Umsebenzi wokugoba i-mandrel uqala umjikelezo wayo.I-mandrel ishuthekwa kububanzi obungaphakathi beshubhu.I-goving die (kwesokunxele) inquma i-radius.I-clamping die (kwesokudla) iqondisa ishubhu elizungeze ukufa kokugoba ukuze kunqunywe i-engeli.
Kuzo zonke izimboni, isidingo sokugoba amashubhu ayinkimbinkimbi siyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingxenye zesakhiwo, amathuluzi ezokwelapha ahambayo, amafreyimu ama-ATV noma izimoto zezinsiza, noma ngisho nezinsimbi zokuphepha zensimbi ezindlini zangasese, yonke iphrojekthi ihlukile.
Ukuthola imiphumela oyifunayo kudinga okokusebenza okuhle futhi ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe obufanele.Njenganoma isiphi esinye isiyalo sokukhiqiza, ukugoba kweshubhu okuphumelelayo kuqala ngobungqabavu obuyinhloko, imiqondo eyisisekelo esekela noma iyiphi iphrojekthi.
Amandla athile abalulekile asiza ekunqumeni ububanzi bephrojekthi yokugoba ipayipi noma ipayipi.Izici ezifana nohlobo lwempahla, ukusetshenziswa kokuphela, kanye nokusetshenziswa konyaka okulinganiselwe kuthinta ngokuqondile inqubo yokukhiqiza, izindleko ezihilelekile, nezikhathi zokuhola zokulethwa.
Umnyombo wokuqala obalulekile yizinga lokugoba (DOB), noma i-engeli eyakhiwe ukugoba. Okulandelayo yi-Centreline Radius (CLR), ehamba ngomugqa omaphakathi wepayipi noma ishubhu okufanele igotshwe. Ngokuvamile, i-CLR eqine kakhulu efinyelelekayo iwububanzi obuphindwe kabili bepayipi noma ishubhu. Phinda kabili i-CLR ukuze ubale umugqa omaphakathi wepayipi eliyibanga eliphakathi nendawo ukusuka kwelinye ibanga18), 0-degree ukubuyisela ukugoba.
I-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) ikalwa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yokuvuleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi noma ishubhu. Ububanzi bangaphandle (OD) bulinganiswa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yepayipi noma ishubhu, okuhlanganisa nodonga. Ekugcineni, ukujiya kodonga okulinganiselwe kukalwa phakathi kwezindawo zangaphandle nezingaphakathi zepayipi noma ishubhu.
Ukubekezelela okujwayelekile kwemboni ye-engeli yokugoba yi-±1 degree. Yonke inkampani inendinganiso yangaphakathi okungenzeka isekelwe kumathuluzi asetshenzisiwe kanye nolwazi nolwazi lomsebenzisi womshini.
Amashubhu ayalinganiswa futhi acashuniwe ngokobubanzi bawo bangaphandle kanye negeji (okungukuthi ukushuba kodonga). Amageji avamile ahlanganisa u-10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, kanye no-20. Lapho ingaphansi kwegeji, udonga lushubile: 10-ga. Ishubhu ineshubhu engu-0.134 inch.0 3-inch .0 . kanye neshubhu engu-0.035″ OD. Udonga lubizwa ngokuthi “1½-in” engxenyeni ethi print.20-ga.tube.”
Ipayipi licaciswa usayizi wepayipi lokuzisholo (NPS), inombolo engenasici echaza ububanzi (ngamayintshi), kanye nethebula lokujiya kodonga (noma i-Sch.).Amapayipi aba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bodonga, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwawo.Amashejuli adumile ahlanganisa i-Sch.5, 10, 40 kanye no-80.
I-pipe.OD engu-1.66″ kanye namayintshi angu-0.140. I-NPS imakwe odongeni engxenyeni yomdwebo, ilandelwa ishejuli - kulesi simo, amashubhu “1¼”.Shi.40.”Ishadi lohlelo lwamapayipi licacisa ububanzi obungaphandle nobukhulu bodonga lwe-NPS nohlelo oluhlobene.
Isici sodonga, okuyisilinganiso esiphakathi kobubanzi obungaphandle nobukhulu bodonga, singesinye isici esibalulekile sezindololwane.Ukusebenzisa izinto ezinodonga oluncane (okulingana noma ngaphansi kuka-18 ga.) kungase kudinge ukusekelwa okwengeziwe ku-arc yokugoba ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushwabana noma ukuwohloka.Kulokhu, ukugoba kwekhwalithi kuzodinga ama-mandrels namanye amathuluzi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile i-bend D, ububanzi beshubhu ngokuphathelene ne-radius egobile, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-bend radius izikhathi eziningi ezinkulu kunevelu ye-D. Ngokwesibonelo, i-2D bend radius iyipayipi elingu-3-in.-OD ingamayintshi angu-6. Uma iphezulu i-D yokugoba, kulula ukugoba ukwenza.Futhi lapho iphansi i-radius yokugoba isiza ukunquma ukuthi i-coefficient yodonga i-D ibe lula kangakanani, i-Coefficient ye-D ibe lula. ukuqala iphrojekthi yokugoba ipayipi.
Umfanekiso 1. Ukuze ubale iphesenti le-ovality, hlukanisa umehluko phakathi kobukhulu nobuncane be-OD nge-OD yegama.
Okunye ukucaciswa kwephrojekthi kubiza amashubhu amancane noma amapayipi ukuze kulawuleke izindleko zempahla.Nokho, izindonga ezincanyana zingadinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokukhiqiza ukuze kugcinwe ukuma nokuvumelana kweshubhu ekujikeni futhi kuqede ithuba lokushwabana.Kwezinye izimo, lezi zindleko zomsebenzi ezandayo zidlula ukonga kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Uma ishubhu ligoba, lingalahlekelwa u-100% wesimo salo esiyindilinga eduze naseduze nendawo yokugoba.Lokhu kuchezuka kubizwa ngokuthi i-ovality futhi kuchazwa njengomehluko phakathi kobukhulu obukhulu nobuncane bobukhulu bobubanzi bangaphandle beshubhu.
Isibonelo, ishubhu engu-2″ OD ingakala kufikela ku-1.975″ ngemva kokugoba. Lo mehluko oyiyintshi engu-0.025 uyisici se-ovality, okufanele sibe phakathi kokubekezelelana okwamukelekayo (bona Umfanekiso 1). Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kokugcina kwengxenye, ukubekezelela i-ovality kungaba phakathi kuka-1.5% no-8%.
Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta i-ovality yi-elbow D nokuqina kodonga.Ukugoba i-radii encane ezintweni ezinodonga oluncane kungaba nzima ukugcina i-ovality ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana, kodwa kungenziwa.
I-ovality ilawulwa ngokubeka i-mandrel ngaphakathi kweshubhu noma ipayipi ngesikhathi sokugoba, noma kwezinye izingxenye ze-specs, kusetshenziswa (DOM) ishubhu edwetshwe ku-mandrel kusukela ekuqaleni.(Ishubhu ye-DOM inobunikazi obuqinile kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-OD.) Lapho kuphansi ukubekezelela i-ovality, kudingeka isikhathi esiningi sokukhiqiza kanye namandla okukhiqiza.
Imisebenzi yokugoba ishubhu isebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile kokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezakhiwe ziyahlangabezana nokucaciswa nokubekezelelana (bheka Umfanekiso 2).Noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okudingekile kungadluliselwa emshinini we-CNC njengoba kudingeka.
I-roll.Ilungele ukukhiqiza ukugoba okukhulu kwe-radius, ukugoba kwe-roll kuhilela ukuphakela ipayipi noma ukubhobhoza ngama-roller amathathu ngokucushwa kukanxantathu (bheka Umfanekiso 3).Ama-roller amabili angaphandle, ngokuvamile ahleliwe, asekela phansi kwempahla, kuyilapho i-roller eguquguqukayo yangaphakathi icindezela phezulu kwento.
Ukugoba kokucindezelwa.Kule ndlela elula, into egobayo ihlala imile kuyilapho i-counter-die igoba noma icindezela izinto eziseduze nendawo.Le ndlela ayisebenzisi i-mandrel futhi idinga ukufana okuqondile phakathi kokugoba kanye ne-radius yokugoba oyifunayo (bheka Umfanekiso 4).
Ukusonta nokugoba.Olunye lwezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokugoba ishubhu ukugoba okujikelezayo (okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-mandrel bending), esebenzisa ukugoba nokucindezela kufa kanye nama-mandrels.Ama-mandrels afaka induku yensimbi noma ama-cores asekela ipayipi noma ishubhu lapho igobile.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mandrel kuvimbela ishubhu ukuthi lingabhidliki, ligobe lapho ligoba, livikele ishubhu lapho ligoba noma ligoqe. ).
Lesi simiso sihlanganisa ukugoba okunama-multi-radius ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga i-centerline radii emibili noma ngaphezulu.Ukugoba kwama-multi-radius nakho kuhle ezingxenyeni ezine-centerline radii (ukusebenza kanzima kungase kungabi inketho) noma izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukwakhiwa emjikelezweni owodwa ogcwele.
Umfanekiso 2. Amathuluzi akhethekile ahlinzeka ngokuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela ukusiza opharetha baqinisekise ukucaciswa kwengxenye noma ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izilungiso ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Ukuze wenze lolu hlobo lokugoba, i-rotary draw bender inikezwa ngamasethi amathuluzi amabili noma ngaphezulu, eyodwa kurediyasi ngayinye oyifunayo.Ukusetha ngokwezifiso kumabhuleki okucindezela amakhanda amabili - eyodwa yokugobela kwesokudla nenye yokugobela kwesokunxele - inganikeza kokubili i-radio encane nenkulu engxenyeni efanayo.Ushintsho phakathi kwezindololwane zesokunxele nakwesokudla zingaphindwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuvumela noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-voltary ukubunjwa komshini noma i-voltary edingekayo ukuze kwenziwe noma yikuphi umshini we-voltage. kabusha 6).
Ukuze uqalise, uchwepheshe usetha umshini ngokuvumelana neshubhu lejiyomethri esohlwini lweshidi ledatha lokugoba noma ukuphrinta kokukhiqiza, ukufaka noma ukulayisha izixhumanisi kusukela ekuphrintiwe kanye nobude, ukuzungezisa kanye nedatha ye-engeli.Okulandelayo kuza isifaniso sokugoba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ishubhu izokwazi ukusula umshini namathuluzi ngesikhathi sokugoba.
Nakuba le ndlela ngokuvamile idingeka ezingxenyeni ezenziwe ngensimbi noma insimbi engagqwali, izinsimbi eziningi zezimboni, ubukhulu bodonga nobude kungamukeleka.
Ukugoba kwamahhala.Indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu, ukugoba kwamahhala kusebenzisa idayizi enosayizi ofanayo nepayipi noma ishubhu eligotshwayo (bheka Umfanekiso 7).Le nqubo inhle kakhulu ekugobeni kwe-angular noma ama-multi-radius angaphezu kwama-degree angu-180 anezingxenye ezimbalwa eziqondile phakathi kokugoba ngakunye (ukugoba okujikelezayo okujwayelekile kudinga izingxenye ezithile eziqondile ukuze ithuluzi libambe).
Amashubhu anezindonga ezincane—ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emishinini yokudla neziphuzo, ezingxenyeni zefenisha, nasezinsizeni zezokwelapha noma zezempilo—alungele ukugoba mahhala. Ngokuphambene, izingxenye ezinezindonga eziwugqinsi zingase zingabi amakhandidethi asebenzayo.
Amathuluzi ayadingeka kumaphrojekthi amaningi okugoba amapayipi.Ekugobeni okujikelezayo okujikelezayo, amathuluzi amathathu abaluleke kakhulu ukugoba ama-dies, i-pressure dies and clamping dies.Ngokuya nge-bend radius nokuqina kodonga, i-mandrel ne-wiper die nayo ingase idingeke ukuze kuzuzwe ukugoba okwamukelekayo.Izingxenye ezinokugoba okuningi zidinga i-collet ebamba futhi ivale ngobumnene njengoba ivala ishubhu edingekayo, ukuya kumashubhu alandelayo.
Inhliziyo yenqubo igoba idayisi ukuze yakhe irediyasi emaphakathi yengxenye.Ifayineli yeshaneli ye-concave ilingana nobubanzi bangaphandle beshubhu futhi isiza ukubamba impahla njengoba igoba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-pressure die ibamba futhi isimamise ishubhu njengoba ilimele endaweni egobayo. fa, sebenzisa udokotela die lapho kudingekile ukuba bushelelezi ebusweni impahla, ukusekela izindonga tube, futhi uvimbele imibimbi kanye banding.
Ama-mandrel, i-bronze alloy noma i-chromed steel inserts ukusekela amapayipi noma amashubhu, ukuvimbela ukuwa kweshubhu noma i-kink, futhi unciphise ukuqanda. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i-mandrel yebhola. Ilungele ukugoba okunama-radius amaningi kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile bodonga, i-mandrel yebhola isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesisula, isihluthulelo kanye nokucindezelandawonye akhulisa umfutho odingekayo ukuze abambe, azinzise futhi ashelele ukugoba.Ipulaki mandrel iyinduku eqinile yezindololwane ezinkulu engaba ngamapayipi anezindonga eziwugqinsi angadingi ama-wiper.Ama-mandrel akhayo ayizinduku eziqinile ezinemiphetho egobile (noma eyakhiwe) esetshenziselwa ukusekela ingaphakathi lamashubhu anodonga aminyene noma amashubhu agobelwe endaweni eyisilinganiso esilinganiselwe, amashubhu aphindwe kabili adinga amaphrojekthi akhethekile.
Ukugoba okunembile kudinga amathuluzi afanele kanye nokusetha.Izinkampani eziningi zokugoba amapayipi zinamathuluzi esitokweni.Uma ingekho, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zitholwe ukuze kuhambisane nendawo ethile yokugoba.
Inkokhiso yokuqala yokudala ifa eligobayo ingahluka kakhulu.Le nkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa ihlanganisa izinto kanye nesikhathi sokukhiqiza esidingekayo ukuze kudalwe amathuluzi adingekayo, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi alandelayo.Uma umklamo wengxenye uvumelana nezimo ngokuya ngeradiyasi egobileyo, abathuthukisi bomkhiqizo bangakwazi ukulungisa ukucaciswa kwabo ukuze basebenzise ithuluzi lokugoba elikhona lomnikezeli (kunokuba kusetshenziswe izikhathi ezimfishane zokuphatha. Lokhu kusiza ukuphatha izindleko ezintsha).
Umfanekiso 3. Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kokugoba okukhulu kwerediyasi, ukugoba kwe-roll ukuze kwakhiwe ishubhu noma ishubhu enama-roller amathathu ekucushweni kukanxantathu.
Izimbobo ezishiwo, izikhala, noma ezinye izici ekujikeni noma eduze kwazo zengeza umsebenzi osizayo emsebenzini, njengoba i-laser kufanele inqunywe ngemva kokuba ishubhu ligobile.Ukubekezelela nakho kuthinta izindleko.Imisebenzi edinga kakhulu ingase idinge ama-mandrel engeziwe noma ife, okungase kwenyuse isikhathi sokusetha.
Kunezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo abakhiqizi okudingeka bazicabangele lapho bethola izindololwane zangokwezifiso noma ukugoba.Izinto ezifana namathuluzi, izinto zokwakha, ubuningi, kanye nomsebenzi konke kunendima.
Nakuba amasu nezindlela zokugoba amapayipi sezithuthukile eminyakeni edlule, izinto eziyisisekelo zokugoba amapayipi zisafana.Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo kanye nokubonisana nomphakeli onolwazi kuzokusiza uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
I-FABRICATOR ingumagazini ohamba phambili eNyakatho Melika embonini yokwakhiwa kwensimbi.Lo magazini uhlinzeka ngezindaba, izihloko zezobuchwepheshe kanye nemilando yamacala eyenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngendlela egculisayo.I-FABRICATOR ibisebenzela imboni kusukela ngo-1970.
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