Izingxenye zokuvikela amaphampu ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi zivikela amaphampu esihlabathini futhi zandise ukuphila kokusebenza kwe-ESPs emithonjeni engajwayelekile.Lesi sixazululo silawula ukugeleza kwesanti se-frac nezinye izinto eziqinile ezingabangela ukulayisha ngokweqile nokunciphisa isikhathi.Ubuchwepheshe obuvumelayo buqeda izinkinga ezihlobene nokungaqiniseki kokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana.
Njengoba imithombo kawoyela eyengeziwe ithembele kuma-ESP, ukwelula ukuphila kwezinhlelo zokupompa ugesi ezingaphansi kwamanzi (ESP) kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.Impilo yokusebenza nokusebenza kwamaphampu okuphakamisa okwenziwa azwela kuqinile emanzini akhiqizwayo.Impilo yokusebenza nokusebenza kwe-ESP kwehle kakhulu ngokwanda kwezinhlayiya eziqinile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziqinile zandisa isikhathi sokuphumula somthombo kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza edingekayo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imvamisa ye-ESP.
Izinhlayiya eziqinile ezivame ukugeleza kumaphampu okuphakamisa okwenziwa ahlanganisa isihlabathi sokwakheka, iziphehli ze-hydraulic fracturing, usimende, nezinhlayiya zensimbi ezigugulekayo noma ezigqwalile.Ubuchwepheshe be-Downhole obuklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa okuqinile busukela kuma-cyclone asebenza kahle kakhulu kuye kosebenza kahle kakhulu we-3D stainless steel mesh. asetshenziselwa ukuvikela amaphampu ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Nokho, imithombo engajwayelekile ingaphansi kokugeleza kwe-slug ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela kubuchwepheshe obukhona be-downhole vortex separator obusebenza kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zezikrini zokulawula isihlabathi ezihlanganisiwe kanye nama-downhole vortex desanders kuye kwahlongozwa ukuze kuvikelwe ama-ESP. Nokho, kunezikhala ekuvikelekeni nasekukhiqizeni ukusebenza kwawo wonke amaphampu ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokusabalalisa usayizi kanye nevolumu yezinto eziqinile ezikhiqizwa umthombo ngamunye. s.Ukujula kokusetha okujulile kukhethwa emithonjeni engajwayelekile.Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-de-sanders namahange odaka owesilisa ukuze kumiswe imihlangano yokulawula isihlabathi eside, eqinile ezingxenyeni ze-casing ezinobukhulu obuphezulu be-dogleg elinganiselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ESP MTBF.Ukubola kweshubhu elingaphakathi kungenye ingxenye yalo mklamo engazange ihlolwe ngokufanele.
Ababhali bephepha lango-2005 baveze imiphumela yokuhlola yesihlukanisi sesihlabathi se-downhole esekelwe kushubhu ye-cyclone (Umfanekiso 1), obekuncike esenzweni sesiphepho namandla adonsela phansi, ukukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kuncike ku-viscosity yamafutha, izinga lokugeleza, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana .Babonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwesihlukanisi kuncike kakhulu ekuncipheni kokugeleza kwezinhlayiyana eziqinile, ukugeleza okuqinile kokuncipha kokugeleza kwe-secretion. usayizi wezinhlayiyana, nokukhula kwe-viscosity kawoyela, Umfanekiso 2.Ngokwehlukanisi esijwayelekile seshubhu le-cyclone, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kwehla kufika ku-~10% njengoba usayizi wezinhlayiyana wehlela ku-~100 µm.Ukwengeza, njengoba izinga lokugeleza landa, isihlukanisi se-vortex singaphansi kokugqoka kokuguguleka, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zokuphila.
Enye indlela elandelayo enengqondo ukusebenzisa isikrini sokulawula isihlabathi se-2D esinobubanzi be-slot obuchaziwe.Ubukhulu be-Particle nokusabalalisa kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa izikrini zokuhlunga okuqinile ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile noma okungajwayelekile, kodwa kungase kungaziwa.Okuqinile kungase kuvele endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kodwa kungase kuhluke kusukela esithendeni kuya esithendeni;okunye, isikrini singase sidinge ukuhlunga isihlabathi kusuka ku-hydraulic fracturing.Kunoma yikuphi, izindleko zokuqoqwa kwezinto eziqinile, ukuhlaziya nokuhlola zingahle kakhulu.
Uma isikrini seshubhu se-2D singalungiselelwe kahle, imiphumela ingaphazamisa umnotho womthombo.Ukuvuleka kwesikrini sesihlabathi okuncane kakhulu kungabangela ukuxhunywa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuvala shaqa kanye nesidingo sokusebenza kokulungisa.Uma sikhulu kakhulu, sivumela okuqinile ukuthi kungene ngokukhululekile inqubo yokukhiqiza, engagqwala amapayipi kawoyela, ukulimaza amapayipi, ukuphahlazeka kwephampu kanye nokukhipha isihlabathi sokufakelwa kabusha. sal.Lesi simo sidinga isisombululo esilula, esingabizi kakhulu esinganweba impilo yepompo futhi simboze ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kosayizi besihlabathi.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, kwenziwa ucwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamavalvu okuhlanganisa nensimbi engenasici, engazweli ekusatshalalisweni kwezinto eziqinile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi insimbi engagqwali enezikhala ezinobukhulu obuguquguqukayo bembotshana kanye nesakhiwo se-3D singalawula ngempumelelo okuqinile kosayizi abahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokwazi ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto eziqinile. ukuhlunga.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwevalvu ebekwe phansi esikrinini kuvumela ukukhiqizwa ukuthi kuqhubeke kuze kukhishwe i-ESP.Kuvimbela i-ESP ukuthi ingalandwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isikrini sesiboshiwe.Umphumela wesikrini sokulawula isihlabathi sokungena kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-valve kuvikela ama-ESP, amaphampu okuphakamisa izinduku, nokuqedwa kokuphakanyiswa kwegesi okuvela ezintweni eziqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngokuhlanza ukugeleza koketshezi futhi inikeza isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu sokwelula impilo ye-Pump reserv.
Idizayini yokuvikela iphampu yesizukulwane sokuqala.Umhlangano wokuvikela iphampu osebenzisa izikrini zoboya zensimbi engagqwali wafakwa endaweni edonsa amanzi esizwa isitimu kahle eNtshonalanga Canada ukuze kuvikelwe i-ESP ezintweni eziqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Izikrini zihlunga okuqinile okuyingozi kuketshezi lokukhiqiza lapho kungena entanjeni yokukhiqiza.Ngaphakathi kwentambo yokukhiqiza, uketshezi olugeleza luye endaweni yokungena ye-ESP, lapho lumpontshelwa khona ukuya endaweni yokukhiqiza kanye ne-ESP ukuze kuhlinzekwe i-zone yokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlinzeka indawo yokukhiqiza ye-isocker. umthombo ongaphezulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sokukhiqiza, isikhala se-annular phakathi kwesikrini ne-casing sivame ukugoqa ngesihlabathi, okwandisa ukumelana nokugeleza.Ekugcineni, ibhuloho le-annulus livala ngokuphelele, limise ukugeleza, futhi lidale umehluko wengcindezi phakathi komthombo kanye nentambo yokukhiqiza, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.Kuleli phuzu, uketshezi ngeke lusakwazi ukugeleza ku-ESP futhi intambo yokuqedela kufanele idonswe.Kuye ngenani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziqinile, ubude besikhathi obudingekayo ukuze kumiswe ukugeleza ngebhuloho lezinto eziqinile esikrinini kungase kube ngaphansi kobude besikhathi obungavumela i-ESP ukuthi impompe uketshezi olugcwele okugcwele isikhathi phakathi kokuhluleka ukuya phansi, ukuze kwakhiwe isizukulwane sesibili sezingxenye.
Umhlangano wesizukulwane sesibili sokuvikela iphampu.Isikrini sokulawula isihlabathi se-PumpGuard* kanye nesistimu yokuhlanganisa i-valve imisiwe ngaphansi kwepompo ye-REDA* ku-Figure 4, isibonelo sokuqedwa kwe-ESP okungajwayelekile.Uma umthombo usukhiqiza, isikrini sihlunga okuqinile ekukhiqizeni, kodwa sizoqala ukugoqa kancane kancane ngesihlabathi bese senza umehluko wokucindezela.Lapho le valve yokuhlukanisa ivula i-valve evulekile, ivumela ukugeleza kwe-valve ukugeleza ngokuqondile ku-valve evulekile, i-valve evulekile igeleza i-valve evulekile. intambo eya ku-ESP.Lokhu kugeleza kulinganisa umehluko wengcindezi esikrinini sonke, kuxegise ukubamba kwezikhwama zesihlabathi ngaphandle kwesikrini.Isihlabathi sikhululekile ukuphuma ku-annulus, enciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza esikrinini futhi sivumele ukugeleza ukuthi kuqale futhi.Njengoba ingcindezi yokuhluka kwehla, ivalvu ibuyela endaweni yayo evaliwe kanye nezimo zokugeleza ezijwayelekile ziqala kabusha. kulesi sihloko bonisa ukuthi uhlelo luyakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu impilo yepompo uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqedwa kokuhlola kuphela.
Ekufakweni kwakamuva, kwethulwe isixazululo esiqhutshwa yizindleko ukuze kuhlukaniswe indawo phakathi kwe-stainless steel mesh kanye ne-ESP.A ebheke phansi efaka inkomishi ipakisha ifakwe ngenhla kwesigaba sesikrini. Ngaphezulu kwesipakishi senkomishi, ukubhobozwa kweshubhu okungeziwe kunikeza indlela yokugeleza ukuze uketshezi olukhiqiziwe lufuduke lusuka ngaphakathi kwesikrini luye endaweni eyi-annular ngenhla kwesipakishi, lapho uketshezi olungena ku-ESP lungangena khona ku-ESP.
Isihlungi se-stainless steel mesh esikhethelwe lesi sixazululo sinikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ze-2D mesh ezisekelwe ku-gap.Izihlungi ze-2D zithembele ngokuyinhloko ezinhlayiyeni ezithatha izikhala zokuhlunga noma izikhala zokwakha amasaka esihlabathi futhi zinikeze ukulawulwa kwesihlabathi.Nokho, njengoba inani legebe elilodwa kuphela elingakhethwa esikrinini, isikrini siba bucayi kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zoketshezi olukhiqizwayo.
Ngokuphambene, umbhede onezikhala eziwugqinsi wezihlungi zensimbi engagqwali zensimbi engenasici uhlinzeka nge-porosity ephezulu (92%) nendawo egelezayo enkulu evulekile (40%) yoketshezi olukhiqizwayo lwe-wellbore. Isihlungi sakhiwe ngokucindezela inetha loboya bensimbi engagqwali futhi lilisonge ngokuqondile eduze kweshubhu elimaphakathi elinezimbobo, bese liyimboza ngaphakathi kwekhava yokuvikela enezimbobo ephakathi nendawo enqenqemeni yombhede we-angular onqenqemeni lwe-angular. umumo (osukela ku-15 µm kuya ku-600 µm) uvumela izinhlawulo ezingenabungozi ukuthi zigeleze ngendlela ye-3D ukuya eshubhuni emaphakathi ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezinkulu neziyingozi zibambeke phakathi kwenetha.Ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa kwesihlabathi ezibonelweni zalesi sieve kubonise ukuthi isihlungi sigcina ukungena okuphezulu ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi lukhiqizwa ngesihlungi esikhiqizwayo esikhiqiza lesi sihlungi esisodwa. Lesi sikrini soboya bensimbi engagqwali sathuthukiswa ngu-opharetha omkhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1980s ngokukhethekile ukuze kuqedwe isikrini esiziqukathe kuphela kumachibi avuselelwe isitimu futhi sinerekhodi elibanzi lokufakwa ngempumelelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwevalvu kuqukethe i-valve egcwele intwasahlobo evumela ukuthi igeleze ngendlela eyodwa kuyintambo yeshubhu isuka endaweni yokukhiqiza. Ngokulungisa i-coil spring preload ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kuzuzwe ingcindezi yokuqhekeka oyifunayo yohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, i-valve isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwe-stainless steel wire mesh ukuze inikeze umzila wokugeleza wesibili phakathi kwe-reservoir kanye ne-valve yensimbi ephakathi, i-valve yensimbi esebenza phakathi ne-ESP. ingcindezi ephansi yokuqhekeka kune-valve ephansi kakhulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlayiya zokwakheka zigcwalisa indawo ye-annular phakathi kwendawo yangaphandle yesikrini somhlangano wesivikeli sepompo kanye nodonga lwe-casing yokukhiqiza.Njengoba imbobo igcwala isihlabathi futhi izinhlayiya zihlanganisa, ukwehla kwengcindezi ku-sandbag kuyakhula.Lapho lokhu kwehla kokucindezela kufinyelela inani elimisiwe, i-valve ye-cone iyavula futhi ivumele ukugeleza ngokuqondile nge-pump inlet.Kuleso sigaba ipayipi le-sandthi elikwazi ukugeleza ngaphambili i-coteri ikwazi ukugeleza i-exterior yesihlabathi ngaphambili. isihlungi.Ngenxa yokwehluka kwengcindezi encishisiwe, ukugeleza kuzophinda kuqalise esikrinini futhi i-valve yokungena izovala.Ngakho-ke, iphampu ingabona kuphela ukugeleza ngokuqondile kusuka ku-valve isikhathi esifushane.Lokhu kwandisa impilo yepompo, njengoba ukugeleza okuningi kuwuketshezi oluhlungiwe ngesikrini sesihlabathi.
Uhlelo lokuvikela iphampu lwalusetshenziswa nabapakishi emithonjeni emithathu ehlukene e-Delaware Basin e-United States.Umgomo oyinhloko ukunciphisa inani le-ESP eqalayo nokuma ngenxa yokugcwala okuhlobene nesihlabathi nokwandisa ukutholakala kwe-ESP ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa.Isistimu yokuvikela iphampu imisiwe kusukela ekugcineni okuphansi kwentambo ye-ESP.Imiphumela yomthombo we-oyela wequla elinciphile ikhombisa ukuqina kwesistimu yephampu kawoyela kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuvikela. , isikhathi sokuphumula esihlobene nesihlabathi nezinto eziqinile sehliswe ngo-75% futhi ukuphila kwepompo kwenyuke ngaphezu kwama-22%.
Umthombo.Isistimu ye-ESP yafakwa emthonjeni omusha wokumba nokuqhekeka e-Martin County, eTexas.Ingxenye eqondile yomthombo cishe ingamamitha angu-9,000 futhi ingxenye evundlile inweba ifike kumamitha angu-12,000, ukujula okulinganiselwe (MD).Ekuqedeni okubili kokuqala, i-downhole vortex yesihlabathi se-separator uhlelo olufakwe njengengxenye yokufakwa kwe-ESPral efanayo yafakwa njengengxenye yokufakwa kwe-ESPral efanayo. yesihlukanisi sesihlabathi, ukuziphatha okungazinzile kwemingcele yokusebenza kwe-ESP (ukuqina kwamanje nokudlidliza) kwabonwa.Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlakazwa kweyunithi ye-ESP edonsiwe kwembula ukuthi umhlangano wesihlukanisi segesi ye-vortex wawuvalwe ngendaba yangaphandle, okwanqunywa ukuba isihlabathi ngoba ayinawo uzibuthe futhi ayisabelani ngamakhemikhali ne-asidi.
Ekufakweni kwe-ESP yesithathu, i-stainless steel wire mesh ithathe indawo yesihlukanisi sesihlabathi njengendlela yokulawula isihlabathi se-ESP. Ngemva kokufaka uhlelo olusha lokuvikela iphampu, i-ESP yabonisa ukuziphatha okuzinzile, okunciphisa ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwamanje kwezimoto ukusuka ku-~19 A ukuze kufakwe #2 kuya ku-~6.3 A ukuze kufakwe #3.Ukudlidliza kuzinzile kakhudlwana ngokuncipha ngokwehla ngo-7% futhi ukuthambekela kuncishiswe kakhulu ngokwehla kuya ku-7%. futhi ithole i-psi eyengeziwe engu-100 yokwehla kwengcindezi. Ukuvalwa kokulayisha ngokweqile kwe-ESP kuncipha ngo-100% futhi i-ESP isebenza ngokudlidliza okuphansi.
Well B. Komunye umthombo eduze kwase-Eunice, eNew Mexico, omunye umthombo ongajwayelekile wawune-ESP efakiwe kodwa akukho ukuvikelwa kwepompo.Ngemva kokuwa kwebhuthi yokuqala, i-ESP yaqala ukubonisa ukuziphatha okungalungile.Ukushintshashintshashintsha kwamanje kanye nokucindezela kuhlotshaniswa nama-vibration spikes.Ngemva kokugcina lezi zimo izinsuku eziyi-137, i-ESP yehlulekile futhi enye indawo yafakwa. i-ESP yayisebenza ngokujwayelekile, ine-amperage ezinzile kanye nokudlidliza okuncane.Ngesikhathi sokushicilela, ukusebenza kwesibili kwe-ESP kwase kufinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-300 zokusebenza, ukuthuthuka okukhulu kunokufakwa kwangaphambilini.
Well C.Ukufakwa kwesistimu endaweni yesithathu kwakuseMentone, eTexas, yinkampani ekhethekile kawoyela negesi eye yabhekana nokucisha kanye nokwehluleka kwe-ESP ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi futhi yayifuna ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokumpompa. Abasebenza ngokujwayelekile basebenzisa izihlukanisi zesihlabathi se-downhole ezine-liner ku-ESP ngayinye kahle. ngemva kokusebenzisa uhlelo olusha ngesivikeli sepompo, i-ESP inempilo yokusebenza ende engu-22% enokwehla kokucindezela okuzinzile kanye nesikhathi esingcono esihlobene ne-ESP.
Isibalo sokuvalwa okuhlobene nesihlabathi nokuqinile ngesikhathi sokusebenza sehle ngo-75%, sisuka ezenzakalweni zokulayishwa ngokweqile ezingu-8 ekufakweni kokuqala kuya kwemibili ekufakweni kwesibili, kanye nenani lokuqalisa kabusha okuyimpumelelo ngemva kokuvalwa kokulayishwa ngokweqile likhuphuke ngo-30%, lisuka ku-8 ekufakweni kokuqala.Ingqikithi yemicimbi ye-12, yengqikithi yemicimbi ye-8, yenziwa ekufakweni kwesibili, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kukagesi kumishini nokwandisa impilo yokusebenza kwe-ESP.
Umfanekiso we-5 ubonisa ukwanda okungazelelwe kwesignesha yokucindezela kokungena (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) lapho i-mesh yensimbi engagqwali ivinjiwe futhi umhlangano we-valve uvuliwe.Lesi siginesha sokucindezela singase sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngokubikezela ukwehluleka kwe-ESP okuhlobene nesihlabathi, ngakho-ke imisebenzi yokubuyisela nge-workover rigs ingahlelwa.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, “Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola kweshubhu le-swirl njengedivayisi ye-downhole desander,” i-SPE Paper 94673-MS, eyethulwa ku-SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, e-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Juni 20 - February 23, 2005.https://doi.4673-0
Lesi sihloko siqukethe izinto ezivela ephepheni le-SPE 207926-MS, elethulwa e-Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference e-Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 November 2021.
Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingaphansi kwemithetho ye-copyright ephoqelelwe ngokuqinile, sicela ufunde Imigomo Nemibandela yethu, Inqubomgomo Yamakhukhi kanye Nenqubomgomo Yemfihlo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli sayithi.