Lisebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe ye-3D Spark, ithimba lihlaziye izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta izindleko zokukhiqiza.Ezinye zazo ziqondene ngqo nezingxenye, kanti ezinye ziqondene ngqo nezinqubo.Isibonelo, qondisa izingxenye ukuze unciphise izisekelo futhi wandise izindawo ezakhayo.
Ngokulingisa amandla kuhinji, lawa mathuluzi angasusa izinto ezinomphumela omncane.Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kwesisindo esingu-35%.Izinto ezincane ziphinde zisho izikhathi zokuphrinta ezisheshayo, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko.
Ukukhuluma iqiniso, abakwenzayo akumele kube kusha kunoma ubani obambe iqhaza ekuphrinteni kwe-3D.Kunengqondo ukuhlela ingxenye ngendlela enengqondo.Siyibonile imfucuza isusiwe ekuphrinteni kwe-3D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwendabuko.Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa amathuluzi asiza ukwenza lokhu kulungiselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.Asazi ukuthi isoftware izobiza malini, futhi siqagela ukuthi ayihloselwe imakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D ye-hobbyist.Kodwa sizibuza ukuthi yini engenziwa, sisola ukuthi ngokugcotshwa kwedolo nokumodela kwisoftware etholakalayo, ungathola imiphumela efanayo.
Ngokombono, noma iliphi ithuluzi elingakwazi ukuhlaziya izinto ezinomkhawulo kufanele likwazi ukunquma okokusebenza okufanele kukhishwe.Siqaphele ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D.
“Ngokulingisa amandla kuhinge, lawa mathuluzi angasusa izinto ezingenawo umthelela obalulekile.Angiyena unjiniyela, kodwa ngifunde lokhu futhi ngacabanga Finite Element Analysis.Ngabe sengikubona emshweni oyiphenathi.Uyishilo .Impela abenzi bezimoto vele bayakwenza.Siqhathanisa kanjani?Ingabe le modeli ihlinzeka ngamandla esimeni esiphuthumayo kanye nasekusetshenzisweni okuvamile?
Yonke imiphetho, isigodi ne-fillet idinga isikhathi somshini nokugqokwa kwamathuluzi.Ezinye izinguquko zamathuluzi ezengeziwe zingadingeka, futhi lapho kusebenza endaweni ehlukile, izingxenye zingadinga umshini futhi zixhunywe kabusha ukuze zilethe umumo ongenza amaphakethe amaningi - uma zingaba nethuluzi elinengqondo nxazonke.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ungasebenzisa umshini onamadigri enkululeko engeziwe ukuze uphendule ingxenye ibe i-engeli engcono kakhulu… Kodwa izindleko zini?
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngokuvamile akunayo imingcele yefomu enjalo, okwenza izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe lula njengezilula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzuzo yendabuko yokukhipha imishini ukuthi impahla ivame ukuba yi-isotropic, iqine ngokulinganayo kunoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ngaphandle kwamaflethi angaphakathi, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokubopha okubi ngenxa ye-sintering embi.Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi udlule endaweni yokugaya (isinyathelo esingabizi) ukuyinikeza isakhiwo esihle sokusanhlamvu.
Zonke izindlela zokuphrinta ze-3D zinemikhawulo yomumo.Ngisho nezingxenye ze-SLM.Njengoba ungase ucabange, imvelo ye-isotropic ye-SLM ayinandaba ngempela.Imishini nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke zinikeza imiphumela engaguquki kakhulu.
Nokho, intengo ngokwayo ingesinye isilo.Embonini ye-aerospace, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunzima ukuncintisana ngempela.
Ngingasho ukuthi imboni ye-aerospace ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa lapho izindleko zokuphrinta kwe-3D zensimbi zingathethelelwa.Izindleko zokuqala zokukhiqiza ziyingxenyana encane yezindleko zomkhiqizo we-aerospace, futhi isisindo sibaluleke kangangokuthi kulula ukusisebenzisa.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphezulu zesibhakabhaka zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezingxenye eziyinhlanganisela, inqubo yokunyathelisa enekhono kanye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu obubalulekile kunganikeza ukonga kwezindleko zangempela kanye nomoya ohlanzekile.
Isibonelo esisobala kakhulu yikho konke okuprintwa ezinjinini zamarokhethi namuhla.Ungakwazi ukuqeda amaphuzu amaningi wekhwalithi engagculisi kumapayipi ayinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwemigqa yokubuyisela kanye nesisindo.Ngicabanga ukuthi amanye ama-nozzles enjini aphrintwe ngo-3d (i-superdraco mhlawumbe?).Ngikhumbula kahle izindaba zohlobo oluthile lwabakaki bensimbi abanyathelisiwe ezindizeni zezindiza ze-Boeing.
Imikhiqizo efana nama-jammer amasha e-Navy nokunye ukuthuthukiswa okusha kungase kube nabakaki abaningi abaphrintiwe be-3D.Inzuzo yezingxenye ezithuthukisiwe ze-topology ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kuhlanganiswe nenqubo yokuklama futhi ukuhlaziywa kokukhathala kuxhumene nakho ngokuqondile.
Kodwa-ke, kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi izinto ezifana ne-DMLS zibambe iqhaza kwezezimoto nokukhiqiza.Isisindo sibaluleke kakhulu.
Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lapho lusebenza kahle lutholakala kuma-hydraulic/pneumatic manifolds.Ikhono lokwenza iziteshi ezigobile kanye nezimbobo zokugoqa ama-shrink awusizo kakhulu.Futhi, ngezinjongo zokunikeza isitifiketi, kusafanele wenze ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka okungu-100%, ngakho awudingi isici esikhulu sokuphepha (ukucindezeleka kuphezulu kakhulu noma kunjalo).
Inkinga ukuthi izinkampani eziningi ziqhosha ngokuba nephrinta ye-SLM, kodwa bambalwa abakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa.Lawa maphrinta asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-prototyping esheshayo kuphela futhi awasebenzi isikhathi esiningi.Njengoba lokhu kusabhekwa njengendawo entsha, amaphrinta kulindeleke ukuthi ehle njengobisi futhi kufanele alahlwe phakathi neminyaka emi-5.Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba izindleko zangempela zingase zibe phansi kakhulu, ukuthola intengo ehloniphekile yomsebenzi wokukhiqiza kunzima ngempela.
Futhi, ikhwalithi yokuphrinta incike ekuphatheni okushisayo kwento, okusho ukuthi i-aluminiyamu ivamise ukudala ubulukhuni obuphezulu obungaholela ekusebenzeni kokukhathala okucasulayo (hhayi ukuthi inqwaba iyayidinga uma uklama lokho).Futhi, ngenkathi i-TiAlV6 iphrinta kahle kakhulu futhi inamandla angcono kune-base grade 5, i-aluminium itholakala kakhulu njenge-AlSi10Mg, okungeyona i-alloy enamandla kakhulu.I-T6, ngenkathi ilungele ukulingwa kwento efanayo, ayifanele izingxenye ze-SLM.I-Scalmaloy yinhle futhi kodwa kunzima ukuyinikeza ilayisense, bambalwa abayinikezayo, ungasebenzisa futhi i-Ti enezindonga ezincanyana.
Izinkampani eziningi nazo zidinga ingalo nomlenze, amasampula angu-20, kanye nengane yakho yokuqala ukuze kucutshungulwe ingxenye ephrintiwe.Nakuba ukusebenza kuyafana nokulingisa ngomshini okuthathe izimbongolo namasenti ukuze kwenziwe iminyaka, bacabanga ukuthi izingxenye eziphrintiwe ziwumlingo futhi amakhasimende acabanga ukuthi anezikhwama ezijulile.Futhi, izinkampani eziqinisekisiwe ze-AS9100 ngokuvamile azishodi ngemisebenzi futhi ziyakujabulela ukwenza lokho osekunesikhathi eside zikwenza futhi ziyazi ukuthi zingenza imali ngakho futhi zingakwenza ngaphandle kokusolwa ngokuphahlazeka kwendiza..
Ngakho yebo: imboni ye-aerospace ingazuza ezingxenyeni ze-SLM, futhi ezinye zazo zenza, kodwa i-idiosyncrasies yemboni kanye nezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngensizakalo zinamathele kuma-70s, okwenza izinto zibe nzima nakakhulu.Okuwukuphela kwentuthuko yangempela injini, lapho izijovo zikaphethiloli ezinyathelisiwe seziyinsakavukela.Kithina uqobo, umzabalazo wokuhlinzekwa nge-ASML wumqansa.
Ipayipi le-exhaust lokuphrinta kwe-3D ngensimbi engagqwali P-51D.https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Ezinye izici ezihlotshaniswa nezindleko zomshini ukuphatha ukulahlekelwa kwesipholisa ngenxa yokuchitheka kwegazi nokuhwamuka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chips kufanele acutshungulwe.Noma yikuphi ukuncishiswa kwe-chip ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi kungaholela ekongeni okukhulu.
Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-topology design, futhi njengoba ungase uqagele, kungenye izinga lokuhlaziya ngaphezulu kwe-FEA.Ibanjwa ngempela eminyakeni embalwa edlule njengoba amathuluzi efinyeleleka kalula.
Noma kunini uma ubona igama le-Fraunhofer, linelungelo lobunikazi futhi umphakathi wabakhiqizi uzovinjelwa ukuthi ulisebenzise isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ngamanye amazwi: sisungule indlela entsha yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ushintsha imoto yakho ngokushesha nje lapho iwaranti yakho iphela.
Angikuboni ukuhlobana phakathi kwamahinji eminyango elula kanye netulo elibi elikwenza ulahle imoto yakho yonke kudoti?
Ukuhlaziya impilo yokukhathala kuyinto eyodwa;uma ukhulisa kuphela amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo, uzogcina unengxenye engeke isebenze.
Noma ngabe bayiklame yaba buthaka ngamabomu, ngeke ikhathale maduzane ngemuva kokuphela kwewaranti, iyihinge kuphela, kodwa yintsha, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi uzoyilahla yonke imoto ... kuzoba nemoto eshintshwayo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwemoto, ngoba isalungile, kepha leyo ngxenye eshibhile/elula yokufaka esikhundleni isigugile - akukho okusha ngalokho…
Empeleni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha njll, cishe isaklanywe kabusha kakhulu, njengamafreyimu amaningi ezimoto/imizimba/izihlalo, ngenxa yokucindezeleka ezobhekana nakho ekusebenziseni okuvamile..indawo yokuthengisa, ngaphandle uma kudingwa umthetho endaweni yangakini.
“Kuyihinji nje” kodwa futhi kuyisibonelo sokuklama ingxenye yempilo ethile.Uma isetshenziswa kuyo yonke imoto yakho, imoto yakho izophenduka i-clunker ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ihlazo liwumphumela wokuvama kwabo (MP3, ngiyabona!) ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi.
Umnotho wonke wase-US wakhelwe phezu “kwe-chip” enjalo.Ngamazinga athile iyasebenza :-/.
UFraunhofer wenza isayensi eminingi.Akusetshenziswanga kuphela, kodwa futhi nocwaningo oluyisisekelo.Konke kubiza imali.Uma ufuna ukukwenza ngaphandle kwamalungelo obunikazi namalayisense, udinga ukubanikeza uxhaso oluthe xaxa lukahulumeni.Ngamalayisensi namalungelo obunikazi, abantu bakwamanye amazwe nabo bathwala ezinye zezindleko ngoba nabo bayazuza kulobu buchwepheshe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi zifundo zibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukuncintisana kwemboni.
Ngokwesizindalwazi sabo, ingxenye yentela yakho ilinganiselwa ku-30% (Grundfinanzierung), enye futhi iphuma emithonjeni etholakala kwezinye izinkampani.Imali yelungelo lobunikazi cishe iyingxenye yalowo 70%, ngakho-ke uma ungakunaki lokho, kuzoba nentuthuko encane noma izintela ezengeziwe.
Ngesizathu esingaziwa, insimbi engagqwali ivinjelwe futhi ayithandwa emzimbeni, injini, ukudluliselwa kanye nezingxenye zokulengiswa.I-stainless ingatholakala kuphela kwamanye amapayipi okukhipha amanzi abizayo, kuzoba yi-crap njenge-martensitic AISI 410, uma ufuna i-exhaust enhle, ehlala njalo kuzodingeka usebenzise i-AISI 304/316 ngokwakho ukwenza into enjalo.
Ngakho zonke izimbobo ezingxenyeni ezinjalo ekugcineni zizovaleka umhlaba omanzi futhi izingxenye zizoqala ukugqwala ngokushesha okukhulu.Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye yakhelwe isisindo esiphansi kunazo zonke, noma yikuphi ukugqwala kuzokwenza ngokushesha kube buthakathaka kakhulu emsebenzini.Ubungaba nenhlanhla uma leyo ngxenye bekuyihinge yomnyango, noma i-brace yangaphakathi engabalulekile kangako noma i-lever.Uma unezingxenye ezimisiwe, izingxenye zokudlulisela noma into efana naleyo, usenkingeni enkulu.
PS: Ukhona yini oyaziyo ngemoto yensimbi engagqwali ehlaselwe wumswakama, icwecwa uqweqwe nokungcola yonke indawo kanye nomsebenzi wayo omningi?Zonke izingalo ezimisiwe, izindlu zamafeni erediyetha, njll. zingathengwa nganoma iyiphi intengo.Ngiyazi nge-DeLorean, kodwa ngeshwa inamaphaneli angaphandle ensimbi engagqwali hhayi ukwakheka komzimba wonke neminye imininingwane ebalulekile.
Ngingakhokhela kakhulu imoto enomzimba/uhlaka/ukumiswa/isistimu yokukhipha umoya wensimbi engagqwali, kodwa lokho kusho ukonakala kwenani.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo azibizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zinzima kakhulu ukubumba nokushisela.Ngiyangabaza ukuthi amabhlogo enjini yensimbi engagqwali namakhanda enza noma yimuphi umqondo.
Kunzima kakhulu futhi.Ngezindinganiso zanamuhla zokonga uphethiloli, akukho nzuzo kunsimbi engagqwali.Kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka ukulungisa izindleko zekhabhoni yemoto eyenziwe kakhulu ngensimbi engagqwali ukuze kuphinde kutholwe izinzuzo zokuqina zento esebenzayo.
Kungani ucabanga kanjalo?Insimbi engagqwali inokuminyana okufanayo kodwa inamandla kancane.(AISI 304 – 8000 kg/m^3 futhi 500 MPa, 945 – 7900-8100 kg/m^3 kanye 450 MPa).Ngobukhulu obufanayo beshidi, umzimba wensimbi engagqwali unesisindo esifanayo nesomzimba wensimbi ovamile.Futhi awudingi ukuwapenda, ngakho-ke akukho primer / upende / i-varnish eyengeziwe.
Yebo, ezinye izimoto zenziwe nge-aluminium noma nge-titanium, ngakho-ke zilula, kodwa zisesigabeni semakethe esezingeni eliphezulu futhi abathengi abanankinga yokuthenga izimoto ezintsha minyaka yonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium iyagqwala, kwezinye izimo ishesha kakhulu kunensimbi.
Insimbi engagqwali akunzima ukuyibumba nokushisela.Ingenye yezinto ezilula kakhulu ukuyishisela, futhi ngenxa ye-ductility yayo ephakeme kunensimbi evamile, ingabunjwa ibe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.Qaphela amabhodwe, osinki, nezinye izitembu zensimbi engagqwali ezitholakala kabanzi.Usinki omkhulu we-AISI 304 wensimbi engagqwali ubiza kancane kakhulu futhi umuke ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kunanoma iyiphi i-fender egxivizwe kuleyo foil yensimbi embi.Ungakwazi ukwakha kalula izingxenye zomzimba usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali yekhwalithi ephezulu ekubunjweni okujwayelekile futhi isikhunta sizohlala isikhathi eside.ESoviet Union, abanye abantu abasebenza ezimbonini zezimoto ngezinye izikhathi benza izingxenye zomzimba zensimbi engagqwali emishinini yasefekthri ukuze bashintshe izimoto zabo.Usengathola iVolga endala (GAZ-24) enephansi, isiqu noma amaphiko ensimbi engagqwali.Kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union.IDK kungani futhi kanjani, futhi manje akekho ozovuma ukukwenzela noma iyiphi imali.Angikaze ngizwe ngezitho zomzimba zensimbi engagqwali ezenziwa ezimbonini zasentshonalanga noma zomhlaba wesithathu.Engakuthola kwakuyi-jeep yensimbi engagqwali, kodwa i-AFAIR, amaphaneli ensimbi engenasici aphinde akhiqizwa ngesandla, hhayi ifektri.Kukhona nendaba yabalandeli be-WV Golf Mk2 abazama uku-oda inqwaba yezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali kubakhiqizi bemakethe yangemuva njenge-Klokkerholm, abavame ukubenza ngensimbi engenalutho.Bonke laba bakhiqizi banqamula ngokushesha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkulumo ngalesi sihloko, bengakhulumi ngisho namanani.Ngakho awukwazi noku-oda noma yini nganoma iyiphi imali kule ndawo.ngisho ngobuningi.
Ngivumile, yingakho ngingayishongo injini ohlwini.Ukugqwala akuyona neze inkinga enkulu yenjini.
Insimbi engagqwali ibiza kakhulu, yebo, kodwa ikesi lensimbi engagqwali alidingi ukupendwa nhlobo.Izindleko zengxenye yomzimba ependiwe ziphakeme kakhulu kunengxenye ngokwayo.Ngakho, ikesi lensimbi engagqwali lingashibhile kunelo eligqwalile.futhi iyohlala cishe ingunaphakade.Vele ushintshe izihlahla zenjoloba ezigugile namajoyinti emotweni yakho futhi ngeke udinge ukuthenga imoto entsha.Uma kunengqondo, ungakwazi ngisho nokufaka enye into esebenza kahle kakhulu noma esebenza ngogesi esikhundleni senjini.Akukho ukumosha, akukho ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo okungadingekile lapho kwakhiwa izimoto ezintsha noma kusetshenziswa ezindala.Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, le ndlela eco-friendly ayikho nhlobo ohlwini lwezazi zemvelo nabakhiqizi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, izingcweti ePhilippines zakha izingxenye zomzimba zensimbi engagqwali ezintsha zeJeepneys.Zazakhiwe ekuqaleni ngamajeepi asala eMpini Yezwe II kanye neMpi YaseKorea, kodwa cishe ngo-1978 zanqanyulwa zonke ngoba zazikwazi ukwelula ingemuva ukuze zikwazi ukuhlalisa abagibeli abaningi.Ngakho kwadingeka bakhe amasha kusukela ekuqaleni futhi basebenzise insimbi engagqwali ukuze bagcine umzimba ungagqwali.Esiqhingini esizungezwe amanzi anosawoti, lokhu kuhle.
Ishidi lensimbi engagqwali alinayo into elingana nensimbi ye-HiTen.Lokhu kubalulekile ekuphepheni, khumbula ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-euroNCAP ezimotweni zamaShayina ezingasebenzisanga lolu hlobo lwensimbi ekhethekile.Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, akukho lutho oludlula i-GS cast iron: engabizi, enezici zokuphonsa eziphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.Isipikili sokugcina ebhokisini yinani.Insimbi engagqwali ibiza ngempela.Basebenzisa isibonelo semoto yezemidlalo ngesizathu esihle lapho izindleko zingenandaba, kodwa kwaVW neze.
Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu namasevisi, uvumela ngokucacile ukubekwa komsebenzi wethu, ukusebenza kanye nokukhangisa kwamakhukhi.funda kabanzi