Nakuba izindleko zangaphambili ze-heater yamanzi elanga zingase zibe phezulu kunesifudumezi samanzi esivamile, amandla elanga ozowasebenzisa angaletha ukonga okukhulu kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo.Amanzi ashisayo enza amaphesenti angu-18 okusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya, kodwa izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zinganciphisa isikweletu sakho samanzi ashisayo ngamaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-80.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zingakusiza kanjani ukuthi usebenzise amandla amahhala avuselelekayo asindisa imali futhi azuzise iplanethi.Uhlome ngalolu lwazi, ungenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuthi isishicileli samanzi elanga siwukutshala imali okuhle kwezidingo zamanzi ashisayo zasekhaya.
Ukuze ubone ukuthi i-solar yasekhaya ephelele izobiza malini ikhaya lakho, ungathola isaphulelo samahhala, esingabopheli enkampanini ephezulu yelanga yangakini ngokugcwalisa leli fomu elingezansi.
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wesifudumezi-manzi selanga ukuveza uketshezi lwamanzi noma lokushintsha ukushisa elangeni bese uzungeza uketshezi olushisayo ulubuyisele ekhaya ukuze ulusebenzise ekhaya.Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zazo zonke izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ithangi lokugcina kanye neqoqo eliqoqa ukushisa elangeni.
Umqoqi uchungechunge lwamapuleti, amashubhu noma amathange lapho amanzi noma uketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa lumunca ukushisa kwelanga.Kusuka lapho, uketshezi luzungeza ethangini noma kuyunithi yokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga ziyizinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokulondoloza amandla okushisa amanzi ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yokushisa yamanzi evamile ekhaya.Kodwa ezinye izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zishisa futhi zigcina amanzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathangi endabuko, zihlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo elanga ngokugcwele.
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-heaters amanzi elanga: i-passive futhi esebenzayo.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu kokubili ukuthi amasistimu asebenzayo adinga iphampu ejikelezayo ukuze ihambise amanzi, kuyilapho izimiso ezingenzi lutho zithembele kumandla adonsela phansi ukuze zihambise amanzi.Amasistimu asebenzayo nawo adinga ugesi ukuze usebenze futhi angasebenzisa i-antifreeze njengoketshezi lokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Eziqoqweni ezilula zokusebenzisa ilanga, amanzi ashisiswe epayipini abese exhunywa ngqo empompini ngepayipi uma kudingeka.Abaqoqi belanga abasebenzayo bangase basebenzise i-antifreeze - kusukela eqoqweni lelanga ukuya emshinini wokushisa ukushisa ukuze kushise amanzi okuphuza ukuze agcinwe futhi asetshenziswe ekhaya - noma ukushisa amanzi ngokuqondile, abese empontshelwa ethangini.
Amasistimu asebenzayo kanye ne-passive anezigaba ezincanyana ezinikelwe kwizimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ohambweni, amakhono kanye nesabelomali.Okulungele wena kuzoncika ezintweni ezilandelayo:
Nakuba zibiza kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-passive, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ezisebenzayo zisebenza kahle kakhulu.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamasistimu okushisa amanzi elanga asebenzayo:
Ngohlelo oluqondile olusebenzayo, amanzi aphuzwayo angena ngqo ethangini lokuwagcina ukuze asetshenziswe.Afaneleka kakhulu esimweni sezulu esipholile lapho amazinga okushisa engavamile ukucwiliswa ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.
Amasistimu angaqondile asebenzayo azungeza uketshezi olungenasiqandisi ngokusebenzisa iziqoqi zelanga kanye nokushintshanisa ukushisa lapho ukushisa koketshezi kudluliselwa emanzini okuphuza.Amanzi abe esephinde agaywa ethangini lokugcina ukuze asetshenziswe ekhaya.Amasistimu angaqondile asebenzayo abalulekile ezindaweni ezibandayo lapho amazinga okushisa evamise ukwehlela ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezingaqondile ezisebenzayo, amapayipi asengozini yokubanda futhi aqhume.
Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ezingenzi lutho ziyinketho eshibhile futhi elula, kodwa futhi ivame ukungasebenzi kahle kunezinhlelo ezisebenzayo.Nokho, zingathembeka kakhulu futhi zihlale isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke akufanele uzinake njengenketho, ikakhulukazi uma usebhajethi.
Uhlelo Oludidiyelwe Lokuqoqwa Kwesitoreji (i-ICS) lulula kunazo zonke ukufakwa kokushisisa kwamanzi ngelanga - isiqoqisi singasetshenziswa futhi njengethangi lokugcina. Asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa asebenza kuphela ezimeni zezulu ezinengcuphe ephansi kakhulu yokuba yiqhwa. Uhlelo lwe-ICS lungaba lula njengethangi elikhulu elimnyama noma uchungechunge lwamapayipi ethusi amancane anamathiselwe ophahleni.
Amasistimu e-ICS avame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisisa amanzi kusengaphambili kumahitha avamile.Kuhlelo olunjalo, lapho amanzi edingeka, ashiya ithange/umqoqi wesitoreji aye endaweni yokushisisa amanzi evamile ekhaya.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwezinhlelo ze-ICS ubukhulu nesisindo: ngenxa yokuthi amathangi ngokwawo nawo angabaqoqi, makhulu futhi asindayo.Ukwakhiwa kufanele kuqine ngokwanele ukusekela uhlelo olukhulu lwe-ICS, okungenzeka lungenzeki noma lungenzeki kwamanye amakhaya.Okunye okubi kwesistimu ye-ICS ukuthi ijwayele ukubanda futhi iqhume ngisho nalapho kubanda, okulenze lifanelekele kuphela isimo sezulu esibandayo noma esishisayo ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe isimo sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo.
Amasistimu we-Thermosyphon ancike ekushicileleni amabhayisikili ashisayo.Amanzi ajikeleza njengoba amanzi afudumele ekhuphuka futhi amanzi abandayo ehla.Anethangi elifana neyunithi ye-ICS, kodwa umqoqi wehla ethangini ukuze avumele ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo.
Umqoqi we-thermosiphon uqoqa ukukhanya kwelanga bese uthumela amanzi ashisayo emuva ethangini ngeluphu evaliwe noma ipayipi lokushisa. Nakuba ama-thermosiphon esebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-ICS, awakwazi ukusetshenziswa lapho kukhishwa khona njalo.
Uma usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuthi isifudumezi sakho samanzi selanga sizozikhokhela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga yizona ezingabizi kakhulu emikhayeni enamalungu amaningi noma izidingo eziphezulu zamanzi ashisayo.
Isishicileli samanzi selanga esijwayelekile sibiza cishe u-$9,000 ngaphambi kwezinxephezelo zikahulumeni, ezifinyelela phezulu ku-$13,000 kumamodeli asebenzayo anamandla amakhulu.Amasistimu amancane angabiza kancane nje ngo-$1,500.
Izintengo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwakho okokusebenza, usayizi wesistimu, izindleko zokufaka nokunakekela, nokunye.Nakuba amasistimu e-ICS kuyinketho eshibhe kakhulu (cishe u-$4,000 ngeyunithi engamalitha angu-60), awasebenzi kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, ngakho-ke uma ikhaya lakho libona amazinga okushisa avamile ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, awunayo enye inketho ngaphandle kokuchitha Thenga isistimu engaqondile esebenzayo, noma okungenani usebenzise ingxenye yonyaka.
Isisindo nosayizi wamasistimu angabizi kakhulu angenzi lutho kungase kungabi okwawo wonke umuntu.Uma isakhiwo sakho singakwazi ukumelana nesisindo sesistimu ye-passive noma ungenaso isikhala, isistimu esebenzayo ebiza kakhulu iphinde ibe inketho yakho engcono kakhulu.
Uma wakha ikhaya elisha noma uxhasa ngezimali kabusha, ungafaka izindleko ze-heater yakho entsha yamanzi elanga esibambisweni sakho.Kuhlanganisa nezindleko zesishisi samanzi selanga esisha esiboshelweni seminyaka engu-30 kuzokubiza u-$13 kuya ku-$20 ngenyanga. Kuhlanganiswe nezinxephezelo zikahulumeni, ungase ukhokhe imali encane njenge-$10 kuya ku-$15 yebhilidi entsha yenyanga. I-10-$ 15 ngenyanga, uzoqala ukulondoloza imali ngokushesha.Uma usebenzisa amanzi amaningi, uhlelo luzozikhokhela ngokushesha.
Ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuthenga nokufaka isistimu ngokwayo, udinga futhi ukucabangela izindleko zokusebenza zonyaka.Esimisweni esilula se-passive, lokhu akunakwa noma cha.Kodwa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezisebenzisa izifudumezi zamanzi ezivamile kanye nezifudumezi zelanga, uzobhekana nezindleko ezithile zokushisa, nakuba ziphansi kakhulu kunezifudumezi ezivamile zodwa.
Akudingekile ukuthi ukhokhe inani eligcwele lesistimu entsha yokushisisa amanzi ngelanga.Izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni zinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokufakwa.I-Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ITC noma Ikhredithi Yentela Yokutshalwa Kwezimali) ingahlinzeka ngekhredithi yentela engu-26% yezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga.Kodwa kunemibandela ethile okufanele ifaneleke:
Izifundazwe eziningi, omasipala, kanye nezinsiza zinikeza ezazo izinzuzo nezaphulelo zokufaka izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga.Bheka isizindalwazi se-DSIRE ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lokulawula.
Izingxenye zokushisisa amanzi elanga ziyatholakala emaketangeni amaningi kazwelonke, njenge-Home Depot.Units nazo zingathengwa ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi, kanti i-Duda Diesel ne-Sunbank Solar zinikeza izinketho ezimbalwa zokuhlala ezinkulu zesifudumezi samanzi selanga.
Njengoba kunezici eziningi ezithonya ukuthi iyiphi i-heater yamanzi yelanga okufanele uyithenge, kuhle ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe lapho ukhetha futhi ufaka uhlelo olukhulu lokushisa kwamanzi elanga.
Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga azivamile njengoba zazivamile.Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zama-solar panel, okuholele ekutheni abantu abaningi abebengafaka izifudumezi zamanzi elanga bayeke ukusebenzisa ugesi ophehlwa ngamapaneli elanga ukushisa amanzi.
Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zithatha indawo eyigugu, futhi kubanikazi bezindlu abanentshisekelo yokukhiqiza amandla abo elanga, kungase kube nomqondo owengeziwe ukwandisa indawo etholakalayo futhi kuqedwe ama-heaters amanzi elanga ngokuphelele, esikhundleni salokho bathenge ama-solar panel.
Kodwa-ke, uma ungenayo indawo yamapaneli elanga, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zingase zifaneleke njengoba zithatha indawo encane kakhulu kunamapaneli elanga.Ama-solar water heater nawo ayindlela enhle kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezikude noma njenge-eco-friendly add-on emandleni akhona elanga.Ama-heaters amanzi kagesi anamuhla asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi uma enikwa amandla amandla elanga kanye nama-wallets aluhlaza azosindisa amandla okushisa elanga kanye ne-wallet yakho ye-wallet. .
Kubanikazi bezindlu abaningi, isinqumo sehlela ngentengo.Ama-heaters amanzi elanga angabiza imali elinganiselwa ku-$13,000. Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlelo lwelanga oluphelele lwasekhaya luzobiza malini ikhaya lakho, ungathola isaphulelo samahhala, esingenasibopho esivela enkampanini ephezulu yelanga endaweni yakini ngokugcwalisa ifomu elingezansi.
Ukuthi i-heater yamanzi yelanga iyafaneleka noma cha incike ngokuphelele lapho uhlala khona, izidingo zakho kanye nezinto ozikhethayo, nokuthi uhlela ukufaka ama-solar panel.Indawo elahlekile yama-heaters amanzi elanga ibangelwa kakhulu ukwanda kwe-solar yasekhaya: Abantu abafaka izifudumezi zamanzi elanga nabo bafuna amandla elanga, futhi ngokuvamile bakhetha ukuhoxisa ama-heaters amanzi elanga ancintisana nendawo eyigugu yophahla.
Uma unesikhala, isifudumezi samanzi elanga singase sehlise isikweletu sakho samanzi ashisayo. Sisetshenziswa kanye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga zihlala ziyisinqumo esihle kakhulu cishe kunoma yisiphi isicelo.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokushisisa amanzi ngelanga lubiza cishe u-$9,000, namamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu akhuphukela ngaphezu kuka-$13,000. Izifudumezi ezincane zizobiza kakhulu, kusukela ku-$1,000 kuya ku-$3,000.
Ububi obukhulu bezifudumezi zamanzi elanga ukuthi ngeke zisebenze ezinsukwini ezinenkungu, lina noma liguqubele, noma ebusuku. Nakuba lokhu kunganqotshwa ngezifudumezi ezisizayo zendabuko, kusewububi obuvamile kubo bonke ubuchwepheshe belanga.
Izifudumezi zamanzi elanga zisakaza uketshezi ngeziqoqi zelanga (imvamisa ipuleti eliyisicaba noma abaqoqi bamashubhu), shisisa uketshezi bese uluthumela ethangini noma ku-exchanger, lapho uketshezi lusetshenziselwa ukushisa amanzi asekhaya.
U-Christian Yonkers ungumbhali, umthwebuli wezithombe, umenzi wefilimu, futhi ungumuntu wangaphandle omatasatasa ngokuphambana phakathi kwabantu neplanethi. Usebenza nemikhiqizo nezinhlangano ezinomthelela wezenhlalo nezemvelo emqondweni wazo, ezisiza zixoxe izindaba ezishintsha umhlaba.