Ilayisi.1. Indlela Yokuhlola Ukukhiqiza Kwensimbi Engagqwali: I-Double 2D Matrix Assembly kuModi ye-TRL.

Amakhodi, ama-stanadards, nezindlela zithuthukile ukuze zivumele ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kwezigaba (PAUT) esikhundleni se-RT ukuze kuhlolwe ukushiselwa kwe-austenitic.Okokuqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi cishe eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zenzwa ezikabili (2D) zasakazekela kuwoyela negesi nezinye izimboni lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okuthembekile nokuphephile kokushisela okuphezulu kwe-attenuation austenitic.
Amadivayisi akamuva aphathekayo alandelanayo anezigaba afakwe isofthiwe eyakhelwe ngaphakathi enamandla ekuvumela ukuthi usethe ngokushesha nangempumelelo, ukhiphe futhi utolike izikena ze-2D matrix ngaphandle kokungenisa amafayela omthetho wokugxila adalwe ngezibali zangaphandle noma amasistimu okulawula kude usebenzisa isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe.isoftware yePC.
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obususelwe kuma-transducer e-2D array buhlinzeka ngamakhono aphakeme okuthola ukonakala kwe-axial kunsimbi engagqwali kanye nokushisela kwensimbi okungafani.Ukulungiselelwa kwe-2D okumbaxambili kwe-matrix kungamboza ngempumelelo ivolumu yokuhlolwa kwamashisela ensimbi engagqwali futhi kungathola amaphutha ayisicaba kanye nenqwaba.
Izinqubo zokuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound ngokuvamile zibandakanya ukulingana okukabili kukamatikuletsheni anezinhlangothi ezimbili ezibekwe ezicini ezimise okweweji ezishintshwayo amakhonsa awo afana nobubanzi obungaphandle bengxenye ecatshangelwayo.Sebenzisa amafrikhwensi aphansi - 1.5 MHz kumashiseli ensimbi angafani nezinye izinto zokunciphisa ukubambisa, 2 MHz ukuya ku-3.5 MHz kuma-substrates ensimbi engagqwali enziwe umfaniswano kanye nokushisela.
Ukucushwa kwe-T/R okumbaxambili (dlulisa/ukwamukela) kunikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo: akukho eduze kwendawo “efile”, ukuqedwa “kwama-phantom echoes” okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi kwe-wedge, futhi ekugcineni ukuzwela okungcono kanye nesilinganiso sesignali-to-noise (isignali yesilinganiso/umsindo).isibalo somsindo) ) ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemigqa engu-T no-R.
Ake sibheke indlela ye-PA UT yokulawula ukwenziwa kwamashisela ensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic.
Lapho uqhuba ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza, esikhundleni se-RT, isilawuli kufanele simboze ivolumu ye-weld kanye nawo wonke ukuqina kodonga lwendawo ethinteke ukushisa.Ezimweni eziningi, i-solder cap izoba khona.Ku-carbon steel welds, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagagasi e-shear ukuze u-sonicate ivolumu elawulwayo nhlangothi zombili, kuyilapho i-wave yesigamu sokugcina ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukubonakaliswa okukhethekile okuvela kumaphutha ku-weld bevel.
Kumafrikhwensi aphansi, indlela efanayo ye-shear wave ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola i-proximal bevel yokushisela insimbi engagqwali, kodwa ayithembekile ekuhlolweni nge-austenitic weld material.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-welds e-CRA, kukhona ingxube ye-alloy engagqwali engxenyeni yangaphakathi yepayipi yensimbi ye-carbon, futhi ingxenye yokugcina ye-wire jumper ye-cross beam ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo.
Ake sibheke izindlela zokuthola isampula sisebenzisa ithuluzi eliphathwayo le-UT nesofthiwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Ama-Transducer we-Dual 2D array akhiqiza ama-30 kuya ku-85 degree P-wave refracted imishayo engasetshenziselwa ukumboza ivolumu egcwele.Ngobukhulu bodonga kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-50 mm, ama-frequencies avela ku-1.5 kuya ku-2.25 MHz abhekwa njengokufanelekile, kuye ngokuthi i-substrate iyancipha.
Ngokuthuthukisa i-engeli ye-wedge kanye nokucushwa kwezakhi ze-probe ye-array, ububanzi obubanzi bokuskena kwe-engeli ye-refractive bungenziwa ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwama-side lobes ahlobene (Fig. 2).Umkhondo wenodi ye-wedge endizeni yesigameko incishisiwe, okuvumela indawo yokuphuma ye-beam ukuthi ibekwe eduze nendawo yokushisela.
Ukusebenza kohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-2.25 MHz 10 x 3 lwamalungu afanayo amabili kumodi ye-TRL kwahlaziywa ekushiselweni kodonga okungu-25 mm okungu-304 wepuleti lensimbi engagqwali.Izibonelo zokuhlola zazinomthambeka ojwayelekile omise okuka-V kanye nesimo sangaphezulu “sesishiselwe” futhi ziqukethe amaphutha angempela futhi abhalwe kahle ahambisana nokushisela.
Ilayisi.3. Idatha yamalungu afanayo ezigaba ahlanganisiwe ye-2.25 MHz 10 x 3 Dual Array (TRL) yamalungu afanayo angu-304 wokushisela i-stainless steel plate.
Emkhiwaneni.I-3 ibonisa izithombe zedatha ye-PAR ehlanganisiwe yawo wonke ama-engeli okuphindaphinda (kusuka ku-30° ukuya ku-85° LW) kubo bonke ubude be-weld.Ukutholwa kwedatha kwenziwe ngezinga eliphansi lenzuzo ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwaliswa kwesimo sokukhubazeka okubonakala kakhulu.Ukulungiswa kwedatha engu-16-bit kuvumela izilungiselelo ezifanele zokuzuza okuthambile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokukhubazeka.Ukuchazwa kwedatha kungenziwa lula ngokubeka kahle isivalo sokuqagela.
Isithombe sesici esisodwa esidalwe kusetshenziswa idathasethi efanayo ehlanganisiwe siboniswa kuMfanekiso 4. Hlola umphumela:
Uma ungafuni ukususa ipulaki ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, enye indlela yokuhlola ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuqhekeka kwe-axial (transverse) ekushiseleni kwamapayipi: i-single array array probe ingasetshenziswa kumodi ye-pulse echo ukuze "itshekise" ipulaki yokushisela Umsindo osuka ngezansi Njengoba i-beam yomsindo isakazeka ikakhulukazi ku-substrate ye-substrate eseduze ne-wavestrate engaseceleni ye-wavestate etholakala eduze kwe-wivesstrate engaseceleni.
Ngokufanelekile, ama-weld kufanele ahlolwe ngezindlela ezine zemishayo (Umfanekiso wesi-5) futhi adinga ama-wedge amabili alinganayo ukuze ahlolwe kusuka ezinhlangothini eziphambene, ngokwewashi nangokuphikisana newashi.Ngokuya ngobuningi nobukhulu bezinto ezingazodwana zamalungu afanayo, ukuhlangana koweji kungathuthukiswa ukuze kutholwe ama-engeli okuphikisa ukusuka ku-40° ukuya ku-65° ngokuhlobene nesiqondiso se-eksisi yokuskena.Imisebe engaphezu kuka-50 iwela kuseli ngalinye lokusesha.Ithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi lase-US PA elinesibali esakhelwe ngaphakathi lingabhekana kalula nencazelo yamasethi emithetho egxilile enama-skews ahlukene, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6.
Ngokuvamile, ukulandelana kwemigqa emibili yokuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukumboza ngokugcwele inani lesheke.Izikhundla ze-axial zemigqa emibili yokuskena zinqunywa kusukela kubukhulu bepayipi kanye nobubanzi bethiphu ye-weld.Umugqa wokuqala wokuskena usondela eduze kakhulu konqenqema lwe-weld, uveze amaphutha atholakala empandeni ye-weld, bese umugqa weskeni wesibili uqedela ukumbozwa kwe-HAZ.Indawo eyisisekelo ye-probe node izothuthukiswa ukuze indawo yokuphuma ye-beam ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nozwane lomqhele ngaphandle kokubonisa okubalulekile kwangaphakathi emkhawulweni.
Le ndlela yokuhlola itholwe iphumelela kakhulu ekutholeni amaphutha e-axial angaqondile.Emkhiwaneni.I-7 ibonisa isithombe esinezigaba esithathwe ku-axial crack ku-weld yensimbi engagqwali: amaphutha atholwe kuma-engeli ahlukahlukene wokuthambekela futhi i-SNR ephezulu ingabonwa.
Umfanekiso 7: Idatha yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe enezigaba yokuqhekeka kwe-axial ku-welding yensimbi engagqwali (ama-engeli ahlukahlukene we-SW nokuthambekela): ukuqagela okujwayelekile (kwesokunxele) kanye ne-polar projection (kwesokudla).
Izinzuzo ze-PA UT ethuthukisiwe njengenye indlela ye-radiography ziyaqhubeka nokuthola ukunakwa kuwoyela negesi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukukhiqiza nezinye izimboni ezithembele ekuhlolweni okuthembekile kwama-welds e-austenitic.Ngokufanayo, amathuluzi e-PA UT ahlanganiswe ngokugcwele, i-firmware enamandla kanye nama-2D array probes ayaqhubeka nokwenza lokhu kuhlola kungabizi futhi kusebenze kahle.
UGuy Maes ungumqondisi wezokuthengisa wakwaZetec e-UT.Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yokuhlangenwe nakho ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela ezithuthukisiwe ze-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, shayela (425) 974-2700 noma vakashela ku-www.zetec.com.
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