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Ukwakheka kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-chlorhexidine hydrochloride nanoemulsion njenge-antibacterial root canal irrigant ethembisayo: izifundo ze-in vitro kanye ne-ex vivo
作者 Abdelmonem R., Younis MK, Hassan DH, El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Hassanien E., El-Batuti K., Elfaham A.
Rehab Abdelmonem, 1 Mona K. Younis, 1 Doaa H. Hassan, 1 Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed, 2 Ehab Hassanein, 3 Kariem El-Batuti, 3 Alaa Elfaham 31 Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Industrial Pharmacy, Misr City University, Egypt;2 UMnyango Wezesayensi Yezinto Ezincane Nezifo Zomzimba, I-Faculty of Pharmacy, i-Misr University of Science and Technology, Okthoba 6, Egypt;3 Umnyango We-Endodontics, i-Ain Shams University, i-Cairo, i-Egypt Isingeniso kanye Nenhloso: I-Chlorine hexidine hydrochloride [Chx.HCl] inomsebenzi obanzi we-antibacterial spectrum, isenzo eside kanye nobuthi obuphansi, ngakho-ke iyatuswa njengento engase ibe khona yokunisela impande.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukusebenzisa ukwakheka okusha kwe-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ukuze kwandiswe amandla angena, ukuhlanza kanye nesenzo se-antibacterial se-Chx.HCl futhi siyisebenzise njengomsele wokunisela wezimpande.Izindlela: I-Chx.HCl nanoemulsions yalungiswa kusetshenziswa amafutha amabili ahlukene: i-oleic acid ne-Labrafil M1944CS, ama-surfactants amabili, i-Tween 20 ne-Tween 80, ne-co-surfactant, i-propylene glycol.Hlela umdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-ternary ukukhombisa isistimu elungile.Ukwakhiwa kwe-nanoemulsion okulungisiwe kwahlolelwa okuqukethwe kwesidakamizwa, isikhathi sokwenza i-emulsification, ukuhlakazeka, usayizi wamaconsi, ukukhululwa kwezidakamizwa ze-in vitro, ukuzinza kwe-thermodynamic, umsebenzi we-in vitro antibacterial, kanye nezifundo ze-in vitro zokubunjwa okukhethiwe.Isenzo sokungena, sokuhlanza kanye ne-antibacterial se-Chx.HCl 0.75% kanye ne-1.6% ye-nanoemulsion siqhathaniswe nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile njenge-root canal irrigant.Imiphumela.Ukwakhiwa okukhethiwe kwakuyi-F6 ne-2% Labrafil, 12% Tween 80 kanye ne-6% ye-propylene glycol.Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane (12.18 nm), isikhathi esifushane se-emulsification (imizuzwana engu-1.67) nokuqedwa ngokushesha ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2.Kutholakale ukuthi iyisistimu ye-thermodynamically/phystable stable.Uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-Chx.HCl ezivamile, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-Chx.HCl 1.6% nanoemulsion kubonise ukungena okungcono ngenxa yosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane.Uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (2609.56 µm2), i-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion engu-1.6% inendawo encane kakhulu emaphakathi yemfucumfucu eyinsalela (2001.47 µm2).Isiphetho: Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nanoemulsion i-Chx.HCl inekhono lokuhlanza elingcono kanye nesenzo se-antibacterial.Inesenzo sokubulala amagciwane esisebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene ne-Enterococcus faecalis, futhi izinga lokufinyela kwamaseli ebhaktheriya liphezulu noma libhujiswe ngokuphelele.Amagama abalulekile: i-chlorhexidine hydrochloride, i-nanoemulsion, i-root canal irrigant, ukungena, umphumela wokuhlanza, i-antibacterial irrigant.
I-Nanoemulsions, ikilasi lama-emulsion anama-droplet osayizi ebangeni le-50-500 nm, bathole ukunakwa okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezihlukile.Izakhiwo ezinhle zokuhlanza, azithintwa ubulukhuni bamanzi, ezimweni eziningi zinobuthi obuphansi kanye nokungabikho kokuxhumana kwe-electrostatic.2 I-Nanotechnology inosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane kakhulu, indawo enkulu nesilinganiso sobukhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba namakhemikhali uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo eyinqwaba efanayo, futhi ivula imibono emisha ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo zamazinyo.3 I-Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (Chx.HCl) iyancibilika kancane emanzini, incibilika kancane otshwaleni futhi kancane kancane iba namabala ekukhanyeni.4.5 SH.I-HCl ine-spectrum ebanzi yesenzo sokulwa namagciwane, isenzo eside kanye nobuthi obuphansi.Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, kunconywa futhi njengento engaba khona yokunisela izimpande.Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Chx.HCl i-cytotoxicity ephansi, ayikho iphunga futhi ayikho ukunambitheka okungajabulisi.6-9 Izinhlobo eziningana zamalaser zisetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwe-root canal disinfection.Umthelela we-bactericidal wama-lasers uncike kubude beza namandla, kanye nasekuchayekeni okushisayo, okubangela izinguquko odongeni lweseli yebhaktheriya, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-osmotic gradient kuze kufike ekufeni kweseli.Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-laser kanye ne-root canal irrigators kuvula ama-horizons amasha ekubulaweni kwamagciwane ku-pulp.I-10 Amandla e-Ultrasonic akhiqiza ama-frequencies aphezulu kodwa ama-amplitudes aphansi. Amafayela aklanyelwe ukuzungeza kumafrikhwensi e-ultrasonic angu-25–30 kHz, angaphezu komkhawulo wokubona kokuzwa komuntu (>20 kHz). Amafayela aklanyelwe ukuzungeza kumafrikhwensi e-ultrasonic angu-25–30 kHz, angaphezu komkhawulo wokubona kokuzwa komuntu (>20 kHz). Файлы предназначены для колебаний на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, которые находятся за пределами слухового восприяка Господь. Amafayela aklanyelwe ukudlidliza kumafrikhwensi e-ultrasonic angu-25-30 kHz, angaphezu kwebanga lokuzwa komuntu (> 20 kHz).這些文件被设计成在25–30 kHz 的超声波频率下振荡，這超出了人类听觉感知的极限(>20 kHz).I-這些文件被设计成在 25–30 kHz Файлы рассчитаны на колебания на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, что выходит за пределы слухового восприятия человека (>). Amafayela enzelwe ukudlidliza kumafrikhwensi e-ultrasonic angu-25-30 kHz, angaphezu kwemikhawulo yokuzwa komuntu (>20 kHz).Asebenza ngokuzungeza okuphambene, abeka izindlela zesici zamafindo nama-antinode ngobude bawo.Igama elithi “passive ultrasonic irrigation” (PUI) liwumthetho olandelwayo wokunisela lapho kungekho zinsimbi noma izindonga ezihlangana namafayela endodontic noma amathuluzi.Phakathi ne-PUI, amandla e-ultrasound adluliselwa efayeleni elidlidlizayo aye kwisisombululo sokunisela emgodini wempande.Lokhu kokugcina kungabangela ukugeleza kwe-sonic kanye ne-cavitation ye-ejenti eshisayo.11 Ngokusekelwe kudatha engenhla, kuthathwa njengokufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-nanotechnology ukuze kuhlolwe isenzo esithuthukisiwe sokungena nokuhlanza se-Chx.HCl.
I-Chlorhexidine hydrochloride i-Chx.HCl inikezwe ngomusa i-Arab Drug Company for Pharmaceuticals (Cairo, Egypt).I-Labrafil M 1944 CS (oleoylpolyoxy-6-glyceride) yanikezwa ngokukhululekile ngu-Gattefosse (uMpristi Ongcwele, eFrance).Phakathi kwe-20 (i-polyoxyethylene (20) i-sorbitan monolaurate), i-Tween 80 (i-polyoxyethylene (80) i-sorbitan monooleate), i-oleic acid, i-propylene glycol evela ku-Gomhorya Company (Cairo, Egypt)).Ukukhishwa kwamazinyo anezimpande ezingezona eziyingozi zokwelashwa kwe-periodontal noma i-orthodontic, uMnyango wezeSayensi ye-Maxillofacial, i-Faculty of Dentistry, i-Ain Shams University, e-Cairo, e-Egypt.Isiko elihlanzekile le-Enterococcus faecalis (uhlobo lwe-ATCC 29212) olukhule ku-brain heart extract (BHI) umhluzi (RC CLEANER, IIchung Dental Ltd., Seoul, Korea).
I-solubility ye-Chx.HCl emithonjeni ehlukahlukene (i-oleic acid, i-Labrafil M 1944CS, i-Tween 20, i-Tween 80, i-propylene glycol, namanzi) yafundwa.Ukweqisa okukhulu kwe-Chx.HCl (50 mg) kufakwe kushubhu ye-centrifuge futhi i-5.0 g yesigaba esimaphakathi iyengezwa.Ingxube yanyakaziswa kumxube we-vortex imizuzu engu-15 bese igcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa.Ngemva kwamahora angu-24, i-pellet yezidakamizwa ezingancibiliki epayipini yafakwa i-centrifuged ku-3000 rpm imizuzu engu-5 ukuthola i-supernatant ecacile.Qoqa isisombululo esanele sesampula bese usihlanza nge-n-butanol.Amasampuli ahlanjululwe ahlungwa ngephepha lesihlungi se-Whatman 102 futhi ahlanjululwa ngokufanelekile nge-n-butanol ukuze kunqunywe ukugcwala kwezidakamizwa kusixazululo esigcwele.Amasampuli ahlaziywa nge-spectrophotometer ye-UV ku-260 nm ene-n-butanol njengesilawuli.12.13
Umdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-triple phase wakhiwe ukuze kunqunywe isilinganiso esinembile sengxenye ngayinye edingekayo ekwakhiweni ukuze kutholwe amapharamitha alungile we-nanoemulsion ekahle.14 Ukwakheka kwakhiwe kusetshenziswa amafutha (okungukuthi i-oleic acid ne-Labrafil M1944CS), ama-surfactants (okungukuthi, i-Tween 20 kanye ne-Tween 80) kanye ne-surfactant eyengeziwe, okungukuthi i-propylene glycol.Okokuqala, izingxube ezihlukene zama-surfactants (ngaphandle kwama-cosurfactants) namafutha alungiswa ngezilinganiso ezahlukene zevolumu (kusuka ku-1: 9 kuya ku-9: 1).Uma ingxube ihlanganiswa ngamanzi (engeza amanzi adonsela phansi), qapha ngokucophelela ingxube kusukela ekucwebileni kuya kwamafu njengephoyinti lokugcina.Lawa maphuzu okugcina abe esemakwa kumdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-triple.Yonke le nqubo yaphindwa ngezingxube ze-surfactant ne-secondary surfactant (Smix) elungiswe ngezilinganiso ze-2:1 kanye ne-3:1 futhi ixutshwe namafutha akhethiwe angu-15,16 eyodwa.
Izinhlelo ze-Nanoemulsion eziqukethe i-Chx.HCl zalungiswa kusetshenziswa i-Labrafil M 1944 CS njengesigaba samafutha kanye ne-Tween 80 noma i-20 surfactant kanye ne-propylene glycol njenge-surfactant eyengeziwe futhi ekugcineni amanzi, Ithebula 1. Umuthi waqedwa ku-Labrafil M 1944 CS futhi amanzi ahlanganisiwe e-surfactant ahlanganisiwe kanye nesilinganiso sesibili se-surfactant sanezelwa ku-surfactant ye-surfactant ye-secondary yengezwe ngesilinganiso se-surfactant sesibili.Inani le-surfactant ne-co-surfactant elengeziwe, kanye nephesenti lesigaba sikawoyela esingangezwa, linqunywa kusetshenziswa umdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-ternary.Ijeneretha ye-ultrasonic (Ultrasonic LC 60 H, Elma, Germany) yasetshenziselwa ukufeza ububanzi obufunekayo bosayizi wokuhlakaza ama-granules.Bese ubhalansisa.17
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlakazeka kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlakazeka (uDkt. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Model Diss 6000, Thun, Switzerland) lapho u-1 ml wokulungiselela ngakunye wengezwe ku-500 ml wamanzi ku-37±0.5°C.Ukuyaluza okumnene kuqinisekiswa ngamaphinifa ancibilikayo ensimbi engenasici ajikeleza ngo-50 rpm.I-emulsion eyaba umphumela yanqunywa ngokubukeka futhi yahlukaniswa njengecacile, i-translucent ene-bluish tinge, i-milky noma i-hazy.Khetha ifomula ecacile yocwaningo olwengeziwe.18.19
Ukukhishwa kwe-Chx.HCl kusuka ekuqanjweni okulungiselelwe kwe-nanoemulsion okusekelwe kumdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-triple kuholela ekukhiqizweni kwe-n-butanol kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic.Ngemva kokuhlanjululwa okufanele, okukhishiwe kwahlaziywa nge-spectrophotometrically kubude begagasi obungu-260 nm kokuqukethwe kwe-Chx.HCl.amashumi amabili
Ukuze uhlole isikhathi sokuzikhandla, i-1 ml yokwakheka ngakunye yanezelwa kubhekha ogcwele u-250 ml wamanzi acwecwe futhi agcinwe ku-37 ± 1 ° C ngokunyakaziswa njalo ku-50 rpm.Isikhathi se-self-emulsification sithathwa njengesikhathi lapho i-preconcentrate yenza ingxube ye-homogeneous ngemva kokuhlanjululwa.amashumi amabili nanye
Ukuze uhlaziye usayizi wamaconsi, hlambulula u-50 mg wokwakheka okwenziwe kahle ube ngu-1000 ml ngamanzi eflaskini bese uxuba ngobumnene ngesandla.Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wamaconsi kwanqunywa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi le-Malvern Zetasizer 2000 (i-Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) ngaphansi kwezimo zokutholwa kwe-backscatter engu-173º, izinga lokushisa elingu-25ºC, kanye nenkomba ye-refractive engu-1.330.amashumi amabili nambili
Izifundo zokuqedwa kwe-in vitro zenziwa kusetshenziswa i-USP Type II apparatus (paddle) (uDkt. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Diss Model 6000) ku-50 rpm.Amanzi acwengekile (500 ml) agcinwe ezingeni lokushisa elingu-37±0.5°C asetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlakaza, kanti u-5 ml wokubunjwa okulungisiwe wengezwa ngokudonsela phansi endaweni yokuhlakazeka.Khona-ke, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, u-5 ml we-dissolution medium wathathwa futhi inani lomuthi okhululiwe lanqunywa i-spectrophotometrically ku-254 nm.Izivivinyo zenziwa ngokuphindwe kathathu.amashumi amabili nantathu
Khona-ke, amapharamitha we-kinetic we-Chx.HCl yokukhululwa kwe-in vitro kusuka kuma-nanoemulsions alungiselelwe ngesisekelo sayo alinganiswa.I-Zero, i-oda lokuqala nelesibili i-kinetics kanye namamodeli wokusabalalisa we-Higuchi ahlolwe ukuze kukhethwe ukulandelana kwe-kinetic okufaneleka kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-Chx.HCl.
U-2 ml wokwakheka ngakunye ugcinwe endaweni yokushisa ye-ambient amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba.Amasampuli angu-1 ml we-Chx.HCl ngayinye ye-nanoemulsion formulation abe esehlanjululwa abe ngu-10 ml kanye no-100 ml ngamanzi acwecwe ku-25° C. futhi agcinwe amahora angu-24.Kwabe sekubonakala ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba.amashumi amabili nanye
Khona-ke amasampula ka-2 ml wokwakheka ngakunye adluliselwa ngokuhlukana emabhodleleni asobala ane-screw cap futhi agcinwe esiqandisini ngo-2 ° C amahora angu-24.Bese zisuswa futhi zigcinwe ku-25°C no-40°C.Umjikelezo wokupholisa owodwa wenziwa.Amasampula abe eseqashelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kanye nemvula yezidakamizwa.amashumi amabili nanye
Isampula engu-5 ml ye-Chx.HCl ngayinye ye-nanoemulsion formulation idluliselwe eshubhuni yengilazi yafakwa ku-centrifuge yaselabhorethri (i-Shanghai Surgical Instrument Factory Microcentrifuge Model 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China) futhi yafakwa i-centrifuged ku-4000 rpm imizuzu emi-5.Amasampula abe eseqashelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kanye nemvula yezidakamizwa.amashumi amabili nanye
Konke ukuhlola kuvunywe yiKomidi Lokuziphatha Lesikhungo lase-Ain Shams University, e-Egypt.Kukhethwe amazinyo omuntu angama-50 anezimpande ezingezona ezinempande eyodwa akhethiwe.Amazinyo akhishwe asetshenziswa ngemva kokuthola imvume ebhaliwe enolwazi esayinwe isiguli.Amazinyo ahlanganisa ama-maxillary and mandibular incisors kanye nama-mandibular premolars.Izingxenye ezingaphandle zezimpande zalashwa nge-curette futhi wonke amazinyo afakwa inzalo ebusweni ku-0.5% NaOCl amahora angu-24 bese egcinwa ku-saline oyinyumba kuze kube yilapho esetshenziswa.Umqhele wasuswa ngediski yedayimane eseceleni ephephile futhi ubude bezinyo benziwa ngokwejwayelekile baba ngu-16 mm ukusuka phezulu kuye ku-coronal margin.24,25 Ngokusho kwesixazululo sokuhlanza, amazinyo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
(A) Amasampula eqembu (n=24) awashwe nge-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion.Iqembu elincane (I) (n = 12) amasampula ahlanjululwe nge-5 ml Chx.HCl nanoemulsion 0.75%.Iqembu elincane (II) (n=12) lihlanza amasampula ngo-5 ml we-1.6% we-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion.(B) Iqembu (n=24) lamasampula lizowashwa ngo-5 ml 2% we-Chx.HCl usayizi ojwayelekile wezinhlayiyana.Iqembu lokulawula: (n=2) ligezwe ngo-5 ml saline ngaphandle kokusebenza.
Kwakhethwa amazinyo omuntu angama-44 angena-carious anezimpande eyodwa anethiphu elakhiwe.Amazinyo ahlanganisa ama-maxillary and mandibular incisors kanye nama-mandibular premolars.Izingxenye ezingaphandle zezimpande zalashwa nge-curette futhi wonke amazinyo afakwa inzalo ebusweni ku-0.5% NaOCl amahora angu-24 bese egcinwa ku-saline oyinyumba kuze kube yilapho esetshenziswa.Imiqhele ikhishwe ngediski yedayimane yokuphepha futhi ubude bezinyo benziwa ngokujwayelekile bube ngu-16 mm ukusuka phezulu kuye ku-coronal margin.24,25,29
Ukulungiswa komshini wesayizi wefayela le-apical main 50 usebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile.Sebenzisa i-saline oyinyumba njengento yokunisela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.Ekugcineni, umsele wempande wagezwa ngo-2 ml we-17% EDTA umzuzu ongu-1 ukuze kukhishwe ungqimba lwe-smear.Yonke impande, kuhlanganise neforamu ye-apical yesampula ngayinye, yayimbozwe ngamajazi amabili e-nail polish (cyanoacrylate glue) ukuvimbela ukuvuza.Amazinyo abe esehlelwa abheke phezulu ebhulokhini le-tartar ukuze kube lula ukuphatha nokuhlonza.29-33 Amasampula abe esefakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-121ºC naku-15 psi imizuzu engama-20.Ngemuva kokuvala inzalo, wonke amasampula athuthwa futhi acutshungulwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenalutho kusetshenziswa izinsimbi eziyinyumba.Izimpande zemisele zazingcoliswe isiko elimsulwa le-Enterococcus faecalis (uhlobo lwe-ATCC 29212) olutshalwe ku-brain heart extract (BHI) umhluzi amahora angama-24 ku-37°C.Usebenzisa i-micropipette oyinyumba, jova ukumiswa okucacile kwe-E. faecalis inoculum emiseleni elungisiwe yawo wonke amazinyo.Amabhulokhi abe esefakwa emabhodweni angenalutho futhi efakwe ku-37°C amahora angu-24.31, 34, 35
(A) Amasampula eqembu (n=24) awashwe nge-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion.Amasampula eqembu elincane (I) (n=12) ahlanjululwe nge-5 ml ye-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion 0.75%.Iqembu elincane (II) (n = 12) lihlanza amasampula ngo-5 ml we-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion 1.6%.
Iqembu lokulawula: Ukulawula okuhle, (n=4) umsele wempande ongcolile ugezwe ngo-5 ml saline futhi wagcinwa njengokulawula okuhle.Ukulawula Okungalungile: (n=4) Izibonelo azizange zijovwe ngokumiswa, okusho ukuthi umgudu wempande wawungangcolisiwe nge-E. faecalis, futhi wawugcinwe uyinyumba njengokulawula okungalungile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvala inzalo nokwethembeka kwenqubo.Sebenzisa isixazululo sokugeza esingu-5 ml kusampula ngayinye.Isampula ngalinye libe seligezwa okokugcina ngo-1 ml we-saline oyinyumba.
Ithiphu yephepha elingusayizi 35 isetshenziswa ukuqoqa amasampula emiseleni yezimpande.Ithiphu yephepha yafakwa ku-tube ubude bokusebenza, ishiywe imizuzwana engu-10, bese idluliselwa kumapuleti e-agar ukuze kunqunywe inani lamayunithi okwenza ikholoni (CFU) ipuleti ngalinye.Amapuleti afukanyelwa ku-37ºC amahora angama-24 bese ehlolwa ngokubukeka ukukhula kwamagciwane.Ipuleti elibonisa ngale libonisa ukuvala inzalo okuphelele.Amapuleti afiphele abhekwa njengakhombisa ukukhula okuhle.Isilinganiso senani lama-CFU endaweni yokukhula kwebhaktheriya ngesidlo ngasinye sanqunywa futhi inani lama-CFU labalwa.Abasindile balinganiswa ngokuyinhloko ngezibalo ezisebenzayo kumapuleti e-drip.Ukwengeza, inkomishi yokuthulula yayisetshenziselwa ukubala ama-CFU aphansi, futhi ukuhlanjululwa ku-106 kwasetshenziswa ukubala ama-CFU aphezulu.36.37
Lungiselela amashubhu aqukethe u-15 ml we-agar medium encibilikisiwe efakwe inzalo ngaphambili ku-autoclave ngosuku olufanayo nolwesivivinyo.I-Enterococcus faecalis i-facultative Gram-positive anaerobic coccus engaphila ku-pH ephezulu kakhulu, i-acidity kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.Amasampula ebhaktheriya angama-39 (i-Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) alungiswa ngokuxuba amaseli avela kumakoloni nosayini oyinyumba.Amasampula ebhaktheriya abe esehlanjululwa ngosawoti ukuze afane ne-McFarland 0.5, okulingana no-108 CFU/mL.Isampula yevolumu engeziwe yayingu-10 µl.39 Izinga le-turbidity (McFarland 0.5)40 lalungiswa ngokuthela u-0.6 ml ka-1% (10 g/l) isixazululo se-barium chloride dihydrate kusilinda esineziqu esingu-100 ml bese sigcwaliswa ku-100 ml nge-1% (10 g/l) ye-sulfuric acid.Izindinganiso ze-turbidity zafakwa kumashubhu afanayo namasampula omhluzi futhi zigcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa izinyanga ezingu-6 ebumnyameni futhi zivalwe ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka.Vula isivalo sesitsha sePetri esingenalutho bese uthela isampula phakathi kwesitsha.Uma i-agar iqine ngokuphelele, guqula ipuleti futhi ufukamele ku-37°C amahora angu-24.
Yonke idatha yaqoqwa, yahlungwa futhi yafakwa ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo.Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-IBM® SPSS® Statistical Version 17 ye-Windows (SPSS Inc., IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).
Ukunyibilika kwe-Chx.HCl ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zikawoyela, izixazululo ze-surfactant, izixazululo ze-co-surfactant, namanzi kwacwaningwa.I-Chx.Hcl inokunyibilika okuphezulu kakhulu ku-Labrafil M kanye ne-solubility ephansi ku-oleic acid.Ukuncibilika kwezidakamizwa okuphakeme esigabeni samafutha kubalulekile kuma-nanoemulsions ngoba ama-nanoemulsions ayakwazi ukugcina umuthi efomini elincibilikisiwe, okusho ukuthi ukuncibilika kwezidakamizwa okuphezulu emafutheni kubangela amafutha amancane ekwakhiweni futhi ngakho-ke izidakamizwa ezincane.ukulayisha Inani elithile le-surfactant kanye ne-co-surfactant liyadingeka ukuze kufakwe amaconsi kawoyela emulsify.
Umdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-triple wakhiwe ukuze uchaze izifunda ze-nanoemulsion futhi wandise ukugxila kwamafutha akhethiwe, ama-surfactants, nama-surfactants engeziwe (Labrafil M, Tween 80, Tween 20, ne-propylene glycol, ngokulandelana).I-Chx.Hcl ikhombisa ukuncibilika okuphansi kakhulu ku-oleic acid, okuholela ekubeni kube namafu lapho i-oleic acid ihlanganiswa nethonsi lokuqala lamanzi.Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-oleic acid alufakwanga kulolu cwaningo.Okunye ukwakheka kulungiswe kusetshenziswa ingxube kawoyela engu-1:9 ne-surfactant.ububanzi be-pH namandla e-ionic, ngakho-ke lawa ma-surfactants akhethiwe.
Konke ukwakheka okulungisiwe bekucacile ngaphandle kwe-System F2, ebonakale inamafu futhi ngenxa yalokho yakhishwa ezifundweni zokuhlola ezengeziwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-nanoemulsion efanele kufanele kukwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha lapho kuhlanjululwe ngokuyaluza okuthambile.Ukwakhiwa kwe-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion kubonise izikhathi ezimfushane ze-emulsification, kusuka kumasekhondi angu-1.67 kuya kwangu-12.33.I-Tween 80 inesikhathi esifushane kakhulu se-emulsification.Lokhu kungachazwa amandla aphezulu oku-solubilizing we-Tween 80. Isikhathi sokuzikhandla siyakhula ngokukhula kwe-surfactant, okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity yesistimu ngaphansi kwesenzo se-surfactant.
Usayizi we-droplet we-emulsion unquma izinga kanye nezinga lokukhululwa kwesidakamizwa.Usayizi wamaconsi we-emulsion omncane uphumela esikhathini esifushane sokwenza i-emulsion nendawo engaphezulu yokumuncwa kwezidakamizwa.Amasayizi amaconsi amaphakathi wezinto ezikhethiwe ze-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ayengu-711±0.44, 587±15.3, 10.97±0.11, 16.43±4.55, kanye no-12.18±2.48, futhi i-PDI yayingu-0 .76, 1, 0. ., F3 kanye no-0.16 ngokulandelanayo F4, F5 kanye ne-F6.Amafomula aqukethe i-Tween 80 njenge-surfactant abonise ama-spherulite amancane.Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu emulsifying.Inani eliphansi le-PDI libonisa ukusabalalisa kosayizi wesistimu omncane.Lokhu kwakheka kunokubukeka okuhlanzekile ngenxa yokuthi i-droplet radii mincane kunobude beza obubonakalayo bokukhanya okubonakalayo (390-750 nm) lapho kwenzeka ukuhlakazeka okuncane kokukhanya.41
Emkhiwaneni.2 ibonisa iphesenti le-Chx.HCl ekhishwe ekwakhiweni okuhlanganisiwe.Ukukhululwa okuphelele komuthi ekwakhiweni okulungiselelwe kwe-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion kwakusukela kumaminithi angu-2 kuya kwangu-7.Kubonwe ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokukhululwa kwezidakamizwa litholakale esimweni se-Chx.HCl F6 nanoemulsion formulation (i-2 min), okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-Tween 80, ebonisa izinga eliphezulu le-emulsification, kanye ne-nanoemulsion ephumela.inikeza indawo enkulu yokukhululwa kwezidakamizwa, okuvumela ukwanda kwamazinga okukhululwa kwezidakamizwa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhiwo ze-solubility ze-propylene glycol zivumela inani elikhulu lama-hydrophilic surfactants ukuba lihlakazwe emafutheni.40
Ukukhishwa kwe-Chx.HCl ku-vitro kutholwe kulandela i-kinetic oda ehlukile, futhi akukho myalelo we-kinetic ocacile ongabonisa ukukhululwa kwezidakamizwa ekwenziweni okulungiselelwe okuhlukile kwe-nanoemulsion.Ukukhishwa kwe-kinetic kwemithi ye-F4 i-oda lokuqala kinetics, okusho ukuthi ikhishwa ngokulingana nenani lomuthi osele ngaphakathi kuyo.42 Ukukhishwa kwe-kinetic kwezinye izidakamizwa kwakuhambisana nemodeli yokusabalalisa ye-Higuasha, ebonisa ukuthi inani lomuthi okhishiwe lalilingana nempande eyisikwele yengqikithi yokuncibilika kwezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ku-nanoemulsion.42
Amafomula akhethiwe abe ngaphansi kokuzinza kwe-thermodynamic okuhlukahlukene ngokuhlolwa kwengcindezi kusetshenziswa imijikelezo yokupholisa ukushisa, i-centrifugation kanye nemijikelezo yokuncibilika kweqhwa.Kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-F3 kanye ne-F4 kukhombisa imvula yomuthi ngemuva kwemijikelezo yokuncibilika, kuyilapho i-F1 ikhombisa ukuqina (i-gelling).I-F5 ne-F6 iphumelele umjikelezo we-centrifugation oqhubekayo, ukuhlolwa kokushisisa nokupholisa kanye nokuhlolwa kweqhwa.Ama-nanoemulsions amasistimu azinzile ngokwe-thermodynamically akhiwe ezindaweni ezithile zikawoyela, i-surfactant namanzi ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, i-emulsification noma ukuqhekeka.Ukuzinza okushisayo okuhlukanisa ama-nanoemulsions kusuka ku-emulsion, ezinzile ngokwe-kinetically futhi ekugcineni azohlukana ngezigaba.I-19 F3 ibonise usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu (587 nm) kunezinye izinhlobo, ezingase zichaze ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kanye nemvula yezidakamizwa ekuhlolweni kokuqina kwe-thermodynamic.I-F4 equkethe i-Tween 80 futhi ayikho i-co-surfactant ebonise ukuna kwezidakamizwa, lokhu kungase kubonise isidingo sokusebenzisa i-propylene glycol ne-Tween 80 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokwakheka kwe-nanoemulsion.I-F1 equkethe i-Tween 20 ngaphandle kwe-surfactant eyengeziwe ebonisiwe ukuqina (i-gelling), okuwukukhuphuka kwe-viscosity yejeli noma amandla ngenxa yokuhlanganisa amaconsi.
Imiphumela yokuzinza ibonisa ukubaluleka kokuba khona kwe-propylene glycol surfactant eyengeziwe ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiyana nokuvimbela ukuna kwezidakamizwa.I-43 F6 yayiwukwakheka okungcono kakhulu ngenxa yosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane (12.18 nm), isikhathi esifushane se-emulsification (imizuzwana engu-1.67) kanye nezinga lokuqedwa okusheshayo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2.Kwatholakala ukuthi iyisistimu ye-thermodynamically/phystable stable ngakho-ke yakhethwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nesifundo.
Ukwehluleka ngemva kokwelashwa kwezimpande kuya ngokuya kwenzeka, okusho ukuthi iziguli zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi.I-Biofilm engu-44,45 kufanele ikhishwe ngesikhathi sokubulala amagciwane futhi kugcwaliswa imisele yezimpande.46,47 Ngenxa yobunzima besistimu yezimpande, kuba nzima ukususa ngokuphelele izimpande zebhaktheriya usebenzisa izinsimbi kuphela nokunisela.48 Ukuphumelela kwezisombululo zokugeza zempande kuncike ekungeneni kokoselayo ku-DT kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka kubhaktheriya.49 Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezintsha zokuvala inzalo ezimpandeni ngokuphelele ziye zazanywa futhi zahlolwa.Amahlanzi avamile awayiqedi ngokuphelele i-E. faecalis ngenxa yokungena okuncane kwe-DT.50.
Amandla okuhlanza amaphakathi e-nanoemulsion rinse ayengu-2001.47 µm2, futhi isilinganiso sikasayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-rinse aid sasingu-2609.56 µm.Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kokugeza i-nanoemulsion kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ojwayelekile wokugeza ubungu-608.09 µm2. Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokuchelela kukasayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (P-value 0.00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokuchelela kukasayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (P-value 0.00052). Между ирригационными растворами наноэмульсии и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц наблюдалась статистистически зназион чение P 0,00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (P value 0.00052) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokuchelela kwezinhlayiyana ezivamile.纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）P<0.001）纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）P<0.001） I-Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц была статистически очень значимая разница,2000000000 (P500000) Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.0001) phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion rinse kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza (inani le-P 0.00052).I-nanoemulsion ibonise umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile, okubonisa indawo ephansi yensalela yensalela, okungukuthi impahla ye-nanoemulsion inekhono lokuhlanza elingcono kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso wesi-3.
Umfanekiso 3. Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kokuhlanza kwezinsiza zokuhlanza: (A) nge-Nano CHX laser ecushiwe, (B) nge-CHX laser ecushiwe, (C) ne-PUI Nano CHX, (D) ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-Nano CHX, (E) ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-CHX, kanye (F) ) nokusebenza kwe-CHX PUI.
Indawo emaphakathi yezingxenye ezisele ze-Chx.HCl 1.6% yayingu-2320.36 µm2, futhi indawo emaphakathi ye-Chx.HCl 2% yayingu-2949.85 µm2. Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-nanoemulsion irrigants kanye nokuchelela kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (i-P-value 0.00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-nanoemulsion irrigants kanye nokuchelela kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (i-P-value 0.00000). Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая (P<0,001) разница между более высокой концентрацией наноэмульсионцансых ирригансонский ворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kanye nokuchelela kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (inani le-P 0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的（显着的0显着的）1P 0000.较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学显着的差异弈01P0.（001P0. Наблюдалась статистически очень значимая разница (P<0,001) между более высокими концентрациями ополаскивателя с наноэмульпься мером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokugxila okuphezulu kwe-nanoemulsion rinse kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza (inani lika-P 0.00000).Nakuba ukugxilwa kwe-nanoemulsion irrigant kwakungaphansi kwalokho kwesilinganiso sezinhlayiyana ezivamile zokunisela, lokhu kugxila okuphansi kwakuphumelele kakhulu ekususeni udoti futhi kuphumelela kakhulu ekuhlanzeni imisele yezimpande.
I-PUI ibe nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula. I-PUI ibe nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula. PUI имел статистически высокозначимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI ibe nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001).与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001). По сравнению с другими методами активации PUI имел статистически очень значимую разницу (p<0,001). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula, i-PUI ibe nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001).Ngokusebenza kwe-ISP, indawo emaphakathi yendawo eyinsalela yemfucumfucu yayingu-1695.31 µm2. Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser ubungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngo-(p-value 0.00000). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser ubungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngo-(p-value 0.00000). I-Средняя разница между PUI ne-Laser составила 987,89929, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) разницу с (p-значение 000). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser ubungu-987.89929, obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ukusuka ku-(p-value 0.00000). I-PUI 和Laser 之间的平均差异為987.89929,显示出高度统计学显着性(P<0.001) 差异(p 值0.0000).I-PUI kanye ne-Laser I-Средняя разница между PUI ne-Laser составила 987,89929, что свидетельствует о высокой статистической значимости (P<0,001) разни000 (P<0,001) разни0000 (P<0,001) разни000 Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser ubungu-987.89929, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwezibalo eziphezulu (P<0.001) umehluko (inani le-p 0.00000). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungabikho kokwenza kusebenze ubungu-712.40643 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) onenani lika-p elingu-0.00098).Ukusetshenziswa noma ukuvulwa kwe-Laser noma ukungabikho kokwenza kusebenze kwakungahlukanga kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) ngenani elingu-P elingu-P elingu-P-451211. Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungabikho kokwenza kusebenze ubungu-712.40643 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngevelu engu-p engu-0.00098).inani le-P elingu-0.451211. Средняя разница между PUI and отсутствием активации составила 712,40643, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,008,001) семонстрируя значимую (P<0,008,001) Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungabikho kokwenza kusebenze kwaba ngu-712.40643, okubonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngenani elingu-p elingu-0.00098).P-inani 0.451211. I-PUI 和未激活之间的平均差异為712.40643，显示高度统计学显着性差异(P<0.001)，p 0006430).I-PUI Средняя разница между PUI и инактивацией составила 712,40643, что свидетельствует о высокой статистической значимости разниц00001, p900001, p900001 Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungasebenzi kwaba ngu-712.40643, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwezibalo okuphezulu komehluko (P<0.001, p-value 0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P 值為0.451211.使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P 值為0.451211. Статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) с лазерной активацией или без нее не было со значением P 0,451211. Awukho umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) ngokwenza kusebenze i-laser noma ngaphandle kwayo enevelu engu-P engu-0.451211.Indawo emaphakathi yezingcezu ezisele lapho kwenziwa kusebenze i-laser yayingu-2683.21 µm2.Indawo emaphakathi yezingcezu ezisele ngaphandle kokusebenza ibingu-2407.72 µm2.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvula i-laser noma ukungavulwa, i-PUI ibe nendawo ye-chip emaphakathi ngokwezibalo, okungukuthi amandla okuhlanza angcono kakhulu.
Amandla okuhlanza amaphakathi e-nanoemulsion rinse ayengu-2001.47 µm2, futhi isilinganiso sikasayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-rinse aid sasingu-2609.56 µm.Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kokugeza i-nanoemulsion kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ojwayelekile wokugeza ubungu-608.09 µm2. Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokuchelela kukasayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (P-value 0.00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokuchelela kukasayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (P-value 0.00052). I-Между ирригационными растворами наноэмульсии и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц была статистически высояни 10 (P. 0,00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (P value 0.00052) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokuchelela kwezinhlayiyana ezivamile.纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0（001（P<0（001). P <0.001 (P值0.00052). I-Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц была статистически очень значимая разница,2000000000 (P500000) Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.0001) phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion rinse kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza (inani le-P 0.00052).Uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile, i-nanoemulsion inomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo, obonisa indawo ephansi yensalela yensalela, okungukuthi impahla ye-Nanoemulsion inekhono lokuhlanza elingcono njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Indawo emaphakathi yezingxenye ezisele ze-Chx.HCl 1.6% yayingu-2320.36 µm2, futhi indawo emaphakathi ye-Chx.HCl 2% yayingu-2949.85 µm2. Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-nanoemulsion irrigants kanye nokuchelela kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (i-P-value 0.00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-nanoemulsion irrigants kanye nokuchelela kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (i-P-value 0.00000). Ukushintshanisa okungcono kakhulu kwe- P<0,001 с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kanye nokuchelela kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile (inani le-P 0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的Ｎ显着的0显着的（0P00. 000.较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的Ｎ显着的0显着的0显着的0显着的0显着的0显着. Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая разница (P <0,001) между более высокими концентрациями ополаскивателя с наноэмульпьемский мером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P <0.001) phakathi kokugxila okuphezulu kwe-nanoemulsion rinse kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza (inani le-P 0.00000).Nakuba ukugxilwa kwe-nanoemulsion irrigant kwakungaphansi kwalokho kwesilinganiso sezinhlayiyana ezivamile zokunisela, lokhu kugxila okuphansi kwakuphumelele kakhulu ekususeni udoti futhi kuphumelela kakhulu ekuhlanzeni imisele yezimpande.
I-PUI inomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula. I-PUI inomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula. PUI имел статистически высокую значимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI ibe nomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上的显着差异(p<0.001). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula, i-PUI inomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p<0.001). I-PUI статистически значимо отличался (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI ibihluke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuvula.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-PUI, indawo eyisilinganiso semfucumfucu engaphezulu yayiyi-1695.31 μm2. Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser ubungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge-(p-value 0.00000). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungabikho kokwenza kusebenze ubungu-712.40643 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) umehluko we-0.0 ye-noservation engu-0 noma engu-0.0 ye-noservation engu-0. ibingekho ngokwezibalo ngokuphawulekayo (P>0.05) ehlukile nge-(P-value 0.451211). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser ubungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngo-(p-value 0.00000).Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungabikho kokwenza kusebenze ubungu-712.40643 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngo-(p -value 0.00098).Ukusetshenziswa kokuvula i-Laser noma ukungabikho kokwenza kusebenze kwakungekho ngokwezibalo kakhulu (P>0.05) kuhluke ngokuthi (P-value 0.451211). Средняя разница между PUI and лазером составила 987,89929, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) разницу с (p0 з,00). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-laser ubungu-987.89929, obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngo-(p-value 0.00000). - значение 0,00098).Использование лазерной активации или отсутствие активации не имело статистически значимой разницы (P>0,0,01,5,5) (P>0,01,5,5) с. - inani 0.00098).Ukusetshenziswa kokwenza kusebenze i-laser noma ukungavuleli kube nomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) nge-(P-value 0.451211). I-PUI 和激光之间的平均差异為987.89929，与(p 值0.00000) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.001) Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-laser ngu-987.89929, futhi umehluko (p 值0.00000) unokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001). Средняя разница между PUI and лазером составила 987,89929, что было высоко статистически значимым (P<0,001) с (значение p 0,000). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-laser wawungu-987.89929, owawubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngo-(p value 0.00000). PUI 与未激活之间的平均差异為712.40643，与(p) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.001.001) -0080 Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nengasebenzi ngu-712.40643, futhi umehluko (p) unokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001) - inani elingu-0.00098. Средняя разница между PUI and инактивацией составила 712,40643, что было высоко статистически значимым с разницей (p) (P<0,0009 — P<0,0009 —). Umehluko omaphakathi phakathi kwe-PUI nokungasebenzi kwaba ngu-712.40643, obekubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo kunomehluko (p) (P<0.001 – inani elingu-0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活没有显着统计学差异(P>0.05) 与(P 值0.451211). Awukho umehluko obalulekile wezibalo phakathi kokuvula i-laser nokungayenzi kusebenze (P>0.05) kanye (P 值0.451211). Не было статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) по сравнению с (значение P 0,451211) с лазерной активацией или без нее. Awukho umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) uma kuqhathaniswa (inani elingu-P 0.451211) ngokwenza kusebenze i-laser noma ngaphandle kwayo.Indawo emaphakathi yezingcezu ezisele ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-laser yayingu-2683.21 μm2.Indawo emaphakathi yezingcezu ezisele ngaphandle kokusebenza ibingu-2407.72 μm2.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvula i-laser noma ukungasebenzi, i-PUI inendawo encane ngokwezibalo emaphakathi ye-chip, okungukuthi ikhono lokuhlanza elingcono.
Umthelela omaphakathi we-nanoemulsion rinse ekususeni udoti ubuphezulu kakhulu ngokwezibalo kunalowo wokuhlanjululwa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezivamile.I-Chx.HCl 1.6%, PUI 1938.77 µm2, 2510.96 µm2 ene-laser.Ngaphandle kokwenza kusebenze, inani eliyisilinganiso lingu-2511.34 µm2.Lapho i-Chx.HCl engu-2% isetshenziswa futhi yenziwa yasebenza ngelaser, imiphumela yaba mibi kakhulu futhi inani lemfucumfucu lalilikhulu.Imiphumela efanayo itholwe lapho i-0.75% i-Chx.HCl ingenziwanga isebenze.Ngokusobala, imiphumela engcono kakhulu yatholwa kusetshenziswa ukugxila okuphezulu kosizo lokuhlanza ku-nanoemulsion.I-PUI ibisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwenzeni kusebenze ngokunisela kanye nokukhuculula imfucumfucu, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3A-F)).
Njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2, i-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion yenze kangcono kunezinhlayiya zosayizi ojwayelekile ngokuya ngokubala kwe-microorganism esebenzayo futhi yaba nokuhlobana okuhle nokungena kokubunjwa kanye nomphumela wokuhlanza ngokuvumelana nemingcele elandelayo: usayizi, ukugxila kwe-ejenti eshaywayo kanye nendlela yokwenza kusebenze.
Amagciwane angabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-rinse aid.Noma kusetshenziswa i-PUI, i-0.75% i-Chx.HCl ibe nomthelela omubi kakhulu we-antibacterial.Ukusebenza kwe-Laser kunomphumela omubi kuma-rinse we-nano-emulsion.Njengoba kungabonakala kuyo yonke imiphumela yangaphambilini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-Chx.HCl 0.75% nanoemulsion, lapho i-CFU ye-nanoChx.HCl 0.75% ingu-195, okuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ama-reagents kulokhu kuhlushwa afaniswa nokusebenza kwe-laser.Ama-laser e-Diode ayi-photothermal, ngakho-ke ukukhanya noma ukushisa kungabangela i-nanoemulsion ukuthi ilahlekelwe umphumela wayo we-antibacterial.Umphumela wokugxila okuphezulu ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwamagciwane.I-Nano Chx.HCl 1.6% ibonise ukukhula kwebhaktheriya okungekuhle lapho kukhona ukusebenza kwe-laser, okusho ukuthi i-laser ayizange ithinte ikhono le-antibacterial le-nano Chx.HCl 1.6%.Kungaphetha ngokuthi i-nanoemulsion material ene-concentration ephakeme inomphumela ongcono we-antibacterial.
Kulo msebenzi, i-Chx.HCl nanoemulsions yalungiswa kusetshenziswa amafutha amabili ahlukene, ama-surfactants amabili kanye ne-co-surfactant, ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu (F6) okunosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane, isikhathi esifushane se-emulsification kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuqedwa) likhethiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, (i-F6) ihlolwe ukuzinza kwe-thermodynamic/ngokomzimba.Ku-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ekuhlanganiseni kwe-1.6%, i-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ibonise ukufinyeleleka okungcono kakhulu kuma-tubules wamazinyo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Chx.HCl yendabuko njengoketshezi oluhlanjululwayo, futhi i-PUI njengendlela yokwenza kusebenze inekhono lokuhlanza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ze-antibacterial ze-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion zibonise ukuqedwa okuphelele kwamagciwane.Imiphumela ikuqinisekisile lokhu.I-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ingathathwa njengoketshezi lokuwasha oluthembisayo.
Sibonga kakhulu kubasebenzi belabhorethri yocwaningo ye-Misr University of Science and Technology ngokuseseka kwabo okukhulu.