Izingxenye zokuvikela amaphampu ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi zivikela amaphampu esihlabathini futhi zandise ukuphila kokusebenza kwe-ESPs emithonjeni engajwayelekile.Lesi sixazululo silawula ukugeleza kwesanti se-frac nezinye izinto eziqinile ezingabangela ukulayisha ngokweqile nokunciphisa isikhathi.Ubuchwepheshe obuvumelayo buqeda izinkinga ezihlobene nokungaqiniseki kokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana.
Njengoba imithombo kawoyela eyengeziwe ithembele kuma-ESP, ukwelula ukuphila kwezinhlelo zokupompa ugesi ezingaphansi kwamanzi (ESP) kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.Impilo yokusebenza nokusebenza kwamaphampu okuphakamisa okwenziwa azwela kuqinile emanzini akhiqizwayo.Impilo yokusebenza nokusebenza kwe-ESP kwehle kakhulu ngokwanda kwezinhlayiya eziqinile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziqinile zandisa isikhathi sokuphumula somthombo kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza edingekayo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imvamisa ye-ESP.
Izinhlayiya eziqinile ezivame ukugeleza kumaphampu okuphakamisa okwenziwa ahlanganisa isihlabathi sokwakheka, iziphehli ze-hydraulic fracturing, usimende, nezinhlayiya zensimbi egugulekile noma egqwalile.Ubuchwepheshe be-Downhole obuklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa okuqinile busukela eziphephweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuye kwezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-3D stainless steel mesh. futhi zisetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela amaphampu ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Nokho, imithombo engajwayelekile ingaphansi kokugeleza kwe-slug okuphakathi, okuholela kubuchwepheshe obukhona be-downhole vortex separator kuphela ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zezikrini zokulawula isihlabathi ezihlanganisiwe kanye nama-downhole vortex desanders kuye kwahlongozwa ukuze kuvikelwe ama-ESPs.Nokho, kukhona izikhala ekuvikelekeni nasekukhiqizeni ukusebenza kwawo wonke amaphampu ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokusabalalisa usayizi kanye nevolumu yezinto eziqinile ezikhiqizwa umthombo ngamunye. okunomthelela omubi kwezomnotho kahle.Ukujula kokusetha okujulile kukhethwa emithonjeni engajwayelekile.Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamahange ama-de-sanders namahange odaka lwamapulaki abesilisa ukuze kumiswe ukuhlanganiswa okude, okuqinile kokulawula isihlabathi ezigabeni ze-casing ezinobukhulu obuphezulu be-dogleg ekhawulelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ESP MTBF.Ukubola kweshubhu elingaphakathi kungenye ingxenye engazange igwenywe lo mklamo.
Ababhali bephepha lango-2005 bethule imiphumela yokuhlola yesihlukanisi sesihlabathi se-downhole esekelwe kushubhu ye-cyclone (Umfanekiso 1), obekuncike esenzweni sesiphepho namandla adonsela phansi, ukukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kuncike ku-viscosity yamafutha, izinga lokugeleza, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana .Babonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwesihlukanisi kuncike kakhulu ekuncipheni kokugeleza kwezinhlayiyana ze-terminal, izinga lokugeleza kwezinhlayiya ezincishisiwe. kuncipha usayizi wezinhlayiyana eziqinile, nokwandisa i-viscosity kawoyela, Umfanekiso 2.Ngokwehlukanisi esivamile se-cyclone tube downhole, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kwehla ku- ~ 10% njengoba usayizi wezinhlayiyana wehlela ku-~100 µm. Ukwengeza, njengoba izinga lokugeleza landa, isihlukanisi se-vortex singaphansi kokugqoka kokuguguleka, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zokuphila.
Enye indlela elandelayo enengqondo ukusebenzisa isikrini sokulawula isihlabathi se-2D esinobubanzi be-slot obuchaziwe.Ubukhulu be-Particle nokusabalalisa kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa izikrini zokuhlunga okuqinile ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile noma okungajwayelekile, kodwa kungase kungaziwa.Okuqinile kungase kuvele endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kodwa kungase kuhluke kusukela esithendeni kuya esithendeni; okunye, isikrini singase sidinge ukuhlunga isihlabathi kusuka ku-hydraulic fracturing.Kunoma yikuphi, izindleko zokuqoqwa kwezinto eziqinile, ukuhlaziya nokuhlola zingahle kakhulu.
Uma isikrini seshubhu se-2D singalungiselelwe kahle, imiphumela ingase iphazamise umnotho womthombo.Ukuvuleka kwesikrini sesihlabathi okuncane kakhulu kungabangela ukuxhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuvala shaqa kanye nesidingo sokusebenza okulungisiwe.Uma sikhulu kakhulu, sivumela okuqinile ukuthi kungene ngokukhululekile inqubo yokukhiqiza, engagqwala amapayipi kawoyela, ukulimaza amapayipi okukhipha, ukuguquguquka kokukhipha okungaphezulu kwephampu, ukuguquguquka okungaphezulu kwephampu. i-sandblasting and disposal.Lesi simo sidinga isisombululo esilula, esingabizi kakhulu esinganweba impilo yepompo futhi simboze ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kosayizi besihlabathi.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, kwenziwa ucwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-valve okuhlanganisa inhlanganisela nensimbi engagqwali ene-wire mesh, engezwani nomphumela wokusatshalaliswa kwezinto eziqinile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi insimbi engagqwali enezikhala ezinobukhulu obuguquguqukayo bembotshana kanye nesakhiwo se-3D singalawula ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokwazi ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana eziqinile ngaphandle kokulawula insimbi engenasici ngaphandle kwe-3D ephumelelayo yokulawula usayizi we-sandless mesh. isidingo sokuhlunga kwesibili okwengeziwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwevalvu ebekwe phansi esikrinini kuvumela ukukhiqizwa ukuthi kuqhubeke kuze kukhishwe i-ESP.Kuvimbela i-ESP ukuthi ingatholwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isikrini sesiboshiwe.Umphumela wesikrini sokulawula isihlabathi sokungena kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-valve kuvikela ama-ESP, amaphampu okuphakamisa izinduku, nokuqedwa kokuphakanyiswa kwegesi kusuka ezintweni eziqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngokuhlanza ukugeleza koketshezi futhi inikeza isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu sokwelula impilo ye-Pump reserv.
Idizayini yokuvikela iphampu yesizukulwane sokuqala.Umhlangano wokuvikela iphampu usebenzisa izikrini zoboya zensimbi engagqwali wafakwa endaweni edonsa amanzi esiza isitimu kahle eNtshonalanga Canada ukuze kuvikelwe i-ESP ezintweni eziqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Izikrini zihlunga okuqinile okuyingozi kuketshezi lokukhiqiza lapho kungena entanjeni yokukhiqiza.Ngaphakathi kwentambo yokukhiqiza, uketshezi lugeleza ku-inlet ye-ESP, lapho luphonswa khona ukusetshenzwa kwesikrini ku-ESP ukuze kuhlinzekwe indawo engaphezulu. indawo yokukhiqiza kanye nomthombo ongaphezulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sokukhiqiza, isikhala se-annular phakathi kwesikrini ne-casing sivame ukugoqa ngesihlabathi, okwandisa ukumelana nokugeleza.Ekugcineni, ibhuloho le-annulus livala ngokuphelele, limise ukugeleza, futhi lidale umehluko wengcindezi phakathi komthombo kanye nentambo yokukhiqiza, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.Kuleli phuzu, uketshezi ngeke lusakwazi ukugeleza ku-ESP futhi intambo yokuqedela kufanele idonswe. Kuye ngenani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziqinile, ubude besikhathi obudingekayo ukuze kumiswe ukugeleza ngebhuloho lezinto eziqinile esikrinini kungase kube ngaphansi kobude besikhathi obungavumela i-ESP ukuthi impompe uketshezi olugcwele okugcwele isikhathi phakathi kokuhluleka ukuya phansi, ukuze kwakhiwe isizukulwane sesibili sezingxenye.
Umhlangano wesizukulwane sesibili sokuvikela iphampu.I-PumpGuard* isikrini sokulawula isihlabathi sokungenisa inlet kanye nesistimu yokuhlanganisa i-valve imisiwe ngaphansi kwepompo ye-REDA* ku-Figure 4, isibonelo sokuqedwa kwe-ESP okungajwayelekile.Uma umthombo usukhiqiza, isikrini sihlunga okuqinile ekukhiqizeni, kodwa sizoqala ukugoqa kancane kancane ngesihlabathi bese senza umehluko wengcindezi.Lapho le valve yokuhlukana ivumela ukugeleza kwe-valve ukugeleza ngokuqondile, i-valve evulekile igeleza ngokuqondile ku-valve. intambo yeshubhu eya ku-ESP.Lokhu kugeleza kulinganisa umehluko wengcindezi esikrinini sonke, kuxegise ukubamba kwezikhwama zesihlabathi ngaphandle kwesikrini.Isihlabathi sikhululekile ukugqashuka ku-annulus, enciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza esikrinini futhi sivumele ukugeleza kuqale futhi.Njengoba ukucindezela kokwahlukana kwehla, ivalvu ibuyela endaweni yayo evaliwe futhi izimo zokugeleza ezijwayelekile iphinde ikhiphe i-ESP ukuze iphinde ikhiphe umjikelezo. ukusevisa.Izifundo zecala eziqokonyiswe kulesi sihloko zibonisa ukuthi isistimu iyakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu impilo yepompo uma iqhathaniswa nokuqedwa kokuhlola kuphela.
Ekufakweni kwakamuva, kwethulwe isixazululo esiqhutshwa yizindleko ukuze kuhlukaniswe indawo phakathi kwe-stainless steel mesh kanye ne-ESP.A ebheke phansi efaka inkomishi ipakisha ifakwe ngenhla kwesigaba sesikrini. Ngaphezulu kwesipakishi senkomishi, ukubhobozwa kweshubhu okungeziwe kunikeza indlela yokugeleza ukuze uketshezi olukhiqiziwe lufuduke lusuka ngaphakathi kwesikrini luye endaweni eyi-annular ngenhla kwesipakishi, lapho uketshezi olungena ku-ESP lungangena khona ku-ESP.
Isihlungi se-stainless steel mesh esikhethelwe lesi sixazululo sinikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ze-2D mesh ezisekelwe ku-gap.Izihlungi ze-2D zithembele ngokuyinhloko ezinhlayiyeni ezithatha izikhala zokuhlunga noma izikhala zokwakha amasaka esihlabathi futhi zinikeze ukulawulwa kwesihlabathi.Nokho, njengoba inani legebe elilodwa kuphela elingakhethwa esikrinini, isikrini siba bucayi kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zoketshezi olukhiqizwayo.
Ngokuphambene, umbhede onezikhala eziwugqinsi wezihlungi zensimbi engagqwali zensimbi engenasici uhlinzeka nge-porosity ephezulu (92%) kanye nendawo egelezayo enkulu evulekile (40%) yoketshezi olukhiqiziwe lwe-wellbore.Isihlungi sakhiwe ngokucindezela inetha loboya bensimbi engagqwali futhi lilisonge ngokuqondile eduze kweshubhu elimaphakathi elinezimbobo, bese lisimboza ngaphakathi kwekhava eyisivikelo enezimbobo enembobo embozwe maphakathi nombhede oshiselwe emaphethelweni ombhede ngamunye. ukuma kwe-angular okungajwayelekile (kusuka ku-15 µm kuye ku-600 µm) kuvumela izinhlawulo ezingenabungozi ukuthi zigeleze ngendlela ye-3D ukuya eshubhuni emaphakathi ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezinkulu neziyingozi zivaleleke ngaphakathi kwe-mesh. Ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa kwesihlabathi ezibonelweni zalesi sieve kubonise ukuthi isihlungi sigcina ukungena okuphezulu ngenxa yokuthi isihlungi se-siefect siyakwazi ukukhiqizwa ngesihlungi esisodwa. ukusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zoketshezi olukhiqiziwe okuhlangatshezwane nazo.Lesi sikrini soboya bensimbi engagqwali sathuthukiswa u-opharetha omkhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1980s ngokukhethekile ukuze kuqedwe isikrini esiziqukathe ngokwaso kumadamu avuselelwe umusi futhi sinerekhodi elibanzi lokufakwa ngempumelelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-valve kuqukethe i-valve elayishwe intwasahlobo evumela ukuthi igeleze ngendlela eyodwa kuyintambo yeshubhu isuka endaweni yokukhiqiza. Ngokulungisa i-coil spring preload ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kuzuzwe ingcindezi yokuqhekeka oyifunayo yohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, i-valve isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwe-stainless steel wire mesh ukuze inikeze umzila wokugeleza wesibili phakathi kwe-reservoir kanye namakesi ensimbi angenabala, i-ESP yensimbi isebenze. nevalvu ephakathi enengcindezi ephansi yokuqhekeka kunevalve ephansi kakhulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlayiya zokwakheka zigcwalisa indawo ye-annular phakathi kwendawo yangaphandle yesikrini somhlangano wesivikeli sepompo kanye nodonga lwe-casing yokukhiqiza. Njengoba umgodi ugcwala isihlabathi futhi izinhlayiya zihlanganisa, ukwehla kwengcindezi ku-sandbag kuyanda.Lapho lokhu kwehla kokucindezela kufinyelela inani elimisiwe, i-valve ye-cone iyavula futhi ivumele ukugeleza ngokuqondile nge-pump inlet. ingaphandle lesihlungi sesikrini.Ngenxa yokwehluka kwengcindezi encishisiwe, ukugeleza kuzophinda kuqalise ngesikrini futhi i-valve yokungena izovala.Ngakho-ke, iphampu ingabona kuphela ukugeleza ngokuqondile kusuka ku-valve isikhathi esifushane.Lokhu kwandisa impilo yepompo, njengoba ukugeleza okuningi kuwuketshezi oluhlungiwe ngesikrini sesihlabathi.
Uhlelo lokuvikela iphampu lwalusetshenziswa nabapakishi emithonjeni emithathu ehlukene e-Delaware Basin e-United States.Umgomo oyinhloko ukunciphisa inani le-ESP eqalayo nokuma ngenxa yokugcwala okuhlobene nesihlabathi nokwandisa ukutholakala kwe-ESP ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa.Isistimu yokuvikela iphampu imisiwe ekupheleni kwentambo ye-ESP.Imiphumela yomthombo kawoyela womthombo ophansi ikhombisa ukuzinza kwephampu nobuchwepheshe bamanje bokuvikela. ukufaka uhlelo olusha, isikhathi sokuphumula esihlobene nesihlabathi kanye nezinto eziqinile sehliswe ngama-75% kanti ukuphila kwephampu kukhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-22%.
Umthombo.Isistimu ye-ESP yafakwa emthonjeni omusha wokumba nokuqhekeka e-Martin County, eTexas.Ingxenye eqondile yomthombo icishe ibe ngamafidi angu-9,000 futhi ingxenye evundlile inweba ifike kumamitha angu-12,000, ukujula okulinganiselwe (MD).Ekuqedeni okubili kokuqala, isistimu yokuhlukanisa isihlabathi se-downhole vortex enezingxenye eziyisithupha zokuhlanganisa i-ESPral yafakwa njengengxenye yokuhlanganiswa kwe-ESPral okubili. ukufakwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo olufanayo lwesihlukanisi sesihlabathi, ukuziphatha okungazinzile kwemingcele yokusebenza kwe-ESP (ukuqina kwamanje nokudlidliza) kwabonwa.Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlakazwa kweyunithi ye-ESP edonsiwe kwembula ukuthi umhlangano wesihlukanisi segesi se-vortex wawuvalwe ngendaba yangaphandle, okwanqunywa ukuthi iyisihlabathi ngoba ayinawo uzibuthe futhi ayiphenduli ngamakhemikhali nge-asidi.
Ekufakweni kwe-ESP yesithathu, i-stainless steel wire mesh yathatha indawo yesihlukanisi sesihlabathi njengendlela yokulawula isihlabathi se-ESP. Ngemva kokufaka uhlelo olusha lokuvikela iphampu, i-ESP yabonisa ukuziphatha okuzinzile, kwehlisa ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwamanje kwezimoto ukusuka ku-~19 A ukuze kufakwe #2 kuya ku-~6.3 A ukuze kufakwe #3.Ukudlidliza kuzinzile kakhudlwana futhi ingcindezi iyancipha ngo-75%. uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwangaphambilini futhi kwazuza i-psi eyengeziwe engu-100 yokwehla kwengcindezi.Ukuvalwa kokulayisha ngokweqile kwe-ESP kwehliswa ngo-100% futhi i-ESP isebenza ngokudlidliza okuphansi.
Well B. Kwelinye umthombo eduze kwase-Eunice, eNew Mexico, omunye umthombo ongajwayelekile wawune-ESP efakiwe kodwa wawungenalo ukuvikelwa kwepompo.Ngemva kokuwa kokuqala kwebhuthi, i-ESP yaqala ukubonisa ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo.Ukushintshashintshashintsha kwamanje nokucindezela kuhlotshaniswa nama-vibration spikes.Ngemva kokugcina lezi zimo izinsuku ezingu-137, i-ESP yehlulekile futhi enye indawo yafakwa. yaqala kabusha ukukhiqiza, i-ESP yayisebenza ngokujwayelekile, ine-amperage ezinzile kanye nokudlidliza okuncane.Ngesikhathi sokushicilela, ukusebenza kwesibili kwe-ESP kwase kufinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-300 zokusebenza, ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kunokufakwa kwangaphambilini.
Well C.Ukufakwa kwesistimu endaweni yesithathu kwakuseMentone, eTexas, yinkampani ekhethekile kawoyela negesi eye yabhekana nokucisha kanye nokwehluleka kwe-ESP ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi futhi yayifuna ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokupompa.Abasebenza ngokujwayelekile basebenzisa izihlukanisi zesihlabathi esine-downhole nge-liner ku-ESP ngayinye kahle. ukulahlekelwa kokuphakanyiswa.Ngemva kokusebenzisa uhlelo olusha ngesivikeli sepompo, i-ESP inokuphila okude okungama-22% okunokwehla kwengcindezi okuzinzile kanye nesikhathi esingcono esihlobene ne-ESP.
Isibalo sokuvalwa okuhlobene nesihlabathi nokuqinile ngesikhathi sokusebenza sehle ngo-75%, sisuka ezenzakalweni zokulayishwa ngokweqile ezingu-8 ekufakweni kokuqala kuya kwemibili ekufakweni kwesibili, kanye nenani lokuqalisa kabusha okuyimpumelelo ngemva kokuvalwa kokulayishwa ngokweqile likhuphuke ngo-30%, lisuka ku-8 ekufakweni kokuqala. Ingqikithi yemicimbi ye-12, yengqikithi yemicimbi ye-8, yenziwa ekufakweni kwesibili, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kukagesi kumishini nokwandisa impilo yokusebenza kwe-ESP.
Umfanekiso we-5 ubonisa ukwanda okungazelelwe kwesignesha yokucindezela kokungena (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) lapho i-mesh yensimbi engagqwali ivinjiwe futhi umhlangano we-valve uvuliwe.Lesi siginesha sokucindezela singase sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngokubikezela ukwehluleka kwe-ESP okuhlobene nesihlabathi, ngakho-ke imisebenzi yokubuyisela nge-workover rigs ingahlelwa.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, “Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola kweshubhu le-swirl njengedivayisi ye-downhole desander,” i-SPE Paper 94673-MS, eyethulwa ku-SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, e-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Juni 20 - February 23, 2005.https://doi.4673-0
Lesi sihloko siqukethe izinto ezivela ephepheni le-SPE 207926-MS, elethulwa e-Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference e-Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 November 2021.
Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingaphansi kwemithetho ye-copyright ephoqelelwe ngokuqinile, sicela ufunde Imigomo Nemibandela yethu, Inqubomgomo Yamakhukhi kanye Nenqubomgomo Yemfihlo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli sayithi.