Imephu yomgwaqo yokugaya nokuqedela insimbi engagqwali

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle, ochwepheshe bahlanza ngama-electrochemical amashiseli e-longitudinal ezingxenyeni ezigoqiwe zensimbi engagqwali.Isithombe sihlonishwa yi-Walter Surface Technologies
Cabanga nje umakhi engena enkontilekeni ehilela ukwenziwa kwensimbi engagqwali okubalulekile.Izingxenye zeshidi lensimbi neshubhu ziyasikwa, ziyagotshwa futhi zishiselwe ngaphambi kokufika esiteshini sokuqedela.Ingxenye iqukethe amapuleti ashiselwe abheke phezulu eshubhuni.Ama-welds abukeka emuhle, kodwa akuyona imali efanelekile ikhasimende eliyifunayo.Ngenxa yalokho, i-grinder yensimbi yavela isikhathi esiningi kunesivamile. ubuso - isibonakaliso esicacile sokufaka ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu.Kulokhu, kusho ukuthi ingxenye ngeke ihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende.
Imvamisa kwenziwa ngesandla, ukugaya nokuqeda kudinga ubuhlakani nekhono.Izinkinga zokuqeda zingabiza kakhulu, zinikezwe zonke izindleko ezinikezwe ama-conformation kanye nokuhluleka ukuguquguquka kwezehlakalo, i-mishap yensimbi engabi nalutho ingaphenduka ibe yi-mishap elahlekile noma idumo.
Ngabe abakhiqizi bakuvimba kanjani konke lokhu? Bangaqala ngokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo lokugaya nokuqeda, baqonde indima ngayinye abayidlalayo kanye nendlela ezithinta ngayo izingcezu zensimbi engagqwali.
Awawona amagama amqondofana.Eqinisweni, wonke umuntu unomgomo ohluke kakhulu.Ukugaya kususa izinto ezinjengama-burrs nensimbi eshiselwe ngokweqile, kuyilapho ukuqeda kunikeza isiphetho endaweni yensimbi.Ukudideka kuyaqondakala, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi labo abagaya ngamasondo amakhulu okugaya bakhipha insimbi eningi ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ukwenza kanjalo kungashiya imihuzuko ejulile kakhulu.umgomo uwukukhipha impahla ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngezinsimbi ezizwela ukushisa njengensimbi engagqwali.
Ukuqeda kwenziwa ngezinyathelo, njengoba opharetha eqala ngensika enkulu futhi eqhubekela emasondweni okugaya kakhudlwana, ama-abrasives angalukiwe, futhi mhlawumbe indwangu ezwakele kanye nokunamathiswa kokupholisha ukuze kufinyelelwe isiphetho sesibuko.Umgomo uwukufinyelela isiphetho esithile sokugcina (iphethini yokuklwebha).Isinyathelo ngasinye (igrit ecolekileyo) isusa imihuzuko ejulile kusuka esinyathelweni esincane futhi ibuyisela imihuzuko emincane.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukugaya nokuqeda kunemigomo ehlukene, ngokuvamile aziphelelisi futhi empeleni zingadlala ngokumelene zodwa uma kusetshenziswa isu elingalungile. Ukuze basuse insimbi yokushisela eyeqile, o-opharetha basebenzisa amasondo okugaya ukuze benze imihuzuko ejulile, bese benikeza ingxenye kumuntu ogqoka izingubo, manje okumele achithe isikhathi esiningi esusa le mihuzuko ejulile. hhayi izinqubo ezihambisanayo.
Izingxenye zokusebenza eziklanyelwe ukwenziwa ngokuvamile azidingi ukugaywa nokuqedwa.Izingxenye ezigayiwe zenza lokhu kuphela ngoba ukugaya kuyindlela eshesha kakhulu yokususa izinto ezishiselayo noma ezinye izinto futhi imihuzuko ejulile eshiywe yisondo lokugaya iyilokho kanye okufunwa yikhasimende.Izingxenye ezidinga ukuqedwa kuphela zakhiwe ngendlela engadingi isibonelo esinezinsimbi zensimbi ezingenasici ezidinga ukususwa kwensimbi enhle ngokweqile. kufanele ihlanganiswe futhi ifaniswe nephethini yokuqeda ye-substrate.
Izigayi ezinamasondo akhipha kancane zingaletha izinselele ezinkulu uma zisebenza ngensimbi engagqwali.Ngokufanayo, ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukubomvu nokushintsha izinto ezibonakalayo.Umgomo uwukugcina insimbi engagqwali ipholile ngangokunokwenzeka kuyo yonke inqubo.
Kulokhu, kusiza ukukhetha isondo lokugaya ngesilinganiso esisheshayo sokususa sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nesabelomali.Amasondo e-Zirconia agaya ngokushesha kune-alumina, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, amasondo e-ceramic asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Izinhlayiya ze-ceramic eziqine kakhulu nezibukhali zigqoka ngendlela eyingqayizivele.Njengoba zihlakazeka kancane kancane, azigayi phansi, kodwa zigcina unqenqema olucijile.Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingasusa izinto ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokuvamile engxenyeni yesikhathi samanye amasondo okugaya.Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenza amasondo okugaya nge-ceramic azuze imali.Afaneleka ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi engagqwali futhi akhiphe ukushisa okuncane futhi akhiphe ukushisa okuncane kakhulu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizi ukhetha liphi isondo lokugaya, ukungcola okungase kube khona kufanele kukhunjulwe.Abakhiqizi abaningi bayazi ukuthi abakwazi ukusebenzisa isondo elifanayo lokugaya ku-carbon steel nensimbi engagqwali.Abantu abaningi bahlukanisa ngokoqobo ukusebenza kwabo kokugaya kwekhabhoni nensimbi engagqwali.Ngisho nezinhlansi ezincane ze-carbon steel eziwela ezintweni zensimbi engagqwali zingabangela izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwekhemisi, imboni yezemithi kanye ne-nuclear. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasondo okugaya ensimbi engagqwali kumele acishe akhululeke (ngaphansi kuka-0.1%) ensimbi, isulfure ne-chlorine.
Amasondo okugaya awakwazi ukuzigaya;badinga ithuluzi lamandla.Noma ubani angakwazi ukuveza izinzuzo zamasondo okugaya noma amathuluzi kagesi, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi amathuluzi kagesi namasondo awo okugaya asebenza njengesistimu.Amasondo okugaya obumba aklanyelwe ama-angle grinders anenani elithile lamandla kanye ne-torque.Nakuba ezinye izigayi zomoya zinezincazelo ezidingekayo, amathuluzi amaningi okugaya amasondo e-ceramic kwenziwa ngamathuluzi kagesi e-ceramic.
Ama-grinders anamandla anganele kanye ne-torque angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ngisho nama-abrasives athuthuke kakhulu.Ukuntuleka kwamandla kanye ne-torque kungabangela ithuluzi ukuba linciphise kakhulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela izinhlayiya ze-ceramic esondweni lokugaya ukuba zenze lokho ezaklanyelwe ukukwenza: ukususa ngokushesha izingcezu ezinkulu zensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe inani lezinto ezishisayo ezingena esondo lokugaya.
Lokhu kwandisa umjikelezo ononya: Abahlinzeki bokugaya babona izinto ezingasuswa, ngakho ngokuzenzekelayo baphusha ngamandla, okubangela ukushisa okudlulele kanye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bagcina bephusha ngamandla baze bacwebezelise amasondo, okubenza basebenze kanzima futhi bakhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba babone ukuthi badinga ukushintsha amasondo.
Yiqiniso, uma opharetha bengaqeqeshwanga kahle, ngisho namathuluzi angcono kakhulu, lo mjikelezo ononya ungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekucindezelweni abakubeka ku-workpiece.Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu ukusondela ngangokunokwenzeka ekulinganiseni kwamanje okubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokugaya.Uma opharetha esebenzisa i-grinder engu-10 amp, kufanele acindezele kakhulu kangangokuthi umshini wokugaya udonsa cishe ama-amps angu-10.
Ukusebenzisa i-ammeter kungasiza ukulinganisa ukusebenza kokugaya uma umenzi ecubungula inani elikhulu lensimbi engabizi engagqwali ebizayo. Yiqiniso, imisebenzi embalwa empeleni esebenzisa i-ammeter njalo, ngakho ukubheja kwakho okuhle kuwukulalela ngokucophelela.Uma u-opharetha ezwa futhi ezwa i-RPM yehla ngokushesha, kungenzeka ukuthi uphusha kakhulu.
Ukulalela ukuthinta okulula kakhulu (okungukuthi ukucindezela okuncane kakhulu) kungaba nzima, ngakho-ke kulesi simo, ukunaka ukugeleza kwenhlansi kungasiza.Ukugaya insimbi engagqwali kuzokhiqiza izinhlansi ezimnyama kune-carbon steel, kodwa kufanele zisabonakala futhi ziphume endaweni yokusebenza ngendlela engaguquki.
Ama-opharetha nawo adinga ukugcina i-engeli yokusebenza engaguquki.Uma besondela kucezu lokusebenza nge-engeli eseduze ne-flat (ecishe ifane nendawo yokusebenza), bangabangela ukushisa okukhulu;uma besondela nge-engeli ephakeme kakhulu (cishe iqonde phezulu), bazifaka engozini yokumba unqenqema lwesondo ensimbi.Uma besebenzisa isondo lohlobo 27, kufanele basondele emsebenzini nge-engeli engama-degree angu-20 kuya kwangu-30. Uma benamasondo oHlobo lwe-29, i-angle yabo yokusebenza kufanele ibe ngama-degree angu-10.
Amasondo okugaya ohlobo lwama-28 (ama-tapered) ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukugaya ezindaweni eziyisicaba ukuze kususwe izinto ezindleleni ezibanzi zokugaya.Lawa masondo acijile asebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-engeli aphansi okugaya (cishe amadigri angu-5), ngakho asiza ukunciphisa ukukhathala komsebenzisi.
Lokhu kwethula esinye isici esibalulekile: ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesondo lokugaya.Isondo lohlobo lwama-27 linendawo yokuxhumana endaweni yensimbi;isondo loHlobo lwama-28 linomugqa wokuthintana ngenxa yesimo salo esiyindilinga;isondo lohlobo lwama-29 linendawo yokuxhumana.
Amasondo ohlobo lwama-27 ajwayeleke kakhulu angenza umsebenzi wenziwe ezinhlelweni eziningi, kodwa ukuma kwawo kwenza kube nzima ukuphatha izingxenye ezinamaphrofayili namajika ajulile, njengamashubhu ensimbi engagqwali ashiselwe. Ukuma kwephrofayela yesondo lohlobo 29 kwenza kube lula ku-opharetha okudingeka bagaye inhlanganisela yezindawo ezigobile neziyisicaba. i-nding endaweni ngayinye - isu elihle lokunciphisa ukwakheka kokushisa.
Eqinisweni, lokhu kusebenza kunoma yiliphi isondo lokugaya.Lapho ligaya, u-opharetha akumele ahlale endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside.Ake sithi u-opharetha ususa insimbi ku-fillet ngamamitha amaningana ubude.Angakwazi ukuqondisa isondo ngokunyakaza okufushane okuya phezulu naphansi, kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kungase kushise kakhulu ucezu lokusebenza ngoba ugcina isondo endaweni encane isikhathi eside. isikhathi sokupholisa i-workpiece) futhi unqamule ucezu lokusebenza ohlangothini olufanayo eduze kolunye uzwane.Amanye amasu ayasebenza, kodwa wonke anesici esisodwa afanayo: agwema ukushisa ngokweqile ngokugcina isondo lokugaya lihamba.
Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa "zamakhadi" nazo zisiza ukufeza lokhu.Ake sithi u-opharetha ugaya i-butt weld endaweni eyisicaba.Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo nokumba ngokweqile, wagwema ukusunduza i-grinder eduze kwejoyinti.Kunalokho, uqala ekugcineni bese edonsa umshini ohlangene.Lokhu futhi kuvimbela isondo ukuthi lingamba kakhulu ezintweni.
Yebo, noma iyiphi indlela yobuciko ingashisa kakhulu insimbi uma u-opharetha ehamba kancane kakhulu.Hamba kancane futhi u-opharetha uzoshisa kakhulu umsebenzi;hamba ngokushesha futhi ukugaya kungathatha isikhathi eside.Ukuthola i-feedrate sweet spot ngokuvamile kudinga ulwazi.Kodwa uma u-opharetha engawazi umsebenzi, angakwazi ukugaya izinsalela ukuze bathole "umuzwa" wezinga elifanele lokuphakelayo kwesiqephu sokusebenza esiseduze.
Isu lokuqeda lizungeza isimo esingaphezulu sempahla njengoba ifika futhi ishiya umnyango wokuqedela.Thola indawo yokuqala (isimo sobuso esitholiwe) kanye nendawo yokugcina (ukuqeda kuyadingeka), bese wenza uhlelo lokuthola indlela engcono kakhulu phakathi kwalawo maphuzu amabili.
Ngokuvamile indlela engcono kakhulu ayiqali nge-abrasive enolaka kakhulu.Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungenangqondo.Phela, kungani ungaqali ngesihlabathi esimahhadla ukuze uthole indawo emagebhugebhu bese udlulela esihlabathini esicolekile?Kungeke yini kube ukungasebenzi kahle ukuqala ngegrit ecolekile?
Akudingekile, lokhu futhi kuhlobene nemvelo yokugoqa.Njengoba isinyathelo ngasinye sifinyelela ensikeni encane, isibandisi sishintsha imihuzuko ejulile ngemihuzuko engashoni, emincane kakhulu. Uma siqala nge-sandpaper enamagrit angu-40 noma i-flip disk, zizoshiya ukuklwebheka okujulile ensimbi.Kungaba kuhle uma lezo zingxenye zivale;yingakho lezo zinsiza zokuqeda ama-grit angu-40 zikhona.Nokho, uma ikhasimende licela ukuqedwa kweNombolo 4 (i-directional brushed finish), imihuzuko ejulile edalwe i-abrasive engu-No. 40 izothatha isikhathi eside ukususa.Abagqoki noma behla ngosayizi abaningi begrit, noma bachithe isikhathi eside besebenzisa ama-abrasives ahlanjululwe kahle ukuze asuse ama-abrasives amancane kuphela kodwa awashintshile lawo ma-inets amakhulu kuphela. futhi yethula ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu endaweni yokusebenza.
Yebo, ukusebenzisa ama-grit abrasives ezindaweni ezimaholoholo kungase kuhambe kancane futhi, kuhlangene nezindlela ezingezinhle, kwethula ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu.Lapha kulapho i-flap disc ekabili-in-yodwa noma egxilile ingasiza.Lawa ma-disc ahlanganisa izindwangu ezilumayo ezihlanganiswe nezinto zokwelashwa ezingaphezulu.Avumela ngokuphumelelayo umgqoki ukuthi asebenzise ama-abrasives ukuze asuse impahla kuyilapho eshiya isiphetho esibushelelezi.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuqedeni kokugcina singase sihlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwama-nonwovens, okubonisa esinye isici esiyingqayizivele sokuqeda: inqubo isebenza kangcono ngamathuluzi wamandla aguquguqukayo.I-grinder ye-angle engakwesokudla egijima ku-10,000 RPM ingase isebenze nemidiya ethile yokugaya, kodwa izoncibilikisa ezinye izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe kahle.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaqedayo banciphisa isivinini sibe phakathi kuka-0 no-60 wokuqeda i-nonwovens ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-R000,000,000,000/00/00/0. kunjalo, isivinini esiqondile sincike ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenziseni.Isibonelo, izigubhu ezingalukiwe ngokuvamile zijikeleza phakathi kuka-3,000 no-4,000 RPM, kuyilapho amadiski okwelapha angaphezulu ngokuvamile ajikeleza phakathi kuka-4,000 no-6,000 RPM.
Ukuba namathuluzi afanele (izigayi zejubane eziguquguqukayo, imidiya yokuqedela ehlukene) kanye nokunquma inani eliphelele lezinyathelo ngokuyisisekelo kunikeza imephu eveza indlela engcono kakhulu phakathi kwezinto ezingenayo neziqediwe.Umzila oqondile uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokusebenza, kodwa abalungisi abanolwazi balandela le ndlela besebenzisa amasu okunquma afanayo.
Amarola angalukiwe aqedela indawo yensimbi engagqwali. Ukuze uqedele kahle nempilo esebenzisekayo, imidiya ehlukene yokuqedela isebenza ngama-RPM ahlukene.
Okokuqala, bathatha isikhathi sabo.Uma bebona ucezu oluncane lwensimbi engagqwali lushisa, bayayeka ukuqeda endaweni ethile futhi baqale kwenye.Noma bangase basebenze ezintweni zobuciko ezimbili ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.Basebenza kancane kwenye bese belandela kwenye, benikeza esinye isikhathi sokupholisa.
Lapho epholisha kuze kube sekugcineni kwesibuko, isipholishi singapholisha ngesigubhu sokupholisha noma idiski yokupholisha, ngendlela eqonde esinyathelweni sangaphambilini. Ukupholisha kwesihlabathi kugqamisa izindawo ezidinga ukuhlanganisa iphethini yokuklwebheka yangaphambilini, kodwa ngeke kwenze ubuso bufinyelele esibukweni sikaNo.
Ukuze bafinyelele isiphetho esifanele, abakhiqizi badinga ukunikeza abaqedile ngamathuluzi afanele, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi wangempela nemidiya, kanye namathuluzi okuxhumana, njengokusungula amasampula ajwayelekile ukuze anqume ukuthi isiphetho esithile kufanele sibukeke kanjani.Lawa masampuli (athunyelwe eduze komnyango wokuqedela, kumadokhumenti okuqeqesha, kanye nezincwadi zokuthengisa) asiza ukuthola wonke umuntu ekhasini elifanayo.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwamathuluzi (okuhlanganisa amathuluzi kagesi kanye nemidiya ehuquzelayo), i-geometry yezingxenye ezithile ingaletha izinselele ngisho nakubasebenzi abanolwazi oluningi emnyangweni wokuqeda.Yilapho amathuluzi ochwepheshe angasiza khona.
Ake sithi u-opharetha udinga ukuqedela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-tubular yensimbi engagqwali emincane enezindonga ezincane. Ukusebenzisa ama-flap discs noma ngisho nezigubhu kungabangela izinkinga, kubangele ukushisa ngokweqile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokudala indawo eyisicaba epayipini ngokwalo.Lapha, izihlabathi zamabhande eziklanyelwe amashubhu zingasiza.Ibhande lokuthutha ligoqa ingxenye enkulu yobubanzi bepayipi, lisakaze amaphuzu okuxhumana, lidinga ukuhambisa, nokwandisa isambatho sokushisa. hambisa endaweni ehlukile ukuze unciphise ukwakheka kokushisa okudlulele futhi ugweme ukwenza bluing.
Kuyafana nakwamanye amathuluzi okuqedela angochwepheshe. Cabanga ngesander yebhande lomunwe eliklanyelwe izikhala eziqinile. Umuntu oqedayo angase ayisebenzise ukulandela ukushisela kwe-fillet phakathi kwamabhodi amabili nge-engeli ebukhali. Esikhundleni sokuhambisa isander yebhande lomunwe libheke phezulu (okufana nokuxubha amazinyo), umdwebi ulihambisa ngokuvundlile ozwaneni olungaphezulu lwefillet ukuze umunwe uqine kakhulu, bese wenza umunwe uqine kakhulu, bese wenza umunwe uqine kakhulu.
Ukushisela, ukugaywa kanye nokuqedwa kwensimbi engagqwali kwethula enye inkinga: ukuqinisekisa ukudlula ngendlela efanele.Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu kuphazamiseka endaweni ebonakalayo, ingabe kukhona ukungcola okusele okungavimbela ungqimba lwe-chromium yensimbi engagqwali ukuthi yakheke ngokwemvelo phezu kwayo yonke indawo?Into yokugcina efunwa umkhiqizi ikhasimende elithukuthele elikhononda ngokugqwala noma ukugqwala.
Ukuhlanzwa kwe-electrochemical kungasiza ekususeni ukungcola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudlula okufanele, kodwa lokhu kuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe nini?Kuncike ekusetshenzisweni.Uma abakhiqizi benza insimbi engagqwali ehlanzekile ukuze bakhuthaze ukudlula okugcwele, ngokuvamile bakwenza lokho ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela.Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kusho ukuthi indawo yokuqedela ingase ithathe ukungcola okungaphezulu ku-workpiece futhi isakaze kwenye indawo.Nokho, kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi zingase zikhethe ukuhlanza okungenasici, umkhiqizi angase akhethe izinyathelo zokuhlola ezibucayi ukuze afake i-stampless. ishiya phansi ifektri.
Ake sithi umkhiqizi ushisela ingxenye ebalulekile yensimbi engagqwali embonini yenuzi.Umshini wokushisela igesi we-tungsten arc ubeka i-dime seam ebukeka iphelele.Kodwa futhi, lolu wuhlelo olubalulekile.Isisebenzi somnyango oqedayo sisebenzisa ibhulashi elixhunywe ohlelweni lokuhlanza i-electrochemical ukuhlanza indawo yokushisela.Ube esephanyeka uzwane lwe-weld esebenzisa uzwane olulukiwe kanye nebhulashi elingalukiwe elihlanganisa ngisho nebhulashi lokugcina. uhlelo lokuhlanza i-electrochemical.Ngemva kokuhlala usuku noma ezimbili, sebenzisa idivayisi yokuhlola ephathwayo ukuze uhlole ingxenye ukuthi iphasiswe kahle.Imiphumela, erekhodiwe futhi igcinwe nomsebenzi, yabonisa ukuthi ingxenye yayidlule ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba iphume efektri.
Ezimbonini eziningi ezikhiqizayo, ukugaywa, ukuqedwa nokuhlanzwa kwensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezansi nomfula.Eqinisweni, kuvamise ukubulawa ngaphambi nje kokuba umsebenzi uthunyelwe.
Izingxenye eziqediwe ngokungalungile zikhiqiza ezinye ze-scrap ezibiza kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kabusha, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi abakhiqizi baphinde babheke iminyango yabo yokugaya nokuqeda.Ukuthuthukiswa kokugaya nokuqeda kusiza ukunciphisa amabhodlela amakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, ukuqeda ubuhlungu bekhanda, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
I-FABRICATOR ingumagazini ohamba phambili eNyakatho Melika embonini yokwakhiwa kwensimbi.Lo magazini uhlinzeka ngezindaba, izihloko zezobuchwepheshe kanye nemilando yamacala eyenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngendlela egculisayo.I-FABRICATOR ibisebenzela imboni kusukela ngo-1970.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en EspaƱol, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-18-2022