Imigqa ye-hydraulic evamile isebenzisa isiphetho esisodwa esivuthayo futhi ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa i-SAE-J525 noma i-ASTM-A513-T5, izinto okunzima ukuzithola ekhaya.Ama-OEM afuna abahlinzeki basekhaya angashintsha amashubhu akhiqizwe ku-SAE-J356A izicaciso futhi avaliwe nge-O-ring face seal, njengoba kubonisiwe.
Inothi Lomhleli: Lesi sihloko singesokuqala ochungechungeni olunezingxenye ezimbili emakethe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemigqa yokudlulisa uketshezi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomfutho ophezulu.Ingxenye yokuqala ixoxa ngesimo sezisekelo ezivamile zokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yasekhaya nezangaphandle.Ingxenye yesibili ixoxa ngemininingwane yemikhiqizo engaphansi evamile eqondiswe kule makethe.
Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ubangele izinguquko ebezingalindelekile ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kwamapayipi ensimbi kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amapayipi. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019 kuze kube manje, imakethe yamashubhu ibe nezinguquko eziphazamisayo ekusebenzeni kwefekthri kanye nempahla.
Abasebenzi manje sebebaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.Lolu bhubhane luyinkinga yabantu, futhi ukubaluleka kwezempilo kuguqule ibhalansi yokudlala impilo yomsebenzi kwabaningi, uma kungenjalo bonke. ngenkathi izisebenzi zokukhiqiza zingasebenzi noma amahora okusebenza ancishiswa kakhulu. Abakhiqizi manje banenkinga yokuqasha nokugcina abasebenzi, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi bokugaya amapayipi abanokuhlangenwe nakho. Ukwenziwa kwe-Tube ngokuyinhloko kuwumsebenzi owenziwe ngezandla odinga umzamo onzima endaweni elawulwa yisimo sezulu. Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezengeziwe (okungukuthi imaski) ukuze unciphise ukutheleleka futhi ulandele imithetho eyengeziwe, njengokungathi izinyawo eziningi zingakwazi ukwengeza ingcindezi emsebenzini.
Izindleko zokuhlinzekwa kwensimbi kanye nensimbi eluhlaza nazo zishintshile phakathi nalolu bhubhane. Kumashubhu amaningi, insimbi iyisamba esikhulu kunazo zonke izindleko. Njengomthetho, insimbi ibiza u-50% wezindleko ngonyawo lwepayipi ngalinye. Kuze kube ikota yesine ka-2020, amanani entengo ensimbi abandayo ase-US alinganiselwa ku-$800/t iminyaka emithathu.
Uma kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zici ezimbili zishintshe kanjani phakathi nobhubhane, zisabela kanjani izinkampani emakethe yamashubhu? Imuphi umthelela lezi zinguquko ezinawo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwamashubhu, futhi yisiphi isiqondiso esiwusizo esikhona ukuze imboni iphume kule nkinga?
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, isikhulu esiphezulu sefekthri yamapayipi safingqa indima yenkampani yakhe embonini: “Senza izinto ezimbili kuphela lapha – sakha amapayipi, futhi siyawadayisa.”, iziphazamiso eziningi, izici eziningi ezenza buthaka izindinganiso eziyinhloko zenkampani, noma inkinga yamanje (noma zonke lezi zici, okuvame ukuba njalo) ziwusizo kubaphathi abakhungathekile.
Kubalulekile ukufeza nokugcina ukulawula ngokugxila kulokho okubalulekile: izici ezithinta ukukhiqiza nokuthengisa amashubhu ekhwalithi.Uma imizamo yenkampani ingagxili kule misebenzi emibili, yisikhathi sokubuyela emuva ezintweni eziyisisekelo.
Njengoba ubhubhane lubhebhetheka, isidingo samapayipi kwezinye izimboni sehle sacishe safinyelela ku-zero. Izimboni zezimoto kanye nezinkampani ezikwezinye izimboni ezithathwa njengezingelutho zihlezi zingenzi lutho. Kunesikhathi lapho abaningi embonini bengawenzanga amashubhu futhi bengawadayisi. Imakethe yamapayipi isaqhubeka nokuba khona kumabhizinisi ambalwa abalulekile.
Ngenhlanhla, abantu benza into yabo.Abanye abantu bathenga amafriji engeziwe ukuze bagcine ukudla.Imakethe yezindlu iqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi abantu bavame ukuthenga ezinye izinto zikagesi ezintsha noma eziningi lapho bethenga indlu, ngakho womabili amathrendi asekela isidingo samashubhu anobubanzi obuncane. .
Umfanekiso 1. I-SAE-J525 kanye ne-ASTM-A519 zisungulwe njengokushintshwa okujwayelekile kwe-SAE-J524 kanye ne-ASTM-A513T5. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-SAE-J525 ne-ASTM-A513T5 ashiselwe, hhayi angenamthungo.Ubunzima bokuthola njengezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuhola budale amathuba kumikhiqizo ye-SAJ5 eqondile yamashubhu3 (35E-SAJE) eminye i-SAJEdeJ eqondile ye-SAJE-5E-J Eminye imikhiqizo emibili 6A (ilethwe ngekhoyili), ehlangabezana nezidingo eziningi ezifanayo.
Imakethe isishintshile, kodwa imihlahlandlela iyafana.Ayikho into ebaluleke ukwedlula ukugxila ekwenzeni nokudayisa amapayipi ngokwezidingo zemakethe.
Umbuzo othi "yenza noma uthenge" uphakama lapho imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ibhekene nezindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kanye nezinsiza zangaphakathi ezilungisiwe noma ezinciphayo.
Ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-tubular ye-post-welded kudinga izinsiza ezibalulekile.Kuncike ekuphumeni nasekukhiqizeni isitshalo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyinzuzo yokonga ukusika amapheshana abanzi endlini.Nokho, ukusika kwangaphakathi kungaba umthwalo, uma kubhekwa izidingo zomsebenzi, izidingo zemali yamathuluzi kanye nezindleko zokusungula ze-broadband.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusika amathani angu-2,000 ngenyanga kubangela amathani angu-5,000 ensimbi esitokweni, okudla imali eningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali encane kakhulu edingekayo ukuze kuthengwe insimbi eyisikwe ebanzi ngokushesha. bathintwe ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ngokuphathelene nokutholakala kwabasebenzi abanamakhono, izindleko zensimbi, nokugeleza kwemali.
Okufanayo kuya ekukhiqizeni i-tube ngokwayo, kuye ngokuthi isimo.Izinkampani ezinamaketanga e-value-added amaningi zingase ziphume ebhizinisini lokukhiqiza amapayipi.Esikhundleni sokwenza ipayipi bese uyaligoba, ukulimboza nokwenza ama-sub-assemblies nama-assemblies, athenge ipayipi futhi agxile kweminye imisebenzi.
Izinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza izingxenye ezikhiqiza amanzi noma izinqwaba zamashubhu ezithwala uketshezi lwezimoto zinezazo zokugaya. Ezinye zalezi zimboni seziyizikweletu kunempahla. ngokuphawulekayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.Ngokuphawulekayo, ama-EV amaningi kakhulu kule makethe anezingxenye ezimbalwa ze-steel powertrain powertrain.
Izigayo zamashubhu ezithunjiwe zivame ukwakhiwa ngemiklamo yangokwezifiso. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ekusebenziseni kwayo okuhlosiwe - ukwenza amapayipi ohlelo oluthile - kodwa kubi ngokwezomnotho wesilinganiso. Isibonelo, cabanga umshini wokugaya oklanyelwe ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-OD engu-10mm yephrojekthi eyaziwayo yezimoto. Uhlelo luqinisekisa izilungiselelo ezisekelwe ebuningini. Kamuva, inqubo encane kakhulu ene-planatha yenkampani yakhishwa, enye ipayipi yaphuma, enye ipayipi yakhishwa futhi yaphuma enye ipulani. ibe nevolumu eyanele ukuze isekele uhlelo lwesibili.Ukusethwa kanye nezinye izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu ukuthi zingakuthethelela.Kulokhu, uma inkampani ingathola umphakeli onekhono, kufanele izame ukukhipha iphrojekthi.
Kunjalo, ukubala akupheli lapho kunqamuka khona.Izinyathelo zokuqeda ezinjengokumboza, ukusika ubude kanye nokupakishwa kwengeza izindleko ezinkulu.Njengoba isisho sisho, izindleko ezinkulu ezifihlekile zokwenziwa kwamapayipi ukuphatha.Ishubhu lisuswa esigayweni liyiswe endaweni yokugcina impahla, lapho lisuswa khona bese lilayishwa ebhentshini lokusebenza ukuze lisikwe ubude bokugcina, bese amashubhu afakwa emishinini yokusika yonke into eyodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amashubhu agqitshwa ngomshini owodwa.Lezi zindleko zabasebenzi zingase zinganakwa i-accountant, kodwa ziza ngendlela yomqhubi we-forklift eyengeziwe noma umuntu owengeziwe emnyangweni wezokuthutha.
Umfanekiso 2. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-SAE-J525 kanye ne-SAE-J356A kucishe kufane, okusiza yakamuva ukuthi imiselele yokuqala.
Amashubhu asetshenziswa yi-hydraulic selokhu akhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka.AbaseGibhithe bakha intambo yethusi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4,000 edlule.Amapayipi oqalo asetshenziswa eShayina ngesikhathi soBukhosi bukaXia, cishe ngo-2000 BC, futhi kamuva amapayipi aseRoma akhiwa ngamapayipi omthofu, okuwumkhiqizo wenqubo yokuncibilikisa isiliva.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo esimanje enza umsebenzi wawo wokuqala eNyakatho Melika ngo-1890.Kusukela ngo-1890 kuze kube namuhla, impahla eluhlaza yale nqubo iyindilinga eyindilinga eqinile.Ukuthuthukiswa kokusakazwa okuqhubekayo ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kwaholela ekuguqulweni kwamashubhu angenamthungo ukusuka ezingots kuya kulokho okwakuyinsimbi engabizi kakhulu, insimbi yokudweba ebandayo eyenziwe yi-tufflic eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. imigodi emincane ekhiqizwa yile nqubo.Emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, ihlukaniswa njenge-SAE-J524 yiNhlangano Yonjiniyela Bezimoto kanye ne-ASTM-A519 yi-American Society for Testing and Materials.
Ukukhiqiza amashubhu e-hydraulic angenamthungo kuvame ukuba yinqubo edinga abasebenzi abaningi, ikakhulukazi kuma-diameter amancane.Kudinga amandla amaningi futhi kudinga indawo enkulu.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1970, imakethe yashintsha. Ngemva kokubusa imakethe yamapayipi ensimbi cishe iminyaka eyi-100, ukushelela okungenamthungo. Yakhishwa ngepayipi elishiselwe, elatholakala lilungele ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eminingi emakethe yezokwakha kanye nezimoto. Laze lathatha indawo endaweni okwakuyiyona ndawo ngaphambili eyayiyi-holy pipeline - umkhakha kawoyela nophethiloli.
Izindlela ezintsha ezimbili ezibe nomthelela kulolu shintsho emakethe.Okunye kwakho kuhilela ukukhishwa kwe-slab okuqhubekayo, okwenza izigayo zensimbi zikhiqize kahle ngobuningi ukukhiqiza umugqa oyisicaba wekhwalithi ephezulu.Enye inqubo eyenza ukushisela ukumelana nemvamisa kube inqubo esebenzayo embonini yamapayipi.Umphumela uwumkhiqizo omusha: ukusebenza kuhle njengepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo engenamthungo eqhathaniswayo, futhi i-ASJ 5 isezingeni eliphansi lokukhiqiza njenge-ASTM-5 ikhiqiza i-tube2-classified. I-A513-T5 emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika.Ngenxa yokuthi ithubhu idonswa futhi ivaliwe, iwumkhiqizo odinga izinsiza.Lezi zinqubo azifani nomsebenzi- kanye nemali eningi njengezinqubo ezingenamthungo, kodwa izindleko ezihambisana nazo zisaphezulu.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990 kuze kube manje, iningi lamapayipi kalayini osebenza ngogesi asetshenziswa ezimakethe zasekhaya, noma ngabe adonswe ngaphandle nekhono (SAE-J524) noma adonswe ashiselwe (SAE-J525), ayangeniswa. i-minant kule makethe.Izindleko ezivumayo zemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe ziyisithiyo esikhulu.
imakethe yamanje.Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ongenamthungo, odwetshiwe kanye ne-annealed i-J524 ibilokhu kuncipha phakathi neminyaka.Isatholakala futhi inendawo emakethe yomugqa we-hydraulic, kodwa ama-OEMs ngokuvamile akhetha i-J525 uma umkhiqizo oshiselwe, odwetshiwe futhi ofakwe emanzini i-J525 utholakala kalula.
Ubhubhane luyahlasela futhi imakethe iyashintsha futhi. Ukuhlinzekwa kwabasebenzi emhlabeni wonke, insimbi kanye nempahla kwehla cishe ngesivinini esifanayo nokwehla okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kwesidingo sezimoto. Kuyafana nokuhlinzekwa kwamashubhu adonsa amanzi asuka kwamanye amazwe angu-J525. Ngokubheka lezi zenzakalo, imakethe yasekhaya ibonakala ihlotshaniswa nenye inguquko yemakethe. Ilungele ukukhiqiza omunye umkhiqizo osebenzayo, owodwa osebenzayo, futhi udweba ishubhu elilodwa elisebenzayo? ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa.Yi-SAE-J356A, ehlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlelo eziningi ze-hydraulic (bheka uMdwebo 1).
Imininingwane eshicilelwe yi-SAE ivamise ukuba mfushane futhi ibe lula, njengoba ukucaciswa ngakunye kuchaza inqubo eyodwa kuphela yokwenza ipayipi. Okubi ukuthi i-J525 ne-J356A zinokugqagqana okukhulu ngobukhulu, izakhiwo zemishini, njll., ngakho ukucaciswa kuvame ukuhlwanyela imbewu yokudideka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-J356A iwumkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe we-diameter encane esetshenziswa ipayipi elingu-36 elisetshenziswa njenge-hydraulic eyi-hydraulic enkulu engu-J56 osetshenziswayo imigqa emikhulu ye-hydraulic.
Umfanekiso 3. Nakuba amashubhu adonswe ashiselwe futhi abandayo abhekwa ngabaningi njengaphakeme kunamashubhu asethiwe ashiselwe futhi abandayo, izakhiwo zemishini yemikhiqizo emibili yamashubhu ziyaqhathaniswa.Qaphela: Inani lombuso ku-PSI ukuguqulwa okuthambile kokucaciswa, kuyinani le-metric ku-MPa.
Abanye onjiniyela bakholelwa ukuthi i-J525 iphumelela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komfutho ophezulu we-hydraulic, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa emishinini esindayo.I-J356A ayaziwa kancane, kodwa futhi iwuketshezi oluthwala umfutho ophezulu.Ngezinye izikhathi izidingo zokugcina zokugcina zihlukile: I-J525 ayinabo ubuhlalu be-ID, kuyilapho i-J356A ilawulwa yi-flash futhi inobuhlalu obuncane be-ID.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinezakhiwo ezifanayo (bheka Umfanekiso 2).Umehluko omncane ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali uhlobene nezakhiwo ezifunwayo zemishini.Ukuze kuzuzwe izici ezithile zemishini, njengokunqamula amandla ekucindezelekeni noma ekuqineni kokugcina (i-UTS), ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi kunqunyelwe ukukhiqiza imiphumela ethile.
Izinhlobo zamashubhu zabelana ngesethi evamile yamapharamitha wokusebenza kwemishini afanayo, okuwenza aguquleke kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (bona Umfanekiso 3).Ngamanye amazwi, uma eyodwa ingatholakali, enye ingase ihlangabezane nezidingo.Akekho odinga ukusungula kabusha isondo;imboni isivele inesethi yamasondo aqinile, alinganiselayo etholakalayo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala ozinikele ekukhonzeni imboni yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990.Namuhla, isewukuphela kwencwadi eNyakatho Melika enikezelwe embonini futhi isibe umthombo othenjwa kakhulu wolwazi lwabachwepheshe bamapayipi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.