugqwala.
Ihlanganiswe neqiniso lokuthi i-PCE isebenzisa amathuluzi edijithali noma ingilazi aphindaphindeka kalula futhi angabizi kakhulu, inikeza enye indlela yokukhiqiza engabizi kakhulu, enembayo ephezulu futhi esheshayo kumasu omdabu wokugawula nokugxiviza.Lokhu kusho ukonga okubalulekile kwezindleko lapho kukhiqizwa amathuluzi e-prototype, futhi ngokungafani namasu okugxiviza nawokwenza, akukho ukugqoka kwamathuluzi nezindleko ezihambisana nokusika kabusha insimbi.
Ukumayinisa nokugxiviza kungaveza imiphumela engaphansi-kuno-ephelele kunsimbi emugqeni osikiwe, ngokuvamile kukhubaza okokusebenza okwenziwa ngomshini futhi kushiye ama-burrs, izindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni, nezingqimba zokusakaza kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilwela ukuhlangabezana nesinqumo semininingwane edingekayo ezinxenyeni zensimbi ezincane, eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinembe kakhulu njengamapuleti okushintshanisa ukushisa.
Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ekukhethweni kwenqubo ubukhulu bezinto ezizokwenziwa ngomshini.Izinqubo zendabuko zivame ukubhekana nobunzima lapho zisetshenziswa ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi emincane, ukugxiviza nokugxiviza ezimweni eziningi akufanelekile, kuyilapho ukusika kwe-laser nokusika kwamanzi kuholela emazingeni ahlukene futhi angamukeleki okuguqulwa okushisayo nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto, ngokulandelana.Nakuba i-PCE ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-metals ezisetshenziswa njenge-metals ehlukahlukene, lezo zinsimbi zingase zisetshenziswe ezinhlobonhlobo zensimbi. ama-plate heat exchangers, ngaphandle kokuyekethisa flatness, okuyinto ebalulekile ubuqotho bomhlangano.kubalulekile.
Indawo eyinhloko lapho kusetshenziswa khona amapuleti kusekusetshenzisweni kwamaseli kaphethiloli enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, i-nickel, i-titanium, ithusi kanye nohlu lwama-alloys akhethekile.
Amapuleti ensimbi emangqamuzaneni kaphethiloli atholakale enezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezinye izinto.Ngasikhathi sinye, anamandla kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokupholisa okungcono, angakhiwa abe mncane ngokwedlulele ngokusebenzisa i-etching, okuholela ekubeni izitaki ezimfishane, futhi angabi nandawo yokuqeda isiqondiso ngaphakathi kwesiteshi.
Inqubo ye-PCE iqinisekisa ukubekezelelana okuphindaphindwayo kuzo zonke izilinganiso zebhodi eziyisihluthulelo, okuhlanganisa ukujula komzila womoya kanye nejiyomethri ehlukahlukene, futhi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezincanyana ezicaciswayo zokwehla kwengcindezi.
Ezinye izimboni ezisebenzisa amashidi afakwe amakhemikhali zihlanganisa ama-motor aqondile, i-aerospace, i-petrochemical kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali.Ngemva kokwakhiwa, amapuleti ahlanganiswe futhi asakazwa ahlanganiswe noma ahlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze enze umnyombo wokushintshanisa ukushisa.Izishintshi zokushisa eziqediwe zingaba izikhathi eziphindwe kasithupha kunezishintshi zesisindo zendabuko "zegobolondo ne-tube", zinikeze isikhala esihle kakhulu sokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Izishintshi zokushisa ezikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-PCE nazo zinamandla kakhulu futhi zisebenza kahle, zikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwe-bar ye-600 ngenkathi zivumelanisa nezinga lokushisa elivela ku-cryogenics kuya ku-900 degrees Celsius.Kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa imifudlana yenqubo engaphezu kwemibili ibe yiyunithi eyodwa futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zamapayipi nama-valve ancishisiwe kakhulu.Ukusabela nokuxuba kungabuye kuhlanganiswe ku-plate-effective exchange design, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindleko zokushisa okukodwa.
Izidingo zanamuhla zokukhipha ukushisa okuphumelelayo nokonga isikhala ziletha izinselele ezinkulu konjiniyela abaningi abathuthukayo.Ukwenziwa kancane kwezingxenye eziningi kubuchwepheshe bukagesi kanye ne-microsystem kudala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izindawo ezishisayo ezishisayo, ezidinga ukuchithwa kokushisa okuphelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo ende yesevisi.
Ngokusebenzisa i-2D ne-3D PCE, iziteshi ezincane ezinobubanzi obuchaziwe kanye nokujula zingenziwa ekushintshanisweni kokushisa ukuze kukhethwe imidiya yokukhipha ukushisa endaweni encane kakhulu.Cishe akukho mkhawulo emiklamweni yesiteshi engenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba inqubo yokuhlanganisa ikhuthaza ukusungulwa kokuklama kanye nenkululeko yejiyomethri, ukugeleza kweziyaluyalu ngokuphambene nokugeleza kwe-laminar kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa imiphetho yamashaneli e-wavy kanye nokujula.Ukugeleza okunyakazayo endaweni yokupholisa kusho ukuthi into epholisayo ethintana nomthombo wokushisa ishintsha njalo, okwenza ukushintshana kokushisa kusebenze kahle kakhulu.Ama-corrugations anjalo kanye nezindleko zokushintshanisa akhiqizwa kalula yi-PC noma ama-irregulari akhiqizwa kalula yi-PC. ukukhiqiza kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza.
Uchwepheshe we-PCE micrometal GmbH usebenzisa amathuluzi e-optoelectronic anenani elincintisanayo ukuze akhiqize izingcezu zokusebenza zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinezinga eliphezulu lokunemba okuphindaphindwayo.
Amapuleti angawodwana ama-microchannel anganamathiselwa (isb, ngokushisela i-diffusion) kuma-geometries e-3D ahlukahlukene.micrometal isebenzisa inethiwekhi yozakwethu abanolwazi olunikeza amakhasimende inketho yokuthenga amapuleti ama-microchannel angawodwana noma amabhulokhi okushintshanisa ukushisa ama-microchannel abalulekile.
Into enezakhiwo zensimbi futhi ehlanganisa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, okungenani eyodwa yazo eyinsimbi.
Yehlisa izinga lokushisa loketshezi endaweni yokusebenzela esetshenziswayo/esixhumi esibonakalayo ngesikhathi somshini. Imvamisa iba sesimweni esiwuketshezi, njengezingxube ezincibilikayo noma zamakhemikhali (i-semi-synthetic, synthetic), kodwa futhi ingaba umoya ocindezelweyo noma amanye amagesi.uketshezi lokusika lwe-semi-synthetic;uketshezi oluncibilikayo lokusika uwoyela;uketshezi lokusika lokwenziwa.
1. Ukusatshalaliswa kwengxenye yegesi, uketshezi, noma okuqinile ethambekele ekwenzeni izakhi zifane.2.I-athomu noma i-molecule iyazihambela iye endaweni entsha ngaphakathi kwento.
Ukusebenza lapho ugesi kagesi ugeleza phakathi kwe-workpiece kanye nethuluzi le-conductive ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte.Iqala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuncibilikisa insimbi kusuka ku-workpiece ngenani elilawulwayo.Ngokungafani nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokusika, ukuqina kwe-workpiece akuyona into, okwenza i-ECM ifaneleke izinto ezinzima zomshini.Ngendlela yokugaya i-electrochemical, i-electrochemical honing kanye ne-electrochemical turning.
Ngokusebenza ngokufana ne-rotary motor ethuluzini lomshini, i-motor eqondile ingacatshangwa njenge-motor ye-rotary yamagnetic ejwayelekile, enqunywe i-axially phakathi nendawo, bese ihlutshiwe futhi ibekwe flat.Inzuzo eyinhloko yokusebenzisa ama-motor aqondile ukushayela ukunyakaza kwe-axis ukuthi iqeda ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nomehluko wemishini obangelwa izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa i-ball screw esetshenziswa kumishini eminingi ye-CNC yokuhlanganisa.
Izingxenye ezinezikhala ezibanzi ekuthunjweni kwendawo.Faka phakathi konke okungahambi kahle okubekwe endaweni ebanzi kunesethingi yokusika insimbi.Bheka Ukugeleza;Ukuqamba amanga;Ubulukhuni.
UDkt. Michael J. Hicks unguMqondisi weSikhungo Sebhizinisi Nocwaningo Lwezomnotho kanye noSolwazi Ovelele Wezomnotho kaGeorge noFrancis Ball e-Miller School of Business yase-Ball State University. U-Hicks uthole i-Ph.D yakhe.kanye ne-MA ku-Economics evela eNyuvesi yaseTennessee kanye ne-BA ku-Economics evela e-Virginia Military Institute.Ubhale izincwadi ezimbili kanye nezincwadi zezazi ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezigxile kunqubomgomo yomphakathi yendawo kanye neyendawo, okuhlanganisa inqubomgomo yentela nokusebenzisa imali kanye nomthelela we-Walmart emnothweni wendawo.